3,756 research outputs found
A Computational Study of the Weak Galerkin Method for Second-Order Elliptic Equations
The weak Galerkin finite element method is a novel numerical method that was
first proposed and analyzed by Wang and Ye for general second order elliptic
problems on triangular meshes. The goal of this paper is to conduct a
computational investigation for the weak Galerkin method for various model
problems with more general finite element partitions. The numerical results
confirm the theory established by Wang and Ye. The results also indicate that
the weak Galerkin method is efficient, robust, and reliable in scientific
computing.Comment: 19 page
Selection at Multiple Checkpoints Focuses VH12 B Cell Differentiation toward a Single B-1 Cell Specificity
Phosphatidyl choline (PtC)-specific B cells segregate to the B-1 subset, where they comprise up to 10% of the B-1 repertoire. About half express VH12 and Vκ4/5H and are restricted in VHCDR3. We have previously reported that anti-PtC VHCDR3 is enriched among VH12-expressing cells by selective elimination of pre-B cells. We report here a bias for Vκ4/5H expression among VH12-expressing B cells, even among those that do not bind PtC and are not B-1. This is due in part to an inability of VH12 to associate with many light (L) chains but must also be due to a selective advantage in survival or clonal expansion in the periphery for Vκ4/5H-expressing cells. Thus, the bias for Vκ4/5H expression is independent of PtC binding, and, as segregation to B-1 occurs after Ig gene expression, it precedes segregation to the B-1 subset. In 6-1 mice, splenic B-1 cells reside in follicles but segregate to follicles distinct from those that contain B-2 cells. These data indicate that selection at multiple developmental checkpoints ensures the co-expression of an anti-PtC VHCDR3 and L chain in a high frequency of VH12 B cells. This focus toward specificity for PtC facilitates the development of a large anti-PtC B-1 repertoire
A Review of Academic Literature on Internal Control Reporting Under SOX
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) mandates reporting on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) by public company management and auditors. Such reporting began for fiscal years ended Nov 15, 2004 for accelerated filers and is scheduled to be fully implemented for non-accelerated filers in mid-2010. Section 404(a) of SOX requires public company management to include an assessment of the effectiveness of the company\u27s ICFR in its annual internal control report, and Section 404(b) requires attestation by the company\u27s auditor. The authors review the literature on internal control reporting under both Sections 302 and 404 in the post-SOX period. The internal control literature has grown substantially since the passage of SOX due to the availability of data regarding ICFR effectiveness that were not previously available. They conducted a literature search through mid-2009 resulting in the inclusion of many published papers and working papers that address ICFR issues covered in our taxonomy
A Multi-resolution Model for Histopathology Image Classification and Localization with Multiple Instance Learning
Histopathological images provide rich information for disease diagnosis.
Large numbers of histopathological images have been digitized into high
resolution whole slide images, opening opportunities in developing
computational image analysis tools to reduce pathologists' workload and
potentially improve inter- and intra- observer agreement. Most previous work on
whole slide image analysis has focused on classification or segmentation of
small pre-selected regions-of-interest, which requires fine-grained annotation
and is non-trivial to extend for large-scale whole slide analysis. In this
paper, we proposed a multi-resolution multiple instance learning model that
leverages saliency maps to detect suspicious regions for fine-grained grade
prediction. Instead of relying on expensive region- or pixel-level annotations,
our model can be trained end-to-end with only slide-level labels. The model is
developed on a large-scale prostate biopsy dataset containing 20,229 slides
from 830 patients. The model achieved 92.7% accuracy, 81.8% Cohen's Kappa for
benign, low grade (i.e. Grade group 1) and high grade (i.e. Grade group >= 2)
prediction, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)
of 98.2% and an average precision (AP) of 97.4% for differentiating malignant
and benign slides. The model obtained an AUROC of 99.4% and an AP of 99.8% for
cancer detection on an external dataset.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Topological approach of characterizing optical Skyrmions and Skyrmion lattices
The Skyrmion number of paraxial optical Skyrmions can be defined solely via
their polarization singularities and associated winding numbers, using a
mathematical derivation that exploits Stokes's theorem. It is demonstrated that
this definition provides a robust way to extract the Skyrmion number from
experimental data, as illustrated for a variety of optical (N\'eel-type)
Skyrmions and bimerons, and their corresponding lattices. This method generates
not only an increase in accuracy, but also provides an intuitive geometrical
approach to understanding the topology of such quasi-particles of light, and
their robustness against smooth transformations
The CLEO-III Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector
The CLEO-III Detector upgrade for charged particle identification is
discussed. The RICH design uses solid LiF crystal radiators coupled with
multi-wire chamber photon detectors, using TEA as the photosensor, and
low-noise Viking readout electronics. Results from our beam test at Fermilab
are presented.Comment: Invited talk by R.J. Mountain at ``The 3rd International Workshop on
Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors," a research workshop of the Israel Science
Foundation, Ein-Gedi, Dead-Sea, Israel, Nov. 15-20, 1998, 14 pages, 9 figure
Independent Evaluation of Phase 1 of the Affordable Medicines Facility - malaria (AMFm), Multi-Country Independent Evaluation Final Report
The success of malaria control efforts depends on a high level of coverage in the use of effective antimalarials such as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). Although these anti-malarials have been procured in large amounts by countries, evidence suggests that
ACT use still remains far below target levels. In response to this issue, the Affordable Medicines Facility – malaria (AMFm) hosted by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) was set up. AMFm comprises three key elements: (i) price reductions through negotiations with ACT manufacturers; (ii) a buyer subsidy through a ‘co-payment’ for ACTs at the top of the global supply chain; and (iii) supporting interventions to promote appropriate use of ACTs. Examples of these supporting interventions include training providers and outreach to communities to promote ACT use. All ACTs subsidized through AMFm bear a green leaf logo on their packaging. The four main objectives of AMFm are to: (i) increase ACT affordability; (ii) increase ACT availability; (iii) increase ACT use, including among vulnerable groups; and (iv) “crowd out” oral artemisinin monotherapies, chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) by increasing the market share for ACTs
Selection at Multiple Checkpoints Focuses V H 12 B Cell Differentiation toward a Single B-1 Cell Specificity
Phosphatidyl choline (PtC)-specific B cells segregate to the B-1 subset, where they comprise up to 10% of the B-1 repertoire. About half express VH12 and Vκ4/5H and are restricted in VHCDR3. We have previously reported that anti-PtC VHCDR3 is enriched among VH12-expressing cells by selective elimination of pre-B cells. We report here a bias for Vκ4/5H expression among VH12-expressing B cells, even among those that do not bind PtC and are not B-1. This is due in part to an inability of VH12 to associate with many light (L) chains but must also be due to a selective advantage in survival or clonal expansion in the periphery for Vκ4/5H-expressing cells. Thus, the bias for Vκ4/5H expression is independent of PtC binding, and, as segregation to B-1 occurs after Ig gene expression, it precedes segregation to the B-1 subset. In 6-1 mice, splenic B-1 cells reside in follicles but segregate to follicles distinct from those that contain B-2 cells. These data indicate that selection at multiple developmental checkpoints ensures the co-expression of an anti-PtC VHCDR3 and L chain in a high frequency of VH12 B cells. This focus toward specificity for PtC facilitates the development of a large anti-PtC B-1 repertoire
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