Metallothionein in human oesophagus, Barrett's epithelium and adenocarcinoma

The potential of the metal-binding protein, metallothionein, in assessing the progression of normal oesophagus through Barrett's to adenocarcinoma was investigated. Metallothionein was quantitatively determined in resected tissues from patients undergoing oesophagectomy for high grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma and in biopsies from patients with Barrett's syndrome. In 10 cancer patients, metallothionein concentrations in adenocarcinoma were not significantly different from normal oesophagus, although six had elevated metallothionein concentrations in the metaplastic tissue bordering the adenocarcinoma. In 17 out of 20 non-cancer patients with Barrett's epithelium, metallothionein was significantly increased by 108% (P<0.004). There was no association between the metallothionein levels in Barrett's epithelium and the presence of inflammatory cells, metaplasia or dysplasia. Metallothionein is a marker of progression from normal to Barrett's epithelium but is not increased in oesophageal adenocarcinoma

American marsupials chromosomes: Why study them?

Marsupials, one of the three main groups of mammals, are only found in Australia and in the American continent. Studies performed in Australian marsupials have demonstrated the great potential provided by the group for the understanding of basic genetic mechanisms and chromosome evolution in mammals. Genetic studies in American marsupials are relatively scarce and cytogenetic data of most species are restricted to karyotype descriptions, usually without banding patterns. Nevertheless, the first marsupial genome sequenced was that of Monodelphis domestica, a South American species. The knowledge about mammalian genome evolution and function that resulted from studies on M. domestica is in sharp contrast with the lack of genetic data on most American marsupial species. Here, we present an overview of the chromosome studies performed in marsupials with emphasis on the South American species

Accessibility measures for work and service areas as an instrument to reduce socio-economic gaps (in Hebrew)

Contains fulltext : 68968.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)60 p

Multiple Roadway Boulevards: Case Studies, Designs, and Design Guidelines

This study and report was born of experience with boulevards and -- following research on the safety characteristics of such roads -- driver and pedestrian behavior on them, their physical design quantities, and existing standards and norms that effectively govern their construction, develops a comprehensive set of design guidelines for their future construction and use

Multiple Roadway Boulevards: Case Studies, Designs, and Design Guidelines

This study and report was born of experience with boulevards and -- following research on the safety characteristics of such roads -- driver and pedestrian behavior on them, their physical design quantities, and existing standards and norms that effectively govern their construction, develops a comprehensive set of design guidelines for their future construction and use

Guidelines for the Design of Multiple Roadway Boulevards

The focus of our concern is a specific type of boulevard, the multiple roadway boulevard, which is designed to separate through traffic from local traffic. It consists of a central roadway, generally at least four lanes wide and used for fast and non-local traffic, and tree-lined medians, access lanes and walkways on either side

Another Look at Boulevards

Boulevards, we believe, should be reconsidered – classic, multifunctional boulevards, with side access roads and strong lines of trees in medians.These days, planners and designers accept the idea that streets should serve one primary traffic function – such as local traffic, collector traffic, through traffic, or fast, long-distance traffic. With persuasion (which is readily accepted) from engineering and public works professionals, we often design for these single purposes.But life and what happens on our streets is not so simple, nor should it be. Boulevards often represent excellent transportation and design solutions to complex urban movement and land-use issues.During the 1980s in Los Angeles, participating in the design of a major new development through which a high-volume arterial road passed, we proposed side access roads to serve the adjoining commercial and residential properties and to slow and calm local traffic, basically a boulevard configuration. However, we discovered that lane width standards for the new access roads were so wide as to take away the local quality desired, and we were advised that intersections along such streets would be exceedingly dangerous. Solving the problems would take so much space under operative standards and norms that the idea died.During field research for the book Great Street, considerable time was spent on a variety of boulevards, especially observing intersections and the nature of motorist and pedestrian movements there. These streets did not appear to be particularly dangerous, people simply adapted to what was there and did so safely. Perhaps most importantly, these streets were delightful places to be. Pedestrians, local motorists and those passing through quickly seemed to get along together