Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Masa Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pendidikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank Ekonomi Raharja, mengetahui pengaruh masa kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank Ekonomi Raharja, mengetahui pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank Ekonomi Raharja, dan mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Bank Ekonomi Raharja.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik komunikasi tidak langsung dan teknik studi dokumenter. Alat pengumpul data adalah kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif kuantitatif dan teknik analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifika tingkat pendidikan terhadap kinerja sebesar Pontianak sebesar 34.6% dengan signifikansi 0.00 ≤ 0,05. (2) Masa kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja sebesar 44.4% dengan signifikansi 0.00 ≤ 0,05. (3) Motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja sebesar 44.7% dengan signifikansi 0.00 ≤ 0,05. (4) Tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja sebesar 72.9% dengan signifikansi 0.00 ≤ 0,05. Kata kunci : pendidikan, masa kerja, motivasi, kinerja Abstrack: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on the performance of employees at Bank Ekonomi Raharja, knowing the effect of tenure on the performance of employees at Bank Ekonomi Raharja, knowing the effect of work motivation on employee performance in Bank Ekonomi Raharja, and determine the effect of education, tenure and work motivation on employee performance in PT. Bank Ekonomi Raharja. The data collection technique used is the technique of indirect communication and techniques of documentary studies. Data collection tool is a questionnaire. The analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive technique and multiple regression analysis techniques. The results showed that (1) there is positive and signifika level of education on the performance of Pontianak amounted to 34.6% at the 0.05 significance ≤ 0:00. (2) The tenure of the positive effect on the performance of 44.4% with a significance of 0.05 ≤ 0:00. (3) Motivation positive effect on the performance of 44.7% with a significance of 0.05 ≤ 0:00. (4) The level of education, years of service and work motivation positive effect on the performance of 72.9% with a significance of 0.05 ≤ 0:00

Microstructure of the juvenile sheep aortic valve hinge region and the trilamellar sliding hypothesis.

Background: The aortic valve mechanism performs extremely sophisticated functions which depend on the microstructure of its component parts. The hinge mechanism of the aortic leaflets plays a crucial part in the overall function. However, the detailed microstructure and its relation to function has not been adequately studied. Methods: The aortic roots of juvenile sheep were fixed under physiologic pressure. Sections through all three sinuses were then performed to illustrate the microstructure of the hinge mechanism in different regions of the aortic root. Results: The hinge region in the different sinuses showed unique microstructure with a trilamellar topology with a dominant core consisting of glycosaminoglycans. The exact arrangement of the trilamellar structures varies around the aortic sinuses, which could have functional implications. These features allow the hinge to perform its complex functions through what we have described as "the trilamellar sliding hypothesis". Conclusion: The microstructure of the hinge mechanism is unique and enables it to perform it sophisticated functions

Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Temozolomide in Mouse Brain Tissue

Temozolomide is a Food and Drug Administration-approved anticancer drug that has poor drug delivery via oral or intravenous routes. A potential strategy to combat this problem is investigating alternative routes of administration, requiring quantitation of the drug in the brain tissues by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. However, current methods used to extract the drug from brain tissues resulted in poor recovery and substantial matrix effects. Herein, we reported a new two-step extraction method that involves the use of Proteinase K to lyse tumor tissues to efficiently release the drug, followed by ethanol protein precipitation. The extracts were then separated on a C18 column and analyzed in positive electrospray ionization, a multiple reaction monitoring mode of the triple quadrupole. We found this new method led to a recovery of 82% with negligible matrix effects. The method has been validated in accordance with Food and Drug Administration guidance for linearity, specificity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, carry-over, stability, and lower limit of quantitation. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method with a novel sample preparation method that was able to efficiently extract temozolomide from mouse brain tissue with high recovery

Appropriate Use of Venous Imaging and Analysis of the D- Dimer/Clinical Probability Testing Paradigm in the Diagnosis and Location of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Background—The D-dimer (DD) level combined with the pretest Wells criteria probability (WCP) score can safely exclude deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between DD results alongside WCP score with findings on venous duplex ultrasound (VDU). The hypothesis is that VDU remains overutilized in low-risk patients with negative DD and that higher DD levels may correlate with thrombus burden and location. Methods—Patients who presented to a high-volume tertiary care center with lower limb swelling with or without associated pain were retrospectively examined through June and July for 4 consecutive years (2012 to 2015). After calculating WCP, patients were divided into low-, moderate-, and high-risk categories. Electronic DD results utilizing enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, WCP data, and VDU analysis data were merged and analyzed based on receiver operator characteristic curve to determine the DD cutoff point for each WCP. Abnormal DD with an average value ≥ 0.6 mg/L fibrinogen equivalent units (FEUs) was correlated to positive DVT to differentiate proximal DVT (above popliteal vein) from distal DVT (below popliteal vein). Results—Data of 1,909 patients were analyzed, and 239 (12.5%) patients were excluded secondary to serial repeat visits or follow-ups, surveillance screens, and if they had a previous history of DVT. The average age was 62.1 ± 16.3 years with more women (55.7%) and the majority presented with limb pain and edema (87%). DD studies were ordered and completed in 202 patients and correlated with all positive and negative DVT patients (100% sensitivity and negative predictive value, with specificity and positive predictive value of 14.9% and 15.9%, respectively). Twenty-six of 202 patients had DD that were in the normal range 0.1–0.59 mg/L (FEU), all of which were negative for DVT (100% sensitive). Fifty one of 202 patients had DD values of 0.6–1.2 mg/L FEU, of which only 3 DVTs were recorded, and all of them were distal DVTs. In addition, 685 patients with WCP Thus, 762 patients had an unnecessary immediate VDU (Wells ≤1 and –DD) study during their initial presentation. Potential charge savings for VDU for all patients are 762 × $1,557 =$1,186,434 and DD for all patients are 762 × $182 =$138,684, with total potential savings of $1,047,750 (USD 2016). Conclusions—This study suggests that DD is still underutilized, and DD in conjunction with WCP could significantly reduce the number of unnecessary immediate VDUs. Higher value of DD (\u3e1.2 mg/L FEU) may raise concern for proximal DVT. Concern on cost-effectiveness exists and raises the demand for a proposed algorithm to be followed

Management of Immediate Post- Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair Type Ia Endoleaks and Late Outcomes

BACKGROUND—Post-endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) endoleaks and the need for reintervention are challenging. Additional endovascular treatment is advised for type Ia endoleaks detected on post-EVAR completion angiogram. This study analyzed management and late outcomes of these endoleaks. STUDY DESIGN—This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from EVAR patients during a 10-year period. All post-EVAR type Ia endoleaks on completion angiogram were identified (group A) and their early (30-day) and late outcomes were compared with outcomes of patients without endoleaks (group B). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis, sac expansion, late type Ia endoleak, and reintervention. RESULTS—Seventy-one of 565 (12.6%) patients had immediate post-EVAR type Ia endoleak. Early intervention (proximal aortic cuffs and/or stenting) was used in 56 of 71 (79%) in group A vs 31 of 494 (6%) in group B (p \u3c 0.0001). Late type Ia endoleak was noted in 9 patients (13%) in group A at a mean follow-up of 28 months vs 10 patients (2%) in group B at a mean follow-up of 32 months (p \u3c 0.0001). Late sac expansion and reintervention rates were 9% and 10% for group A vs 5% and 3% for group B (p = 0.2698 and p = 0.0198), respectively. Freedom rates from late type Ia endoleaks at 1, 3, and 5 years for group A were 88%, 85%, and 80% vs 98%, 98%, and 96% for group B (p \u3c 0.001); and for late intervention, were 94%, 92%, and 77% for group A, and 99%, 97%, and 95% for group B (p = 0.007), respectively. Survival rates were similar. CONCLUSIONS—Immediate post-EVAR type Ia endoleaks are associated with higher rates of early interventions, late endoleaks and reintervention, which will necessitate strict post-EVAR surveillance

Biocompatibility and application of carbon fibres in heart valve tissue engineering

The success of tissue engineered heart valves relies on a balance between polymer degradation, appropriate cell repopulation and ECM deposition, in order for the valves to continue their vital function. However, the process of remodelling is highly dynamic and species dependent. Carbon fibres have been well used in the construction industry for their high tensile strength and flexibility, and therefore might be relevant to support tissue engineered hearts valve during this transition in the mechanically demanding environment of the circulation. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of carbon fibres to be incorporated into tissue engineered heart valves, with respect to optimising their cellular interaction and mechanical flexibility during valve opening and closure. The morphology and surface oxidation of the carbon fibres was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their ability to interact with human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) was assessed with respect to cell attachment and phenotypic changes. hADSCs attached and maintained their expression of stem cell markers with negligible differentiation to other lineages. Incorporation of carbon fibres into a stand-alone tissue engineered aortic root, comprised of jet-sprayed poly-caprolactone aligned fibres had no negative effects on the opening and closure characteristics of the valve when simulated in a pulsatile bioreactor. In conclusion, carbon fibres were found to be conducive to hADSC attachment and maintaining their phenotype. Carbon fibres were sufficiently flexible for full motion of valvular opening and closure. This study provides a proof of concept for the incorporation of carbon fibres into tissue engineered heart valves to continue their vital function during scaffold degradation

Patient perspectives of managing fatigue in ankylosing spondylitis, and views on potential interventions: a qualitative study

<p>Background: Fatigue is a major component of living with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), though it has been largely over-looked, and currently there are no specific agreed management strategies.</p> <p>Methods: This qualitative exploratory study involved participants who are members of an existing population-based ankylosing spondylitis (PAS) cohort. Participants residing in South West Wales were invited to participate in a focus group to discuss; (1) effects of fatigue, (2) self-management strategies and (3) potential future interventions. The focus groups were audio-recorded and the transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.</p> <p>Results: Participants consisted of 3 males/4 females (group 1) and 4 males/3 females (group 2), aged between 35 and 73 years (mean age 53 years). Three main themes were identified: (1) The effects of fatigue were multi-dimensional with participants expressing feelings of being ‘drained’ (physical), ‘upset’ (emotional) and experiencing ‘low-mood’ (psychological); (2) The most commonly reported self-management strategy for fatigue was a balanced combination of activity (exercise) and rest. Medication was reluctantly taken due to side-effects and worries over dependency; (3) Participants expressed a preference for psychological therapies rather than pharmacological for managing fatigue. Information on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) was received with interest, with recommendations for delivery in a group format with the option of distance-based delivery for people who were not able to attend a group course.</p> <p>Conclusions: Patients frequently try and manage their fatigue without any formal guidance or support. Our research indicates there is a need for future research to focus on psychological interventions to address the multi-faceted aspects of fatigue in AS.</p&gt

Developmental trajectories of cortical thickness by functional brain network: The roles of pubertal timing and socioeconomic status

The human cerebral cortex undergoes considerable changes during development, with cortical maturation patterns reflecting regional heterogeneity that generally progresses in a posterior-to-anterior fashion. However, the organizing principles that govern cortical development remain unclear. In the current study, we characterized age-related differences in cortical thickness (CT) as a function of sex, pubertal timing, and two dissociable indices of socioeconomic status (i.e., income-to-needs and maternal education) in the context of functional brain network organization, using a cross-sectional sample (n = 789) diverse in race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status from the Lifespan Human Connectome Project in Development (HCP-D). We found that CT generally followed a linear decline from 5 to 21 years of age, except for three functional networks that displayed nonlinear trajectories. We found no main effect of sex or age by sex interaction for any network. Earlier pubertal timing was associated with reduced mean CT and CT in seven networks. We also found a significant age by maternal education interaction for mean CT across cortex and CT in the dorsal attention network, where higher levels of maternal education were associated with steeper age-related decreases in CT. Taken together, our results suggest that these biological and environmental variations may impact the emerging functional connectome