古代中国の社会と福祉

In this paper I will argue that based on the archeological literature, ancient China was of utilizedgovernment assistance. The concept“ welfare” was first noted in Han shi waizhuan , a Chinese classic, inthe third century B.C., where it is solely realized through the fair operation of law and impartialadministration following rei . The literature shows that the government of the time provided assistance toseveral groups recommended welfare measurements—development for employments of disabled people,vocational training of the poor, and preferential treatments of the old. It also recommended thatgovernment bureaucrats should give support to the socially weak. These policies of assistance in ancientChinese society are ones which can be seen in the current society

Resistive Heating Induced by Streaming Cosmic Rays Around a Galaxy in the Early Universe

It is expected that cosmic rays (CRs) escape from high-redshift galaxies at redshift $z\sim 10 \, - \, 20$ because CRs are accelerated by supernova remnants of the first stars. Although ultraviolet and X-ray photons are widely considered the main source of heating of the intergalactic medium, CRs can also contribute to it. When the CRs propagate in the intergalactic medium, in addition to the heating process due to CR ionization, resistive heating occurs due to the electron return current induced by the streaming CRs. We evaluate the heating rate around a galaxy as a function of the distance from the galaxy. We find that the resistive heating induced by CRs dominates over the other heating processes in the vicinity of the galaxy $r \lesssim 10^2 \, \mathrm{kpc}$ until the temperature reaches $T\sim 10^4 \, \mathrm{K}$. We also recalculate the strength of the magnetic field generated by streaming CRs under the presence of X-ray heating and show that achieved strength can be about $1$ order of magnitude smaller when the X-ray heating is included. The presence of the "first" CRs could be confirmed from the characteristic signature of CR heating imprinted on the $21$-$\mathrm{cm}$ line map in future radio observations.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to MNRA

Identification of putative domain linkers by a neural network – application to a large sequence database

BACKGROUND: The reliable dissection of large proteins into structural domains represents an important issue for structural genomics/proteomics projects. To provide a practical approach to this issue, we tested the ability of neural network to identify domain linkers from the SWISSPROT database (101602 sequences). RESULTS: Our search detected 3009 putative domain linkers adjacent to or overlapping with domains, as defined by sequence similarity to either Protein Data Bank (PDB) or Conserved Domain Database (CDD) sequences. Among these putative linkers, 75% were "correctly" located within 20 residues of a domain terminus, and the remaining 25% were found in the middle of a domain, and probably represented failed predictions. Moreover, our neural network predicted 5124 putative domain linkers in structurally un-annotated regions without sequence similarity to PDB or CDD sequences, which suggest to the possible existence of novel structural domains. As a comparison, we performed the same analysis by identifying low-complexity regions (LCR), which are known to encode unstructured polypeptide segments, and observed that the fraction of LCRs that correlate with domain termini is similar to that of domain linkers. However, domain linkers and LCRs appeared to identify different types of domain boundary regions, as only 32% of the putative domain linkers overlapped with LCRs. CONCLUSION: Overall, our study indicates that the two methods detect independent and complementary regions, and that the combination of these methods can substantially improve the sensitivity of the domain boundary prediction. This finding should enable the identification of novel structural domains, yielding new targets for large scale protein analyses

古代中国における法家思想に関する研究 : 法に反する君主の恣意的行為への対応を中心として

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(文学)Doctor of Philosophydoctora

アタラシイ チュウゴクゴ キョウイク ニツイテノ ジッセン ト テイアン : ビデオ キョウザイ ノ リヨウ ト オンセイ ニュウリョク ノ カノウセイ

近年急速に進められている大学改革の一環として語学教育のあり方も社会及び学生のニーズに応じてコミュニケーション能力の収得を重視する方向で見直さなければならない。そこで有馬は現状で可能なビデオ教材を使用した語学教育を実践しその学習効果と問題点を明らかにし、横山は近い将来教育の現場に広く導入されるであろうコンピューターを利用した語学教育の可能性を明らかにした

Ultrasonic Doppler Speed Sensor for Agricultural Vehicles: Effects of Pitch Angle and Measurements of Velocity Vector Components

High-precision ground speed sensors could be used as a component of navigation or control systems for agricultural vehicles. This paper describes the characteristics of the speed sensor developed by the authors, focusing on the effects of pitch angle. For this purpose, experiments were carried out at various sensor depression angles. The results showed that the output was almost the same as the theoretical value for depression angles of 40 to 50 degrees, although the measurement error was relatively large in the case of artificial turf with short pile. Measurement tests at various angles between the traveling direction and the sensor direction in the horizontal plane were also carried out to determine the possibility of velocity vector measurement including sideslip. It was estimated that the measurement error would be within 3% of the absolute velocity in any direction. The results suggested that it is possible to measure the velocity vector without the effects of pitch angle by using multiple sensors facing in different directions

The Origin of Ripples in Cool Cores of Galaxy Clusters: Heating by MHD Waves?

We consider MHD waves as a heating source of cool cores of galaxy clusters. In particular, we focus on transverse waves (Alfven waves), because they can propagate a longer distance than longitudinal waves (sound waves). Using MHD simulations, we found that the transverse waves can stably heat a cool core if the wave period is large enough (>~ 10^8 yr). Moreover, the longitudinal waves that are created as a by-product of the nonlinear evolution of the transverse waves could be observed as the 'ripples' found in cool cores.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Membrane Incorporation, Channel Formation, and Disruption of Calcium Homeostasis by Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Protein

Oligomerization, conformational changes, and the consequent neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's β-amyloid protein (AβP) play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mounting evidence suggests that oligomeric AβPs cause the disruption of calcium homeostasis, eventually leading to neuronal death. We have demonstrated that oligomeric AβPs directly incorporate into neuronal membranes, form cation-sensitive ion channels (“amyloid channels”), and cause the disruption of calcium homeostasis via the amyloid channels. Other disease-related amyloidogenic proteins, such as prion protein in prion diseases or α-synuclein in dementia with Lewy bodies, exhibit similarities in the incorporation into membranes and the formation of calcium-permeable channels. Here, based on our experimental results and those of numerous other studies, we review the current understanding of the direct binding of AβP into membrane surfaces and the formation of calcium-permeable channels. The implication of composition of membrane lipids and the possible development of new drugs by influencing membrane properties and attenuating amyloid channels for the treatment and prevention of AD is also discussed

地方都市におけるスクールソーシャルワークの現状と今後の展開について

In this paper I will review how the Ministry of Education has put school social workers into practical use in Miyazaki Prefecture since 2008 and show how the prefecture has worked on the project thus far. Then some challenges that the ministry has faced will be pointed out and several solutions and how to carry them out will be proposed. Currently school teachers are too busy and this fact leads to various problems occurring. With this in mind, it will be suggested that the introduction of volunteers into schools as part of a development of societal resources can help eliminate manpower shortages. As a specific example of this, the introduction of a volunteer group of local company retirees into one particular junior high school allowed school teachers there to be able to concentrate more on their daily duties

Effect of keishibukuryogan on genetic and dietary obesity models

Obesity has been recognized as one of the most important risk factors for a variety of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension/cardiovascular diseases, steatosis/hepatitis, and cancer. Keishibukuryogan (KBG, Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan in Chinese) is a traditional Chinese/Japanese (Kampo) medicine that has been known to improve blood circulation and is also known for its anti-inflammatory or scavenging effect. In this study, we evaluated the effect of KBG in two distinct rodent models of obesity driven by either a genetic (SHR/NDmcr-cp rat model) or dietary (high-fat diet-induced mouse obesity model) mechanism. Although there was no significant effect on the body composition in either the SHR rat or the DIO mouse models, KBG treatment significantly decreased the serum level of leptin and liver TG level in the DIO mouse, but not in the SHR rat model. Furthermore, a lower fat deposition in liver and a smaller size of adipocytes in white adipose tissue were observed in the DIO mice treated with KBG. Importantly, we further found downregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the KBG-treated liver, along with decreased liver TG and cholesterol level. Our present data experimentally support in fact that KBG can be an attractive Kampo medicine to improve obese status through a regulation of systemic leptin level and/or lipid metabolism