COMPARATIVO ENTRE DESINFETANTES UTILIZADOS NO PRE-DIPPING DE VACAS LEITEIRAS

The nutritional quality of milk can be changed at any stage of production, from feeding to processing. To maintain its microbiological quality, there are several effective methods, including pre-dipping, which consists of cleaning the cows’ teats before milking, minimizing contamination by microorganisms present in the environment and in the animal. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate three commercial products with different active ingredients used for pre-dipping and their disinfectant action on the microbiological load of the teats, in addition to the composition and quality of the milk. In this work nine animals of the Dutch breed were used, with an average daily production of 25 liters. The products evaluated for pre-dipping were based on lactic acid, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, with three formulations tested in four days, obtaining variables: microbiological evaluation of the skin of the teats and the milk produced, physical-chemical composition and somatic cell count in the milk (CCS). There were no significant differences for the treatments evaluated for total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria on the animals' skin teats. For counting of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in milk, there was a significant difference at 14 days of application of the product. Higher counts were observed in the milk of cows treated with sodium hypochlorite (4.5log10) in the pre-dipping. No statistical differences were observed for psychrophilic bacteria count in the milk or in physical-chemical composition of the milk and SCC, however the HS solution provided a higher bacterial count in the milk.A qualidade nutricional do leite pode ser alterada em qualquer fase de produção, da alimentação do animal até o processamento. Para a manutenção da sua qualidade microbiológica há vários métodos eficazes, dentre eles o pré-dipping, que consiste na higienização dos tetos das vacas antes da ordenha, minimizando a contaminação por microrganismos presentes no ambiente e no animal. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar três produtos comerciais com princípios ativos diferentes utilizados para o pré-dipping e sua ação desinfetante sobre a carga microbiológica dos tetos, além da composição e qualidade do leite. Nesse trabalho foram utilizados nove animais da raça holandesa, com produção média diária de 25 litros. Os produtos avaliados para o pré-dipping foram à base de ácido lático, clorexidina e hipoclorito de sódio. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, sendo três formulações testadas em quatro dias, obtendo variáveis: avaliação microbiológica da pele dos tetos e do leite, composição físico-química e contagem de células somáticas no leite (CCS). Não ocorreram diferenças significativas para os tratamentos avaliados para contagem total de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas na pele dos tetos dos animais. Para contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas no leite, houve diferença significativa aos 14 dias de aplicação do produto. Maiores contagens foram observadas no leite de vacas tratadas com hipoclorito de sódio (4,5log10) no pré-diping. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para contagem de bactérias psicrófilas no leite nem para a composição físico-química do leite e CCS, entretanto a solução de HS propiciou maior contagem bacteriana no leite

Antioxidant action in diets with ground soybeans on ruminal microbial production, digestion, and fermentation in buffaloes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding ground soybeans and antioxidants to diet of buffaloes on intake, ruminal microbial production, total and ruminal digestibility of nutrients, and ruminal fermentation parameters. Four crossbred buffaloes with a mean weight of 506±29 kg were distributed in a 4×4 Latin square. Four diets were tested: control; diet with ground soybeans; diet with ground soybeans and supplementation with yerba mate; and diet with ground soybeans and supplementation with yerba mate and vitamin E. The addition of ground soybeans had negative effects on intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, as well as ruminal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and total carbohydrates but did not influence total digestibility of nutrients. Yet, the ground soybeans diet increased the concentration of butyrate and microbial production in the rumen. The diet with ground soybeans supplemented with yerba mate decreased the concentration of acetate and increased the concentration of propionate and increased the efficiency of synthesis and the production of microbial protein in the rumen. There was a positive additive effect of vitamin E in the presence of yerba mate, enhancing the synthesis and production efficiency of microbial protein. Thus, the addition of ground soybeans and antioxidants to diet of buffaloes improves the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and increases the production of butyrate, without, in general, altering the total digestibility of nutrient

Comportamento ingestivo de novilhas Nelore em pastejo recebendo suplemento a base de própolis ou monensina sódica

We evaluated the effect of additives the basis of propolis and monensin on ingestive behavior (grazing -GRA, rumination lying -RLY, rumination in foot -RFO, rumination -RUM; idleness lying -ILY, idleness in standing -IDS, idleness -IDL, walking -WAL, posture standing -POS, posture lying -PLY, intake of supplement and water -ISW) of heifers in Tifton 85 grazing. The treatments were: no additive (NAD); propolis - PRO (33.24 mg animal-1 of total flavonoid in apigenin), and monensin -MON (100 mg animal(-1)). Were used five heifers treatment(-1) for evaluation of ingestive behavior during 12 hours of total valuation, which was divided into three periods. Used a factorial design into 3 x 3 for evaluation of ingestive behavior as a function of the evaluation periods. Were utilized three paddocks of 2.9 acres of grass Tifton 85. The additives and mineral supplement (50 g animal(-1)) were provided with 200 g of corn meal to 17 hours. For all activities of the ingestive behaviors observed the effect of period on the time spent on of different activities. The activities of GRA and ISW were higher in the third period (15hours to 19hours) compared to the first period (7hours at 11hours). For IDL and PLY, there was a higher time in minutes for heifers treatment with PRO in the period of 7hours at 11hours, compared to other treatments (NAD and MON). Thus, it is concluded that the use of the additive based on propolis enables sodium monensin replacement, to heifers maintained on pasture without changing eating behavior as well as providing greater idleness during the day the without affecting animal performance

Effects of phenolic compounds in propolis on digestive and ruminal parameters in dairy cows

Four rumen-cannulated primiparous lactating cows were studied in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the effects of propolis-based products (PBP) with different concentrations of propolis and alcohol levels on total digestibility, (TD), ruminal digestibility (RD), intestinal digestibility (ID), pH, ruminal ammonia-nitrogen production (NH3-N), rumen microbial synthesis, and blood parameters. The feed consisted of 591.9 g/kg corn silage and 408.1 g/kg concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis), and treatments differed with regard to the inclusion (via ruminal cannula) or exclusion of PBP as follows: control (without the PBP), PBP B1 (3.81 mg of phenolic compounds/kg of ingested DM), PBP C1 (3.27 mg of phenolic compounds/kg of ingested DM), and PBP C3 (1.93 mg of phenolic compounds/kg of ingested DM). Inclusion of PBP reduced the RD of dietary crude protein (CP). Treatment PBP C1 reduced ruminal NH3-N production, while PBP B1 increased the ID of CP relative to that in the control. These findings indicate that propolis had a positive effect on rumen nitrogen metabolism. Rumen pH, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, and blood parameters were not affected by addition of PBP, but there were significant effects on the other parameters when the treatments containing propolis were contrasted. Higher TD of DM (0.717 vs. 0.685), OM (0.737 vs. 0.703), and CP (0.760 vs. 0.739), as well as higher NDF (0.622 vs. 0.558) and TDN (0.747 vs. 0.712) were observed when comparing PBP C1 with C3. Inclusion of propolis in diets for dairy cows have positive effects on protein metabolism in the rumen. Variation in the amounts of phenolic compounds in the different PBP may explain the diverse effects on the digestive parameters evaluated