Majör Depresif Bozukluğu Olan Ergenlerde İntihar Girişimi

Aim:In this study, we aimed to assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), with and without suicide attempts, as well as to investigate the factors predicting suicide attempts.Materials and Methods:This study included 151 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years, who were diagnosed with MDD between January 2021 and June 2022. This study has a retrospective design, and data including family sociodemographic characteristics, suicide attempts and characteristics, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) attempts, history of abuse, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and scores on depression and anxiety scales were extracted from the cases’ polyclinic records. The participants were divided into two groups as those with suicide attempts (n=40) and those without suicide attempts (NSSI n=111), and the sociodemographic and clinical data were compared between the groups. In addition, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors for suicide attempts.Results:The results of the study revealed that the suicide attempt group had a higher age (p=0.023), less maternal years of education (p=0.026), higher rates of self-injurious behavior (p<0.001), more severe depression (p=0.021) and anxiety (p=0.018) symptoms, and higher rates of history of childhood abuse (p=0.001). The binary logistic regression analysis performed to predict suicide attempts in those with an MDD diagnosis determined NSSI and history of abuse to be predictors.Conclusion:A better understanding of predictive factors of suicide attempts in adolescents with depression may help establish targets for early intervention and inform more effective prevention strategies. Particularly, the presence of self-injurious behaviors and history of childhood abuse should be warning for suicide attempts

Peat Use in Horticulture

Peat is a spongy substance which is an effect of incomplete decomposition of plant residues in different stages of decomposition. Between the several organic matters which are used as substrate for horticultural plants cultivation in soilless conditions, peat is the unabandonable ingredient for mixtures for commercial production of plants. Peat is used in horticulture as a component of garden plant substrates, in agriculture for the production of garden soil and as an organic fertilizer, and in balneology as a material for baths and wraps. The use of peat for agriculture and horticulture is determined by the following quality parameters: the degree of decomposition, ash content, pH, the presence of carbonates, the density of the solid phase, bulk density, and porosity. As an organic material, the peat forms in the acidic, waterlogged, and sterile conditions of fens and bogs. The conditions seem like the development of mosses. The plants do not compose as they die. Instead of this, the organic matter is laid down and accumulates in a slow time as peat due to the oxygen deficiency in the bog. This makes peat a highly productive growing medium. In the present novel review, we discuss the peat use in horticulture

An Investigation Of Item Bias Of Mathematics Subtest In 2012 Year Level Determination Exam

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'nın 2012 yılında sekizinci sınıflar için yapmış olduğu Seviye Belirleme Sınav'ında yer alan matematik alt testi maddelerinin cinsiyet ve okul türü değişkenlerine göre değişen madde fonksiyonu (DMF) gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek, DMF gösteren maddelerin yanlılık durumlarını incelemektir. Çalışmada DMF analizleri için Mantel Haenszel (MH) ve Lojistik Regresyon (LR) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Cinsiyete göre MH ve LR yöntemleriyle yapılan DMF analizi sonuçlarına göre testte önemli düzeyde DMF gösteren 2 madde tespit edilmiştir. Okul türü analiz sonuçlarında LR yöntemi ile önemli düzeyde DMF gösteren madde bulunmazken, MH yöntemi ile 4 tane B düzeyinde ve bir tane C düzeyinde olmak üzere toplam 5 maddenin özel okul öğrencileri lehine çalıştığı belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyete göre her iki yöntemle yapılan DMF analiz sonuçlarına göre yöntemlerin DMF belirlemede düzeyleri de dikkate alarak yüksek bir uyum gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Okul türüne göre yapılan DMF analiz sonuçlarına göre ise yöntemlerin A düzeyinde DMF gösteren maddelerin belirlenmesinde yüksek düzeyde uyum gösterdiği, B ve C düzeyinde maddelerin belirlenmesinde ise uyum göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Yöntemlerce belirlenen DMF büyüklük sıralamaları arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı Spearman Brown sıra farkları korelasyon katsayıları ile incelenmiştir. Cinsiyete göre yapılan DMF analizleri için DMF büyüklüklerinin sıralamaları arasında yöntemlerin yüksek düzeyde uyum (ilişki) gösterdiği, okul türüne göre yapılan DMF analiz sonuçları için ise yöntemler arasında DMF büyüklüğü sıralamaları açısından uyum olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Madde yanlılığının araştırılması sürecinde önemli düzeyde DMF gösterdiği belirlenen maddelerin DMF gösterme nedenleri Delphi tekniğiyle belirlenmiştir. Delphi panelleri sonucunda cinsiyete göre DMF gösteren maddeler için 7, okul türüne göre DMF gösteren maddeler için ise 15 olmak üzere toplam 22 DMF kaynağında uzlaşma sağlanmıştır. Son olarak DMF kaynaklarının madde yanlılığı gerekçesi olup olmadığı madde yanlılığı uzman paneli yapılarak incelenmiştir. Madde yanlılığı uzman paneli analiz sonuçlarına göre cinsiyete göre bir maddenin, okul türüne göre ise iki maddenin yanlılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.The purpose of this study is to determine whether items of mathematics subtest in 2012 year 8th Grade Level Determination Exam (LDE) administered by the ministry of education indicate differential item functioning (DIF) in terms of the gender and school types, and to examine biasness case of the items that indicating DIF. In this study Mantel Haenszel (MH) and Logistic Regression (LR) methods were used for analysis of DIF. According to results of DIF analyzed with MH and LR methods in terms of the gender variable, two items indicating significant level DIF were detected. In terms of school types analysis, while it was found that no items had DIF at B and C level with LR method, a total of 5 items including four of them were at B level and one of them was C level in favor of private school have been found with MH method. According to the results of DIF analysis in terms of gender, it was determined that both of the methods adjusted highly about DIF level and detected total item numbers having DIF. According to the results of DIF analysis in terms of school type, it was seen that both of methods adjusted highly when determining of items having DIF at A level, and did not adjust in determination of items having DIF at B and C level. Spearman Brown's rank correlation coefficients were used for determination whether MH and LR methods correlated in terms of DIF size rank. While there was a high correlation between DIF size rank of methods according to the results of DIF analysis in terms of gender, there was no correlation between DIF size rank of methods according to results of analysis in terms of school types. In the process of item bias, Delphi technique was used for determination why the items having significant level DIF showed DIF. The results of Delphi panels showed that they agreed on totally 22 DIF source including 7 items having DIF in terms of gender and 15 ones in terms of school type. Finally whether the sources of DIF were a reason for item bias was examined with item bias expert panel. According to results of the analysis of item bias expert panel, it was seen that one item is bias in terms of gender and two items are bias in terms of school types

Using the Delphi Technique and Focus-Group Interviews to Determine Item Bias on the Mathematics Section of the Level Determination Exam for 2012

The aim of this study is to determine whether items from the mathematics section of the 2012 Level Determination Exam indicate item bias according to gender and school type. In particular, the process of item bias has been determined using the Delphi technique and focus group interviews. A two-stage mixed method research has been used for the study. While the first stage consists of identifying items that display differential item functioning (DIF) according to gender and school type, the second stage consists of determining the sources of DIF using the Delphi technique and examining through a focus-group interview which DIF sources lead to item bias. Mantel-Haenszel and logistic regression methods have been used for DIF analysis. While two items with significant DIF were detected according to gender, five items in favor of private schools were detected according to school type. In the process of item bias, the reasons why items display DIF have been determined using the Delphi technique, and 22 DIF sources were agreed upon. Finally, an expert panel was made to examine whether the DIF sources are grounds for item bias or not. According to the panel of experts, one item according to gender and two items according to the school type have been determined to show bias

Bacterial Dynamics of Hardaliye, a Fermented Grape Beverage, Determined by High-throughput Sequencing

Hardaliye is a traditional beverage produced by fermenting red grapes with mustard seeds and sour cherry leaves in the Thrace region of Turkey. Few studies have been conducted that have determined the microorganisms responsible for hardaliye fermentation, and those that have are limited to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) using culture-dependent techniques. This study aims to determine the bacterial dynamics of hardaliye fermentation using a culture-independent approach, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. Hardaliye was produced using the traditional method, and samples were taken and analyzed on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 of fermentation. During the fermentation period, the pH decreased from 3.65 to 3.23. Amplicon sequencing showed that bacterial diversity was highest at 2 d, and lowest at 10 d, the final day. Although Enterobacteriaceae was the most dominant family at 0 and 2 d, Acetobacteriaceae, specifically Gluconobacter frateurii, became dominant with ~50% relative abundance at 4 d, and increased its abundance to >98% at 6 and 10 d. Although a slight increase in the relative abundance of ~1% (0 d) to ~5% (4 d) was observed in LAB, their presence was limited. This study showed that acetic acid bacteria should not be overlooked in hardaliye fermentation