3,071 research outputs found
Technique for manufacturing nickel electrodes
A method of manufacturing nickel electrodes distinctive for its use of a composite material for the electrode made up of nickel compound, electrode material, cobalt in metal form or cobalt in compound form is investigated. The composite is over-discharged (same as reverse charging) in an alkaline solution. After dealkalization, synthetic resin adhesive is added and the electrode is formed. Selection of the cobalt compound is made from a group consisting of cobalt oxide, cobalt hydroxide, cobalt carbonate and cobalt sulfate. The method upgrades plate characteristics by using an active material in a non-sintered type nickel electrode, which is activated by electro-chemical effect
Stability of Spinmotive Force in Perpendicularly Magnetized Nanowires under High Magnetic Fields
Spinmotive force induced by domain wall motion in perpendicularly magnetized
nanowires is numerically demonstrated. We show that using nanowires with large
magnetic anisotropy can lead to a high stability of spinmotive force under
strong magnetic fields. We observe spinmotive force in the order of tens of
microvolt in a multilayered Co/Ni nanowire and in the order of several hundred
microvolt in a FePt nanowire; the latter is two orders of magnitude greater
than that in permalloy nanowires reported previously. The narrow structure and
low mobility of a domain wall under magnetic fields in perpendicularly
magnetized nanowires permits downsizing of spinmotive force devices.Comment: submitted to Applied Physics Letter
Spin accumulation created electrically in an n-type germanium channel using Schottky tunnel contacts
Using high-quality FeSi/-Ge Schottky-tunnel-barrier contacts, we
study spin accumulation in an -type germanium (-Ge) channel. In the
three- or two-terminal voltage measurements with low bias current conditions at
50 K, Hanle-effect signals are clearly detected only at a forward-biased
contact. These are reliable evidence for electrical detection of the spin
accumulation created in the -Ge channel. The estimated spin lifetime in
-Ge at 50 K is one order of magnitude shorter than those in -Si reported
recently. The magnitude of the spin signals cannot be explained by the commonly
used spin diffusion model. We discuss a possible origin of the difference
between experimental data and theoretical values.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, To appear in J. Appl. Phy
Modelling Electron Spin Accumulation in a Metallic Nanoparticle
A model describing spin-polarized current via discrete energy levels of a
metallic nanoparticle, which has strongly asymmetric tunnel contacts to two
ferromagnetic leads, is presented.
In absence of spin-relaxation, the model leads to a spin-accumulation in the
nanoparticle, a difference () between the chemical potentials of
spin-up and spin-down electrons, proportional to the current and the Julliere's
tunnel magnetoresistance. Taking into account an energy dependent
spin-relaxation rate , as a function of bias
voltage () exhibits a crossover from linear to a much weaker dependence,
when equals the spin-polarized current through the
nanoparticle. Assuming that the spin-relaxation takes place via electron-phonon
emission and Elliot-Yafet mechanism, the model leads to a crossover from linear
to dependence. The crossover explains recent measurements of the
saturation of the spin-polarized current with in Aluminum nanoparticles,
and leads to the spin-relaxation rate of in an Aluminum
nanoparticle of diameter , for a transition with an energy difference of
one level spacing.Comment: 37 pages, 7 figure
Effects of tape covering and vine vigor on development of surface callus in girdle of grapevine
The effects of vine vigor (shoot growth) and covering the girdle surface with plastic tape on the development of a surface callus (SC) in the girdle of grapevine were studied by histological observation. The SC was formed in a tape-covering treatment but was not formed unless the girdle surface was covered with plastic tape (exposing treatment). Histological observation revealed that in the tape-covering treatment, callus cells developed mainly from the ray parenchyma cells on the girdle surface 2 days after girdling (DAG), leading to the formation of the SC, which grew and filled the girdle portion by 7 DAG. When 16 vines were divided into three categories based on scaffold branch length, vines with 7.5 m scaffold branches developed shorter shoots with smaller internode diameters than did vines with 4.5 and 6.0 m scaffold branches. In vines with 7.5 m scaffold branches, the SC covered a smaller area of the girdle surface than in vines with 4.5 and 6.0 m scaffold branches. The length and diameter of the shoot were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.75** and 0.70**, respectively) with the ratio of the girdle area covered by the SC to the whole girdle area (SC covering ratio). These results show that the SC originates mainly from the ray parenchyma cells and that SC development is strongly affected by vine vigor. Consequently, to ensure SC development, girdling should be done by tape covering in vines with shoot diameters larger than 8 mm.
Comments on Drinfeld Realization of Quantum Affine Superalgebra and its Hopf Algebra Structure
By generalizing the Reshetikhin and Semenov-Tian-Shansky construction to
supersymmetric cases, we obtain Drinfeld current realization for quantum affine
superalgebra . We find a simple coproduct for the quantum
current generators and establish the Hopf algebra structure of this super
current algebra.Comment: Some errors and misprints corrected and a remark in section 4
removed. 12 pages, Latex fil
Vertex Operators, Screen Currents and Correlation Functions at Arbitrary Level
Bosonized q-vertex operators related to the 4-dimensional evaluation modules
of the quantum affine superalgebra are constructed for
arbitrary level , where is a complex parameter
appearing in the 4-dimensional evaluation representations. They are
intertwiners among the level- highest weight Fock-Wakimoto modules.
Screen currents which commute with the action of up to
total differences are presented. Integral formulae for N-point functions of
type I and type II q-vertex operators are proposed.Comment: Latex file 18 page
Highly anisotropic strain dependencies in PrIrZn
We report thermal expansion and magnetostriction of the cubic non-Kramers
system PrIrZn with a non-magnetic ground state
doublet. In previous experiments, antiferroquadrupolar order at
\hbox{\,K} and a Fermi liquid state around
\,T for \hbox{},
indicative of possible ferrohastatic order, were discovered. For magnetic
fields \hbox{}, the low temperature longitudinal
and transverse thermal expansion and magnetostriction are highly anisotropic.
The resulting volume strain is very small, indicating that the Pr valence
remains nearly constant as a function of magnetic field. We conclude that the
Fermi liquid state around forms through a very little change
in c-f hybridization. This result is in sharp contrast to Ce- and Yb-based
Kramers Kondo lattices which show significantly larger volume strains due to
the high sensitivity of the Kondo temperature to hydrostatic pressure.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
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