Characterizations of ordered semigroups in terms of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals

In this paper, we give characterizations of ordered semigroups in terms of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals. We characterize different classes regular (resp. intra-regular, simple and semisimple) ordered semigroups in terms of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals (resp. (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy ideals). In this regard, we prove that in regular (resp. intra-regular and semisimple) ordered semigroups the concept of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy ideals and (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals coincide. We prove that an ordered semigroup S is simple if and only if it is (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy simple. We characterize intra-regular (resp. semisimple) ordered semigroups in terms of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy ideals (resp. (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals). Finally, we consider the concept of implication-based fuzzy interior ideals in an ordered semigroup, in particular, the implication operators in Lukasiewicz system of continuous-valued logic are discussed

A mathematical model of quorum sensing regulated EPS production in biofilm communities

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Biofilms are microbial communities encased in a layer of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS matrix provides several functional purposes for the biofilm, such as protecting bacteria from environmental stresses, and providing mechanical stability. Quorum sensing is a cell-cell communication mechanism used by several bacterial taxa to coordinate gene expression and behaviour in groups, based on population densities.</p> <p>Model</p> <p>We mathematically model quorum sensing and EPS production in a growing biofilm under various environmental conditions, to study how a developing biofilm impacts quorum sensing, and conversely, how a biofilm is affected by quorum sensing-regulated EPS production. We investigate circumstances when using quorum-sensing regulated EPS production is a beneficial strategy for biofilm cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We find that biofilms that use quorum sensing to induce increased EPS production do not obtain the high cell populations of low-EPS producers, but can rapidly increase their volume to parallel high-EPS producers. Quorum sensing-induced EPS production allows a biofilm to switch behaviours, from a colonization mode (with an optimized growth rate), to a protection mode.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A biofilm will benefit from using quorum sensing-induced EPS production if bacteria cells have the objective of acquiring a thick, protective layer of EPS, or if they wish to clog their environment with biomass as a means of securing nutrient supply and outcompeting other colonies in the channel, of their own or a different species.</p

Nucleases as a barrier to gene silencing in the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-04T23:23:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 journal.pone.0189600.pdf: 7131320 bytes, checksum: ece3da5d8a008843e58701868100618d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-04bitstream/item/170309/1/journal.pone.0189600.pd

DETEKSI KERAGAMAN VIRUS TUNGRO DARI BEBERAPA DAERAH ENDEMIS DI INDONESIA DENGAN TEKNIK PCR-RFLP = DETECTION OF VARIABILITY IN RICE TUNGRO VIRUS FROM SEVERAL ENDEMIC AREAS IN INDONESIA BY PCR-RFLP TECHNIQUE

Tungro is one of rice disease caused by two different viruses (rice tungro virus=RTV) i.e. Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) that are transmitted only by green leafhopper. Tungro had become a serious problem in several rice productions centre in Indonesia. Various components of management effort have been applied but they were inefficient in preventing the tungro disease development. Resistance variety is the most efficient component to tungro disease management. Complexity interactions of tungro disease components are mayor constraint in tungro disease management. Detection of molecular variability in rice tungro virus from several endemic areas in Indonesia were conducted by using PCR-RFLP technique. Existence of RTBV and RTSV in the infected plants collectedfrom several endemic areas were successfully detected by PCR. TheRFLP analysis with restriction enzymes BstYI and HindIII showed that there were significant difference among the RTSV originated from Java, Bali and Sulawesi. Tungro merupakan salah satu penyakit padi yang disebabkanoleh dua virus (rice tungrovirus = RTV)yang berbeda yaitu Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) dan Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) yang keduanya hanya dapat ditularkan oleh wereng hijau. Tungro menjadi masalah serius di beberapa sentra produksi padi di Indonesia. Berbagai usaha pengendalian telah dilakukan tetapi belum dapat mencegah dan mengatasi perkembanganpenyakit tungro secara efisien.Varietastahan merupakankomponen pengendaliantungro yang paling efektif. Komplek sitasinteraksi penyebab penyakit tungro merupakan kendala utama dalam usaha pengendalian penyakit tungro. Melalui pendekatan molekuler telah dilakukan deteksi dan analisis keragaman virus tungro dari beberapa daerah endemis di Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis PCR dengan spesifik primer telah berhasil dideteksi keberadaan RTBV dan RTSV dari tanaman terinfeksi yang dikoleksi dari beberapa daerah endemis. Hasil analisis RFLP dengan enzim restriksi Bstfl dan Hind III menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik antara RTSV yang berasal dari Jawa, Bali dan Sulawesi