Spatial Effects of ‘Mill’ Closures:Does Distance Matter?

When small towns experience a major infrastructure shock, such as a ‘mill’ closure, the effects can be devastating. We analyse the effects of two major freezing works closures in New Zealand, in Patea (1982) and Whakatu (1986). These two examples provide an interesting comparison: Whakatu is located close to a city, while Patea is relatively isolated. We describe the impacts of these shocks on population, employment and house values in each town, relative to two sets of comparators. These descriptions allow us to contrast long-run trends and adjustment dynamics resulting from the differing locations of both towns. We find that both towns experience negative population and employment impacts; however, consistent with benefits of a near-city location, the effects on Whakatu are mainly temporary, whereas the effects on Patea are more permanent. Population age-groups respond very differently to the shocks, in ways that are consistent with homeownership being a factor stifling migration responsiveness in the face of a shock. The results have implications for regional development policy choices with respect to infrastructure location and also for programmes designed to stimulate homeownership.Mill closures; rural infrastructure; homeownership

Homeownership, Social Capital and Parental Voice in Schooling

We use New Zealand school board of trustees data to examine whether schools where parents have high rates of homeownership experience high parental voting turnout in elections. We also investigate whether homeownership influences the probability that a school board proceeds to election, indicating parental willingness to serve as a school trustee. Similarly, we examine whether state-owned social housing rates affect these outcomes. We compile results initially without controlling for other factors, and then controlling for a wide range of other characteristics, to test the robustness of simple observed associations between homeownership and state-ownership rates and outcome variables. Our findings show no discernible effect of homeownership on parental voting turnout in school elections after controls are added (contrary to the simple positive association), but a (robust) positive impact of both homeownership and state-ownership rates on the probability that a school holds an election.homeownership, school elections, parental voice, social capital

The Winogradsky spontaneous culture method for determining certain soil deficiencies

Various chemical and biological methods have been suggested for the determination of the fertilizer needs of soils but all have been found to be of limited practical value. The search for a suitable method continues, however, and recently Winogradsky3 suggested a biological method which, by more nearly duplicating the conditions existing in the field, would give more accurate results. He devised what has been called the spontaneous culture test. This depends upon the growth of Azotobacter and possibly other aerobic, non-symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms on the surface of the soil, treated with a a carbohydrate, calcium carbonate, a phosphate and a potassium salt in varying amounts, separately and in combination and placed in plates. A greater development of colonies on a soil treated with calcium carbonate, phosphorus or potassium is assumed to indicate a need for the same constituent in the field. Some success has been reported4 by the use of this test for determining the fertilizer needs of soils, and further studies on it seem desirable

Color in advertising

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University, 1947. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

An Economic Analysis of Selected Impacts of the Lincoln County Rural Water System

There were many events leading to the development of the rural community water systems in South Dakota. These systems were instituted by state and federal legislation enabling organizations to form a political subdivision or incorporate for the purpose of distributing water in rural areas. Their development was encouraged by lean programs through the Farmers Home Administration, state government and other sources. Advances in technology, like the polyvinyl chloride pipe and new techniques for burying the pipe, reduced the cost of the systems so they became feasible in even sparsely populated areas in South Dakota. While these events make possible and encouraged the development of rural water systems, the initiative must be taken by a local organization to plan, build and operate a system

The Occupational Status Of Physical Education Graduates Of Prairie View College From 1942-1952

According to the belief of many of our administrators, Physical Education is playing , and it can be done at recess with a teacher appointed to watch over the play period. This was changed by the State Department of Texas, requiring one-fourth unit per semester for graduation from High School. Trained personnel had to be brought in with as many as twelve hours of training to teach Physical Education. Prairie View A. & M. College set up its Physical Education Department requiring thirty-two hours in Physical Education for a major and twenty hours for a minor in the field. Occupations are eliminated from the world of work, in the twinkling of an eye; from scientific laboratories, new vocations are constantly called into being. The nation, due to these enlightening changes, has become a neighborhood with common interests. Unemployment, once a crime, but now the concern of all, has to be even in times of prosperity - our most significant social problem. Yet, despite all these changes, social and economic, the responsibility remains with every individual to select an occupation and prepare for it. But due to the complexity of the task, and the lack of a background of experience from which to borrow, we become confused

Western rock lobster industry compensation study. Report to the Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee by Arthur Young Services.

Terms of reference are outlined in letter dated 11 August 1986. The Fisheries Department seeks to reduce western rock lobster fishing capacity to ensure the long-term viability of the fishery and has asked us to evaluate the financial implications of a number of specific resource management proposals