Pax transactivation domain-interacting protein is required for preserving hematopoietic stem cell quiescence via regulating lysosomal activity

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) maintain lifetime whole blood hematopoiesis through self-renewal and differentiation. In order to sustain HSC stemness, most HSC reside in a quiescence state, which is affected by diverse cellular stress and intracellular signal transduction. How HSC accommodate those challenges to preserve lifetime capacity remains elusive. Here we show that Pax transactivation domain-interacting protein (PTIP) is required for preserving HSC quiescence via regulating lysosomal activity. Using a genetic knockout mouse model to specifically delete Ptip in HSC, we find that loss of Ptip promotes HSC exiting quiescence, and results in functional exhaustion of HSC. Mechanistically, Ptip loss increases lysosomal degradative activity of HSC. Restraining lysosomal activity restores the quiescence and repopulation potency of Ptip-/- HSC. Additionally, PTIP interacts with SMAD2/3 and mediates transforming growth factor-β signaling-induced HSC quiescence. Overall, our work uncovers a key role of PTIP in sustaining HSC quiescence via regulating lysosomal activity

Association of maternal lipid levels with birth weight and cord blood insulin: a Bayesian network analysis

Objective: To assess the independent association of maternal lipid levels with birth weight and cord blood insulin (CBI) level. Setting: The Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, Guangzhou, China. Participants: Women who delivered between January 2015 and June 2016 and with umbilical cord blood retained were eligible for this study. Those with prepregnancy health conditions, without an available fasting blood sample in the second trimester, or without demographic and glycaemic information were excluded. After random selection, data from 1522 mother–child pairs were used in this study. Exposures and outcome measures: Additive Bayesian network analysis was used to investigate the interdependency of lipid profiles with other metabolic risk factors (prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose and early gestational weight gain) in association with birth weight and CBI, along with multivariable linear regression models. Results: In multivariable linear regressions, maternal triglyceride was associated with increased birth weight (adjusted β=67.46, 95% CI 41.85 to 93.06 g per mmol/L) and CBI (adjusted β=0.89, 95% CI 0.06 to 1.72 μU/mL per mmol/L increase), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with decreased birth weight (adjusted β=−45.29, 95% CI −85.49 to −5.09 g per mmol/L). After considering the interdependency of maternal metabolic risk factors in the Network analysis, none of the maternal lipid profiles was independently associated with birth weight and CBI. Instead, prepregnancy BMI was the global strongest factor for birth weight and CBI directly and indirectly. Conclusions: Gestational dyslipidaemia appears to be secondary to metabolic dysfunction with no clear association with metabolic adverse outcomes in neonates. Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity appears the most influential upstream metabolic risk factor for both maternal and neonatal metabolic health; these data imply weight management may need to be addressed from the preconception period and during early pregnancy

Classification and function of γδT cells and its research progress in anti-glioblastoma

Abstract Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes are classified into alpha–beta T (αβΤ) cells and gamma–delta T (γδΤ) cells based on the difference in T cell receptors (TCRs). αβT cells are crucial for the acquired immune response, while γδΤ cells, though only a small subset, can recognize antigenic substances. These antigens do not need to be processed and presented and are not restricted by MHC. This distinguishes γδΤ cells from αβT cells and highlights their distinct role in innate immunity. Despite their small number, γδΤ cells hold significant significance in anti-tumor, anti-infection and immune regulation. Glioblastoma (GBM) represents one of the most prevalent malignant tumors within the central nervous system (CNS). Surgical resection alone proves to be an ineffective method for curing this type of cancer. Even with the combination of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis of some individuals with glioblastoma is still poor, and the recurrence rate is high. In this research, the classification, biological, and immunological functions of γδT cells and their research progress in anti-glioblastoma were reviewed

FIGURE 5 in A new barbeled goby from south China (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

FIGURE 5. Linear regressions of standard length and natural log-transformed wet body weight for T. radiatus (n=191), T. bifasciatus (n=137) and T. barbatus (n=511). Grey regions depict 95% CI of the least-square regression line. See Table 3 for parameter estimates.Published as part of <i>Cui, Rongfeng, Pan, Yashu, Yang, Xinming & Wang, Yingyong, 2013, A new barbeled goby from south China (Teleostei: Gobiidae), pp. 177-192 in Zootaxa 3670 (2)</i> on page 187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.2.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10098052">http://zenodo.org/record/10098052</a&gt

A new barbeled goby from south China (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Cui, Rongfeng, Pan, Yashu, Yang, Xinming, Wang, Yingyong (2013): A new barbeled goby from south China (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Zootaxa 3670 (2): 177-192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.2.