28 research outputs found
Uji Efikasi Ekstrak Batang Tembakau (Nicotiana Spp.) untuk Pengendalian Rayap Tanah (Coptotermes Spp.)
Coptotermes spp. is one of the most harmful termites, because it can damage the wood and building. One of the controlling efforts is by using a tobacco stalk extract, due to the nicotine and other bioactive compounds and are toxic to the termite. This study aims to know the effectiveness of the tobacco stalk extract for termite control. This research is experimental study. The study is conducting for 21 days. Sample for each treatment is 150 termites, where each treatment is 0% (control), 1.3%; 2%; 3.4%; 6.8%; 9.7% with 5 repetitions. It is obtaining from pre-test. Termite mortality data, weight modification of feed paper, and termite consumption are analyzing with ANOVA and followed by Tukey test at 1% significant results. Lethal Concentration (LC) 50 and 90 are analyzing with Probit regression. The results show that the value of termites mortality on test Tukey is p<0,01. And the values of weight modification of paper and termite consumption on test Tukey are p<0,01. So there is significant difference on termite mortality. For weight modification of paper and termite consumption, there are significant differences. Unless the concentration of 1%; 2%; 3.4%; 6.8% and 9.7% are not significant. The values of Lethal Concentration (LC) 50 and 90 are 1,715% and 6.945%. The hope is the community can do termite control easily by utilizing the tobacco stalk
Simulasi Waveguide Sederhana Menggunakan Metode Galerkin dalam Matlab
Tulisan ini, merupakan sebuah tutorial bagaimana mengimplementasikan metode Galerkin untuk menyelesaikan persamaan Helmholtz. Persamaan ini, misalnya digunakan untuk memodelkan persamaan gelombang skalar. Misalnya untuk memperoleh informasi perilaku waveguide, persamaan Helmholtz perlu diselesaikan secara numerik, mengingat bentuk geometrik bahan penyusun menyebabkan solusi analitik sulit didapat. Persamaan gelombang skalar untuk waveguide isotropik homogen digunakan untuk memperkenalkan FEM. Untuk lebih sederhananya, digunakan elemen segitiga orde pertama. Makalah ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan tentang metode elemen hingga (FEM) dapat dipelajari dalam waktu singkat dengan menggunakan MATLAB. Hal ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan yang diperoleh dapat diperluas untuk masalah elektromagnetik lainnya
Solusi Persamaan Yukawa di Daerah Sederhana Menggunakan Metode Galerkin dalam Matlab
Tulisan ini, merupakan sebuah tutorial bagaimana mengimplementasikan metode Galerkin untuk menyelesaikan persamaan Yukawa. Persamaan ini, misalnya digunakan untuk memodelkan perambatan air dalam keadaan tak jenuh. Misalnya untuk memperoleh informasi bentuk pembasahan akibat adanya sumber air jenuh, persamaan Yukawa perlu diselesaikan secara numerik. Persamaan gelombang skalar untuk background homogen digunakan untuk memperkenalkan FEM. Untuk lebih sederhananya, digunakan elemen segitiga orde pertama. Makalah ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan tentang metode elemen hingga (FEM) dapat dipelajari dalam waktu singkat dengan menggunakan MATLAB. Hal ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan yang diperoleh dapat diperluas untuk masalah bentuk serupa lainny
In search of the psychological antecedents and consequences of Christian conversion: A three-year prospective study
Religious conversion is often an overwhelming experience. Although self-reports by some converts about life before and after conversion often contain vivid descriptions of the type and extent of changes, few rigorous empirical studies have documented them. This 3-year longitudinal prospective study aimed to understand the precursors of conversion, and whether this event would result in psychological changes. A logistic regression on 455 non-Christian Chinese (of whom 46 later became Christian converts) showed that neither baseline personality, personal values, social axioms, nor psychological symptoms predicted whether one would be converted during the next three years. However, people who thought that there is one and only one true religion were more likely than others to be converted. We further formed a matched sample of 92 individuals who had been Christians throughout the study, and a matched sample of 92 nonbelievers who remained so throughout the study. Comparison between measures taken at the baseline and end of the study period showed that converted people were transformed not in personality but in symptoms of stress and anxiety, as well as several personal values.postprin
SIMULASI WAVEGUIDE SEDERHANA MENGGUNAKAN METODE GALERKIN DALAM MATLAB
Tulisan ini, merupakan sebuah tutorial bagaimana mengimplementasikan metode Galerkin untuk menyelesaikan persamaan Helmholtz. Persamaan ini, misalnya digunakan untuk memodelkan persamaan gelombang skalar. Misalnya untuk memperoleh informasi perilaku waveguide, persamaan Helmholtz perlu diselesaikan secara numerik, mengingat bentuk geometrik bahan penyusun menyebabkan solusi analitik sulit didapat. Persamaan gelombang skalar untuk waveguide isotropik homogen digunakan untuk memperkenalkan FEM. Untuk lebih sederhananya, digunakan elemen segitiga orde pertama. Makalah ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan tentang metode elemen hingga (FEM) dapat dipelajari dalam waktu singkat dengan menggunakan MATLAB. Hal ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan yang diperoleh dapat diperluas untuk masalah elektromagnetik lainnya
SOLUSI PERSAMAAN YUKAWA DI DAERAH SEDERHANA MENGGUNAKAN METODE GALERKIN DALAM MATLAB
Tulisan ini, merupakan sebuah tutorial bagaimana mengimplementasikan metode Galerkin untuk menyelesaikan persamaan Yukawa. Persamaan ini, misalnya digunakan untuk memodelkan perambatan air dalam keadaan tak jenuh. Misalnya untuk memperoleh informasi bentuk pembasahan akibat adanya sumber air jenuh, persamaan Yukawa perlu diselesaikan secara numerik. Persamaan gelombang skalar untuk background homogen digunakan untuk memperkenalkan FEM. Untuk lebih sederhananya, digunakan elemen segitiga orde pertama. Makalah ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan tentang metode elemen hingga (FEM) dapat dipelajari dalam waktu singkat dengan menggunakan MATLAB. Hal ini menunjukkan bagaimana pengetahuan yang diperoleh dapat diperluas untuk masalah bentuk serupa lainny
Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level
Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- A nd middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs
Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.
Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs
The global retinoblastoma outcome study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries
DATA SHARING : The study data will become available online once all analyses are complete.BACKGROUND : Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS : We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS : The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). INTERPRETATION : This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and the Wellcome Trust.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/homeam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt