Metastatic carcinoma of the colon similar to Crohn's disease: a case report.

A 68-year-old Japanese man with a history of linitis plastica carcinoma of the stomach and subsequent gastrectomy 8 years previously presented with lower abdominal pain. Radiological and endoscopic examinations showed multiple submucosal nodular lesions similar to Crohn's disease in the ileocecal area. A firm diagnosis could not be made after initial multiple biopsies. Finally, a submucosal biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. The ileocecal lesion was diagnosed as a recurrence because of the histological findings, which included mucosal preservation, a similarity with the histologic type of stomach carcinoma, and atypical immunoreactivity for primary colon carcinoma; the lesion was negative for both cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20. In cases where metastatic carcinoma of the colon is suspected, we recommend early consideration of a submucosal biopsy.</p

Study of classes dealing with tactics to increase motivation to play volleyball

バレーボールではゲームにおいて「意図的なセットを経由した攻撃のラリー」が展開されることにより，バレーボールの本質的な楽しさを知ることとなる。攻撃の基本リズムは三段攻撃であるが，現状は技能が未熟であったり，ミスを恐れたりして意識的にボールが経由する人数を減らすなど三段攻撃に至らない場合がほとんどである。それを解決するために三段攻撃を攻撃パターンとする思考を促すルールを考案した。この授業実践を行ったところ，生徒の攻撃面に対する理解が深まった。 / The charm of volleyball is in the “attack rallies” in the games. Although the basic rhythm of attacks is produced by 3 player set and spike offence, in most cases the three-fold offence is not attained because students tend to lessen the number of players for fear of making mistakes or because they lack skills. To solve this problem, we devised a rule to urge students to consider that three fold offence is the normal attack pattern. Class practice incorporating the new rule showed that it is effective and increased students’ understanding of attack methods

Proposal for practice in mixed-gender classes What we have found from hurdling practice.

新学習指導要領では，保健体育科として授業を通し生涯にわたって運動に親しもうとする，運動やスポーツへの愛好的態度の育成に繋げていくことをめざしていくものだが，生徒一人ひとりの運動格差・技術格差が著しいことも現実問題としてあり運動を嫌い，不得意と感じる児童・生徒が存在することも事実である。特に球技は顕著であり，運動に対して苦手意識を持つ生徒も多いと思われる。そこで本校の研究主題『学ぶ力を育む「やりくり」授業の開発』に基づき，安全性と戦術学習に特化したフラッグフットボールの特性を生かした教材開発を目的とし授業実践を行い，運動有能感に及ぼす影響を検討した。結果は授業を通し運動有能感合計に影響を及ぼすことはなく，運動有能感の因子である身体的有能さの認知の得点を有意に下げることとなったが，多くの生徒が楽しく学び，上達も感じられたことやできない運動でもあきらめないで練習すればできるようになると思うと感じる生徒が有意に高まるなど成果もあった。As a health and physical education department, the new course of study aims to foster a liking attitude toward exercise and sports, which aims to familiarize people with exercise throughout their lives, but there is an exercise gap among each student. It is also a fact that there are children and students who dislike exercise and feel that they are not good at it because of the remarkable technical disparity. Ball games are particularly prominent, and it seems that many students are not good at exercising. Therefore, based on the research theme of our school, "Development of" management classes that foster learning ability," we practiced lessons with the aim of developing teaching materials that make use of the characteristics of flag football, which specializes in safety and tactical learning. The effect on the feeling was examined. The results could not affect the total motor competence throughout the lesson and significantly reduced the cognitive score of physical competence, which is a factor of motor competence, but many students. There were also results such as a significant increase in the number of students who felt that they would be able to learn happily and that they would be able to practice even if they felt that they had improved or could exercise if they try without giving up

The “Track and Field Relay” Class: Learning through Trial and Error ～ Focusing on students who are reluctant to exercise

学習指導要領では保健体育科の目標として「生涯にわたる健康の保持増進と豊かなスポーツライフの実現」が掲げられている。運動が好きで積極的に取り組める生徒は今後も運動に親しむであろうが, 運動に消極的な考えの生徒に運動の楽しさや喜びを経験させ, 運動に対する自信を味わうことが, 生涯スポーツにつながると考え, 本校の研究主題『学ぶ力を育む「やりくり」授業の開発』に基づき陸上競技リレーの授業を実践した。一斉授業ではなく, ペアで試行錯誤しながら取り組む授業スタイルを取り入れた。　運動に消極的な考えの生徒に着目し, 授業前後の運動有能感の変容や授業後の生徒の感想などから検討した。結果は運動有能感の因子である「統制感」の優位な数値向上が見られた。In the Courses of Study, the goal of health and physical education is to“ maintain and promote lifelong health and realize a rich sports life. Students who like exercise and can actively engage in it will continue to enjoy it, but students who are reluctant to exercise should experience the joy and pleasure of exercise and gain confidence in exercise, which will lead to lifelong sports. We practiced a class of track and field relay. Instead of a simultaneous class, we adopted a class style in which students work in pairs through trial and error. We focused on the students who were reluctant to exercise, and examined the changes in their motor competence before and after the class and their impressions after the class. The results showed that the“ sense of control,” which is a factor of motor competence, increased predominantly

STAT1/3 signaling suppresses axon degeneration and neuronal cell death through regulation of NAD+-biosynthetic and consuming enzymes

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-biosynthetic and consuming enzymes are involved in various intracellular events through the regulation of NAD+ metabolism. Recently, it has become clear that alterations in the expression of NAD+-biosynthetic and consuming enzymes contribute to the axonal stability of neurons. We explored soluble bioactive factor(s) that alter the expression of NAD+-metabolizing enzymes and found that cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ increased the expression of nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2), an NAD+-biosynthetic enzyme. IFN-γ activated signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 and 3 (STAT1/3) followed by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) suppression. As a result, STAT1/3 increased the expression of NMNAT2 at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner and, at the same time, suppressed activation of sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing 1 (SARM1), an NAD+-consuming enzyme, and increased intracellular NAD+ levels. We examined the protective effect of STAT1/3 signaling against vincristine-mediated cell injury as a model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), in which axonal degeneration is involved in disease progression. We found that IFN-γ-mediated STAT1/3 activation inhibited vincristine-induced downregulation of NMNAT2 and upregulation of SARM1 phosphorylation, resulting in modest suppression of subsequent neurite degradation and cell death. These results indicate that STAT1/3 signaling induces NMNAT2 expression while simultaneously suppressing SARM1 phosphorylation, and that both these actions contribute to suppression of axonal degeneration and cell death

Real-Time Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Microwave Coagulation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Color Doppler Imaging

Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) is a new technique for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is difficult to distinguish those lesions in which necrosis has been induced from the viable residual lesions during the procedure, because the margin of the tumor becomes unclear during PMCT. We determined the area of necrotic lesions during the procedure using color Doppler imaging. PMCT was performed on 10 patients (17 lesions) with recurrent HCC. The electrode of the microwave delivery system was moved around the tumor and the surrounding area until color mosaic images disappeared from the entire area of the tumor. The areas in which necrotic tissue was indicated by color Doppler imaging were later confirmed by other modalities such as angiography or contrast-enhanced computed tomography. This leads us to believe that real-time, effective evaluation of PMCT is possible with color Doppler imaging.</p

Profound reduction of mature B cell numbers, reactivities and serum lg levels in mice which simultaneously carry the XID and CD40 deficiency gense

It has been known for some time that single mutant nude or CD40T mice have apparently normal numbers of cells in the precursor compartments of bone marrow and the mature B cell compartments of the periphery. X-linked immunodeficiency (XID) mice are deficient only in some of the slgM+slgD+ B cells. We have investigated further the contributions of the xid mutation, of the T cell deficiency of nude and of the inability of CD40T B cells to cooperate with T cells in the generation of the precursor and the mature B cell compartments in mice. Double mutant XIDInu and XIDlCD4OT mice have precursor B cell compartments that are no more deficient than the single mutant XID mice. However, the peripheral B cell compartments of both XIDInu and XIDlCD40T are even more deficient than those of single mutant XID mice. While 10% of the peripheral B cells of wild-type or CD40T, one-third of XID and half of XIDInu mice turn over rapidly, as many as threequarters of those in XIDlCD40T are short-lived. Total numbers of slgM+slgD+ B cells in the spleen are at best 1615% of normal mice at 6-8 weeks of age in XID, XIDInu and XIDICD40T mice. They remain that low at 3 months of age in XIDICD40T mice, while in XID mice these peripheral B cells slowly build up in numbers with age. As expected, double mutant XIDlCD40T mice do not respond to the T-dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Only the responses to the T-independent type I antigen, TNP-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), appear to be normal. In vitro, their splenic B cells respond poorly to LPS or to IgM-specific antibody in either the absence or presence of cytokines. Most notably, serum IgM, lgG2b and lgG3 levels are severely depressed, while IgG1, lgG2a and IgA levels are <I0 pglml. The results suggest a model of mature B cell development in which the peripheral, mature B cell compartments are generated in two parallel, not tandemly organized pathways. They could be selected and/or stimulated at the transition from immature to mature B cells: in btk controlled or in CD40 controlled way

Partial suppression of M1 microglia by Janus kinase 2 inhibitor does not protect against neurodegeneration in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence has shown that the inflammatory process participates in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting a therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory agents. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), one of the key molecules in inflammation, transduces signals downstream of various inflammatory cytokines, and some Janus kinase inhibitors have already been clinically applied to the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, the efficacy of JAK2 inhibitors in treatment of ALS remains to be demonstrated. In this study, we examined the role of JAK2 in ALS by administering a selective JAK2 inhibitor, R723, to an animal model of ALS (mSOD1(G93A) mice). FINDINGS: Orally administered R723 had sufficient access to spinal cord tissue of mSOD1(G93A) mice and significantly reduced the number of Ly6c positive blood monocytes, as well as the expression levels of IFN-γ and nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible (iNOS) in the spinal cord tissue. R723 treatment did not alter the expression levels of Il-1β, Il-6, TNF, and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and suppressed the expression of Retnla, which is one of the markers of neuroprotective M2 microglia. As a result, R723 did not alter disease progression or survival of mSOD1(G93A) mice. CONCLUSIONS: JAK2 inhibitor was not effective against ALS symptoms in mSOD1(G93A) mice, irrespective of suppression in several inflammatory molecules. Simultaneous suppression of anti-inflammatory microglia with a failure to inhibit critical other inflammatory molecules might explain this result. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0179-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users