Genetic parameters of body weight, egg production and shell quality traits in the Brown Tsaiya laying duck

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Prediction of genetic gains in body weight, egg production and shell quality traits in the Brown Tsaiya laying duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

An evaluation was made of the expected genetic gain and predicted genetic responses for egg weight and body weight at 40 weeks of age (EW40, BW40), number of eggs laid up to 52 weeks of age (NEGG52), eggshell strength at 30 or 40 weeks of age (ES30 or ES40) in Brown Tsaiya laying ducks selected for five generations by independent culling levels, first on a linear phenotypic index for the first three traits, and then on ES30 or ES40. The genetic parameters estimated in the base population were used to calculate the expected genetic gains in one generation of selection. The genetic responses per generation were evaluated by averaging the multitrait best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) animal model predictors and regressing them on generation number. The per generation genetic responses were +0.177 g (EW40); +8.029 g (BW40); +0.935 eggs (NEGG52); +0.017 k2 g/cm (ES30); +0.014 kC2 gM/ (ES40). These values fit the expected genetic gains for NEGG52, but they are higher than those for BW40 and lower than those for ES30 and ES40. It was shown that, compared to the selection method which has been used and with the same selection intensity in female ducks (i = 1.271), constrained selection based on a phenotypic selection index or a genetic index could increase the expected genetic gains in NEGG52 by a factor of 3.5 or 5.7, respectively, while maintaining constant EW40 and BW40.Les gains génétiques attendus et les réponses génétiques prédites du poids de l’oeuf et du poids corporel à l’âge de 40 semaines (EW40, BW40), du nombre d’oeufs pondus jusqu’à l’âge de 52 semaines (NEGG52), de la solidité de la coquille aux âges de 30 et 40 semaines (ES30 ou ES4O) chez la cane pondeuse Tsaiya Brune sélectionnée pendant cinq générations ont été calculés. La sélection par niveaux indépendants était basée sur un premier choix des 50% meilleures femelles d’après leurs valeurs individuelles d’un indice de sélection massale sur les trois caractères EW40, BW40, NEGG52 et sur un deuxième choix portant sur les valeurs individuelles de ES30 (deux premières générations) puis de ES40 à partir de la troisième génération. Les reproducteurs mâles étaient choisis de façon comparable à partir de l’information sur leurs sœurs. Au total, 3 482 femelles et 2 093 mâles ont été étudiés. Pendant les quatre premières générations, en moyenne 25,6% des femelles et 12,2% des mâles furent sélectionnés. À partir des paramètres génétiques de la population de base, les gains génétiques attendus ont été calculés. Les réponses génétiques par génération ont été estimées par ailleurs à partir des moyennes des prédicteurs de valeurs génétiques du BL UP modèle animal, en calculant la régression des moyennes en fonction du numéro de génération. Les réponses par génération sont de + 0,177g (EW40); de + 8, 029 g (BWl, 0); de + 0, 935 oeufs (NEGG52); de + 0, 017 k2g/cM (ES30); de + 0, 014 k2 g/cm (ES40). Ces valeurs correspondent au gain génétique attendu pour NEGG52, elles sont plus fortes pour BW40 et plus faibles pour ES30 and ES40. Il est montré que, par rapport à la méthode de sélection qui a été appliquée et avec la même intensité de sélection chez les canes (i = 1, 271), la sélection avec contraintes sur un indice de sélection massale ou un indice génétique sur quatre caractères pourrait multiplier le gain génétique attendu de NEGG52 par 3,5 et 5,7 respectivement, tout en maintenant constant le poids de l'œuf (EW40) et le poids corporel (BW40)

Rapid and efficient generation of neural progenitors from adult bone marrow stromal cells by hypoxic preconditioning

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Rapid detection of BRCA1/2 recurrent mutations in Chinese breast and ovarian cancer patients with multiplex SNaPshot genotyping panels.

BRCA1/2 mutations are significant risk factors for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), its mutation frequency in HBOC of Chinese ethnicity is around 9%, in which nearly half are recurrent mutations. In Hong Kong and China, genetic testing and counseling are not as common as in the West. To reduce the barrier of testing, a multiplex SNaPshot genotyping panel that targeted 25 Chinese BRCA1/2 mutation hotspots was developed, and its feasibility was evaluated in a local cohort of 441 breast and 155 ovarian cancer patients. For those who tested negative, they were then subjected to full-gene testing with next-generation sequencing (NGS). BRCA mutation prevalence in this cohort was 8.05% and the yield of the recurrent panel was 3.52%, identifying over 40% of the mutation carriers. Moreover, from 79 Chinese breast cancer cases recruited overseas, 2 recurrent mutations and one novel BRCA2 mutation were detected by the panel and NGS respectively. The developed genotyping panel showed to be an easy-to-perform and more affordable testing tool that can provide important contributions to improve the healthcare of Chinese women with cancer as well as family members that harbor high risk mutations for HBOC

Formation and Propagation of Matter Wave Soliton Trains

Attraction between atoms in a Bose-Einstein-Condensate renders the condensate unstable to collapse. Confinement in an atom trap, however, can stabilize the condensate for a limited number of atoms, as was observed with 7Li, but beyond this number, the condensate collapses. Attractive condensates constrained to one-dimensional motion are predicted to form stable solitons for which the attractive interactions exactly compensate for the wave packet dispersion. Here we report the formation or bright solitons of 7Li atoms created in a quasi-1D optical trap. The solitons are created from a stable Bose-Einstein condensate by magnetically tuning the interactions from repulsive to attractive. We observe a soliton train, containing many solitons. The solitons are set in motion by offsetting the optical potential and are observed to propagate in the potential for many oscillatory cycles without spreading. Repulsive interactions between neighboring solitons are inferred from their motion

Ethnic differences in the association of fat and lean mass with bone mineral density in the Singapore population

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Effect of the displacement rate and inclination angle in steel fiber pullout tests

This paper summarizes the results obtained in an experimental campaign on the effect of the displacement pullout rate and the inclination angle of the steel fiber pullout tests. For that purpose, specimens were obtained from a self-compacting concrete with a compressive strength of 86 MPa. In the experimental program, hooked-end steel fibers of 0.75 mm diameter and 60 mm length were used. Tests were executed with both hooked-end fibers, and smooth fibers obtained from the former by cutting the hooked end. For both type of fibers, their embedment length into concrete was 20 mm, and the influence of fiber inclination angle toward the load direction was investigated by adopting values of 0∘, 30∘ and 60∘. The tests were performed at displacement rates of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mm/s. The results have shown that the peak pullout load increased with the inclination angle, in particular for the smooth series. Furthermore, higher displacement rates led to a higher energy absorption capacity for the pullout of the smooth fibers, while the energy absorption remained almost stable for hooked-end fibers.project BIA2015-68678-C2-1-R. M. Tarifa appreciates the financial support from the Department of Applied Mechanics and Project Engineering, UCLM (2018), and from the Programa propio de I+D+i de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid para realizar estancias de investigación internacional igual o superior a un mes (2019), to do two stays at the University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal. E. Poveda acknowledges the funding from the International Campus of Excellence CYTEMA and the University of Castilla-La Mancha, throughout Ayudas para estancias en universidades y centros de investigación en el extranjero en 2019 en el ámbito del plan propio de investigación susceptibles de cofinanciación por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Programa 010100021 to fund her stays in the University of Minho during 2018 and 2019, respectively. The authors thank the support of the Department of Civil Engineering and the Laboratory of the Structural Division (LEST), University of Minh

Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) linkage mapping by AFLP fingerprinting

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) with multicolored fluorescent molecular markers was used to analyze duck (Anas platyrhynchos) genomic DNA and to construct the first AFLP genetic linkage map. These markers were developed and genotyped in 766 F2 individuals from six families from a cross between two different selected duck lines, brown Tsaiya and Pekin. Two hundred and ninety-six polymorphic bands (64% of all bands) were detected using 18 pairs of fluorescent TaqI/EcoRI primer combinations. Each primer set produced a range of 7 to 29 fragments in the reactions, and generated on average 16.4 polymorphic bands. The AFLP linkage map included 260 co-dominant markers distributed in 32 linkage groups. Twenty-one co-dominant markers were not linked with any other marker. Each linkage group contained three to 63 molecular markers and their size ranged between 19.0 cM and 171.9 cM. This AFLP linkage map provides important information for establishing a duck chromosome map, for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL mapping) and for breeding applications