Intracellular interferons in fish : a unique means to combat viral infection

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Gig1, a novel antiviral effector involved in fish interferon response

Vertebrate interferon (IFN) response defenses against viral infection through the induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Most ISGs are conserved across vertebrates; however, little is known about the species-specific ISGs. In this study, we reported that grass carp reovirus (GCRV)-induced gene 1 (Gig1), previously screened as a virus-induced gene from UV-inactivated GCRV-infected crucian carp (Carassius auratus) blastulae embryonic (CAB) cells, was a typical fish ISG, which was significantly induced by intracellular poly(I:C) through retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors-triggered IFN signaling pathway. Transient or stable overexpression of Gig1 prevented GCRV replication efficiently in cultured fish cells. Strikingly, Gig1 homologs were found exclusively in fish species forming a novel gene family. These results illustrate that there exists a Gig1 gene family unique to fish species and the founding gene mediates a novel fish IFN antiviral pathway. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Vertebrate interferon (IFN) response defenses against viral infection through the induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Most ISGs are conserved across vertebrates; however, little is known about the species-specific ISGs. In this study, we reported that grass carp reovirus (GCRV)-induced gene 1 (Gig1), previously screened as a virus-induced gene from UV-inactivated GCRV-infected crucian carp (Carassius auratus) blastulae embryonic (CAB) cells, was a typical fish ISG, which was significantly induced by intracellular poly(I:C) through retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors-triggered IFN signaling pathway. Transient or stable overexpression of Gig1 prevented GCRV replication efficiently in cultured fish cells. Strikingly, Gig1 homologs were found exclusively in fish species forming a novel gene family. These results illustrate that there exists a Gig1 gene family unique to fish species and the founding gene mediates a novel fish IFN antiviral pathway. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Characterizations of ordered semigroups in terms of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals

In this paper, we give characterizations of ordered semigroups in terms of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals. We characterize different classes regular (resp. intra-regular, simple and semisimple) ordered semigroups in terms of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals (resp. (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy ideals). In this regard, we prove that in regular (resp. intra-regular and semisimple) ordered semigroups the concept of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy ideals and (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals coincide. We prove that an ordered semigroup S is simple if and only if it is (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy simple. We characterize intra-regular (resp. semisimple) ordered semigroups in terms of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy ideals (resp. (∈, ∈ ∨q)-fuzzy interior ideals). Finally, we consider the concept of implication-based fuzzy interior ideals in an ordered semigroup, in particular, the implication operators in Lukasiewicz system of continuous-valued logic are discussed

Decision Support System for the Response to Infectious Disease Emergencies Based on WebGIS and Mobile Services in China

Background: For years, emerging infectious diseases have appeared worldwide and threatened the health of people. The emergence and spread of an infectious-disease outbreak are usually unforeseen, and have the features of suddenness and uncertainty. Timely understanding of basic information in the field, and the collection and analysis of epidemiological information, is helpful in making rapid decisions and responding to an infectious-disease emergency. Therefore, it is necessary to have an unobstructed channel and convenient tool for the collection and analysis of epidemiologic information in the field. Methodology/Principal Findings: Baseline information for each county in mainland China was collected and a database was established by geo-coding information on a digital map of county boundaries throughout the country. Google Maps was used to display geographic information and to conduct calculations related to maps, and the 3G wireless network was used to transmit information collected in the field to the server. This study established a decision support system for the response to infectious-disease emergencies based on WebGIS and mobile services (DSSRIDE). The DSSRIDE provides functions including data collection, communication and analyses in real time, epidemiological detection, the provision of customized epidemiological questionnaires and guides for handling infectious disease emergencies, and the querying of professional knowledge in the field. These functions of the DSSRIDE could be helpful for epidemiological investigations in the field and the handling of infectious-disease emergencies. Conclusions/Significance: The DSSRIDE provides a geographic information platform based on the Google Maps application programming interface to display information of infectious disease emergencies, and transfers information between workers in the field and decision makers through wireless transmission based on personal computers, mobile phones and personal digital assistants. After a 2-year practice and application in infectious disease emergencies, the DSSRIDE is becoming a useful platform and is a useful tool for investigations in the field carried out by response sections and individuals. The system is suitable for use in developing countries and low-income districts

Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2, -1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012

On the fixed point theory of soft metric spaces

[EN] The aim of this paper is to show that a soft metric induces a compatible metric on the collection of all soft points of the absolute soft set, when the set of parameters is a finite set. We then show that soft metric extensions of several important fixed point theorems for metric spaces can be directly deduced from comparable existing results. We also present some examples to validate and illustrate our approach.Salvador Romaguera thanks the support of Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain, Grant MTM2012-37894-C02-01.Abbas, M.; Murtaza, G.; Romaguera Bonilla, S. (2016). On the fixed point theory of soft metric spaces. Fixed Point Theory and Applications. 2016(17):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13663-016-0502-yS111201617Zadeh, LA: Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control 8, 103-112 (1965)Molodtsov, D: Soft set theory - first results. Comput. Math. Appl. 37, 19-31 (1999)Aktaş, H, Çağman, N: Soft sets and soft groups. Inf. Sci. 177, 2726-2735 (2007)Ali, MI, Feng, F, Liu, X, Min, WK, Shabir, M: On some new operations in soft set theory. Comput. Math. Appl. 57, 1547-1553 (2009)Feng, F, Liu, X, Leoreanu-Fotea, V, Jun, YB: Soft sets and soft rough sets. Inf. Sci. 181, 1125-1137 (2011)Jiang, Y, Tang, Y, Chen, Q, Wang, J, Tang, S: Extending soft sets with description logics. Comput. Math. Appl. 59, 2087-2096 (2009)Jun, YB: Soft BCK/BCI-algebras. Comput. Math. Appl. 56, 1408-1413 (2008)Jun, YB, Lee, KJ, Khan, A: Soft ordered semigroups. Math. Log. Q. 56, 42-50 (2010)Jun, YB, Lee, KJ, Park, CH: Soft set theory applied to ideals in d-algebras. Comput. Math. Appl. 57, 367-378 (2009)Jun, YB, Park, CH: Applications of soft sets in ideal theory of BCK/BCI-algebras. Inf. Sci. 178, 2466-2475 (2008)Kong, Z, Gao, L, Wang, L, Li, S: The normal parameter reduction of soft sets and its algorithm. Comput. Math. Appl. 56, 3029-3037 (2008)Majumdar, P, Samanta, SK: Generalized fuzzy soft sets. Comput. Math. Appl. 59, 1425-1432 (2010)Li, F: Notes on the soft operations. ARPN J. Syst. Softw. 1, 205-208 (2011)Maji, PK, Roy, AR, Biswas, R: An application of soft sets in a decision making problem. Comput. Math. Appl. 44, 1077-1083 (2002)Qin, K, Hong, Z: On soft equality. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 234, 1347-1355 (2010)Xiao, Z, Gong, K, Xia, S, Zou, Y: Exclusive disjunctive soft sets. Comput. Math. Appl. 59, 2128-2137 (2009)Xiao, Z, Gong, K, Zou, Y: A combined forecasting approach based on fuzzy soft sets. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 228, 326-333 (2009)Xu, W, Ma, J, Wang, S, Hao, G: Vague soft sets and their properties. Comput. Math. Appl. 59, 787-794 (2010)Yang, CF: A note on soft set theory. Comput. Math. Appl. 56, 1899-1900 (2008)Yang, X, Lin, TY, Yang, J, Li, Y, Yu, D: Combination of interval-valued fuzzy set and soft set. Comput. Math. Appl. 58, 521-527 (2009)Zhu, P, Wen, Q: Operations on soft sets revisited (2012). arXiv:1205.2857v1Feng, F, Jun, YB, Liu, XY, Li, LF: An adjustable approach to fuzzy soft set based decision making. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 234, 10-20 (2009)Feng, F, Jun, YB, Zhao, X: Soft semirings. Comput. Math. Appl. 56, 2621-2628 (2008)Feng, F, Liu, X: Soft rough sets with applications to demand analysis. In: Int. Workshop Intell. Syst. Appl. (ISA 2009), pp. 1-4. (2009)Herawan, T, Deris, MM: On multi-soft sets construction in information systems. In: Emerging Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications with Aspects of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 101-110. Springer, Berlin (2009)Herawan, T, Rose, ANM, Deris, MM: Soft set theoretic approach for dimensionality reduction. In: Database Theory and Application, pp. 171-178. Springer, Berlin (2009)Kim, YK, Min, WK: Full soft sets and full soft decision systems. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 26, 925-933 (2014). doi: 10.3233/IFS-130783Mushrif, MM, Sengupta, S, Ray, AK: Texture classification using a novel, soft-set theory based classification algorithm. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 3851, 246-254 (2006)Roy, AR, Maji, PK: A fuzzy soft set theoretic approach to decision making problems. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 203, 412-418 (2007)Zhu, P, Wen, Q: Probabilistic soft sets. In: IEEE Conference on Granular Computing (GrC 2010), pp. 635-638 (2010)Zou, Y, Xiao, Z: Data analysis approaches of soft sets under incomplete information. Knowl.-Based Syst. 21, 941-945 (2008)Cagman, N, Karatas, S, Enginoglu, S: Soft topology. Comput. Math. Appl. 62, 351-358 (2011)Das, S, Samanta, SK: Soft real sets, soft real numbers and their properties. J. Fuzzy Math. 20, 551-576 (2012)Das, S, Samanta, SK: Soft metric. Ann. Fuzzy Math. Inform. 6, 77-94 (2013)Abbas, M, Murtaza, G, Romaguera, S: Soft contraction theorem. J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. 16, 423-435 (2015)Chen, CM, Lin, IJ: Fixed point theory of the soft Meir-Keeler type contractive mappings on a complete soft metric space. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2015, 184 (2015)Feng, F, Li, CX, Davvaz, B, Ali, MI: Soft sets combined with fuzzy sets and rough sets: a tentative approach. Soft Comput. 14, 8999-9911 (2010)Maji, PK, Biswas, R, Roy, AR: Soft set theory. Comput. Math. Appl. 45, 555-562 (2003)Wardowski, D: On a soft mapping and its fixed points. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2013, 182 (2013)Kannan, R: Some results on fixed points II. Am. Math. Mon. 76, 405-408 (1969)Meir, A, Keeler, E: A theorem on contraction mappings. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 28, 326-329 (1969)Caristi, J: Fixed point theorems for mappings satisfying inwardness conditions. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 215, 241-251 (1976)Kirk, WA: Caristi’s fixed-point theorem and metric convexity. Colloq. Math. 36, 81-86 (1976

Direct targeting of oncogenic RAS mutants with a tumor-specific cytosol-penetrating antibody inhibits RAS mutant-driven tumor growth

Oncogenic RAS mutant (RAS(MUT)) proteins have been considered undruggable via conventional antibody regimens owing to the intracellular location restricting conventional-antibody accessibility. Here, we report a pan-RAS-targeting IgG antibody, inRas37, which directly targets the intracellularly activated form of various RAS(MUT) subtypes after tumor cell-specific internalization into the cytosol to block the interactions with effector proteins, thereby suppressing the downstream signaling. Systemic administration of inRas37 exerted a potent antitumor activity in a subset of RAS(MUT) tumor xenografts in mice, but little efficacy in RAS(MUT) tumors with concurrent downstream PI3K mutations, which were overcome by combination with a PI3K inhibitor. The YAP1 protein was up-regulated as an adaptive resistance-inducing response to inRas37 in RAS(MUT)-dependent colorectal tumors; accordingly, a combination of inRas37 with a YAP1 inhibitor manifested synergistic antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Our study offers a promising pan-RAS-targeting antibody and the corresponding therapeutic strategy against RAS(MUT) tumors

Chromogranin A (CgA) as Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients with Small Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: Results of a Retrospective Study of 293 Patients

BACKGROUND: Small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) is a very rare tumor. Due to its rarity and the long time period, there is a paucity of information pertaining to prognostic factors associated with survival. The objective of this study was to determine whether clinicopathologic finings or immunohistochemical presence of molecular markers predictive of clinical outcome in patients with SCCC. METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 293 patients with SCCC (47 patients from Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University in china, 71 patients from case report of china journal, 175 patients from case report in PubMed database). Of those 293 patients with SCCC, the median survival time is 23 months. The 3-year overall survival rates (OS) and 3-year disease-free survival rates (DFS) for all patients were 34.5% and 31.1%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that FIGO stage (IIb-IV VS I-IIa, Hazard Ratio (HR) = 3.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) of ratio = [2.05, 4.63], P<0.001), tumor mass size (≥ 4 cm VS <4 cm, HR = 2.37, 95% CI = [1.28, 4.36], P = 0.006) and chromogranin A (CgA) (Positive VS Negative, HR = 1.81, 95% CI = [1.12, 2.91], P = 0.015) were predictive of poor prognosis. CgA stained positive was found to be highly predictive of death in early-stage (FIGO I-IIa) patient specifically. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SCCC have poor prognosis. FIGO stage, tumor mass size and CgA stained positive may act as a surrogate for factors prognostic of survival. CgA may serve as a useful marker in prognostic evaluation for early-stage patients with SCCC