Above-threshold ionization photoelectron spectrum from quantum trajectory

Many nonlinear quantum phenomena of intense laser-atom physics can be intuitively explained with the concept of trajectory. In this paper, Bohmian mechanics (BM) is introduced to study a multiphoton process of atoms interacting with the intense laser field: above-threshold ionization (ATI). Quantum trajectory of an atomic electron in intense laser field is obtained from the Bohm-Newton equation first and then the energy of the photoelectron is gained from its trajectory. With energies of an ensemble of photoelectrons, we obtain the ATI spectrum which is consistent with the previous theoretical and experimental results. Comparing BM with the classical trajectory Monte-Carlo method, we conclude that quantum potential may play a key role to reproduce the spectrum of ATI. Our work may present a new approach to understanding quantum phenomena in intense laser-atom physics with the image of trajectory.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

The Vlasov-Poisson-Landau System in Rx3\R^3_x

For the Landau-Poisson system with Coulomb interaction in $\R^3_x$, we prove the global existence, uniqueness, and large time convergence rates to the Maxwellian equilibrium for solutions which start out sufficiently close.Comment: 50 page

Obvious enhancement of the total reaction cross sections for 27,28^{27,28}P with 28^{28}Si target and the possible relavent mechanisms

The reaction cross sections of $^{27,28}$P and the corresponding isotones on Si target were measured at intermediate energies. The measured reaction cross sections of the N=12 and 13 isotones show an abrupt increase at $$. The experimental results for the isotones with $Z\leq 14$ as well as $$P can be well described by the modified Glauber theory of the optical limit approach. The enhancement of the reaction cross section for $^{28}$P could be explained in the modified Glauber theory with an enlarged core. Theoretical analysis with the modified Glauber theory of the optical limit and few-body approaches underpredicted the experimental data of $^{27}$P. Our theoretical analysis shows that an enlarged core together with proton halo are probably the mechanism responsible for the enhancement of the cross sections for the reaction of $^{27}$P+$^{28}$Si.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys.Rev.

Experimental and computational Fluid Dynamics study of separation gap effect on gas explosion mitigation for methane storage tanks

This paper presented both experimental and numerical assessments of separation gap effect on vented explosion pressure in and around the area of a tank group. A series of vented gas explosion layouts with different separation gaps between tanks were experimentally investigated. In order to qualitatively determine the relationship between the separation gap distance and explosion pressure, intensive computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, verified with testing data, were conducted. Good agreement between CFD simulation results and experimental data was achieved. By using CFD simulation, more gas explosion cases were included to consider different gas cloud coverage scenarios. Separation gap effects on internal and external pressures at various locations were investigated

GLProbs: Aligning multiple sequences adaptively

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Neutron scattering and muon-spin spectroscopy studies of the magnetic triangular-lattice compounds A2A_2La2_2NiW2_2O12_{12} (AA = Sr, Ba)

We report on the geometrically frustrated two-dimensional triangular-lattice magnets $A_2$La$_2$NiW$_2$O$_{12}$ ($A$ = Sr, Ba) studied mostly by means of neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and muon-spin rotation and relaxation ($\mu$SR) techniques. The chemical pressure induced by the Ba-for-Sr substitution suppresses the ferromagnetic (FM) transition from 6.3 K in the Ba-compound to 4.8 K in the Sr-compound. We find that the $R\bar{3}$ space group reproduces the NPD patterns better than the previously reported $R\bar{3}m$ space group. Both compounds adopt the same magnetic structure with a propagation vector $\boldsymbol{k} = (0, 0, 0)$, in which the Ni$^{2+}$ magnetic moments are aligned ferromagnetically along the $c$-axis. The zero-field {\textmu}SR results reveal two distinct internal fields (0.31 and 0.10 T), caused by the long-range ferromagnetic order. The small transverse muon-spin relaxation rates reflect the homogeneous internal field distribution in the ordered phase and, thus, further support the simple FM arrangement of the Ni$^{2+}$ moments. The small longitudinal muon-spin relaxation rates, in both the ferromagnetic- and paramagnetic states of A$_2$La$_2$NiW$_2$O$_{12}$, indicate that spin fluctuations are rather weak. Our results demonstrate that chemical pressure indeed changes the superexchange interactions in $A_2$La$_2$NiW$_2$O$_{12}$ compounds, with the FM interactions being dominant.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures; accepted by Phys. Rev. Material

Etanercept Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Titanium Particle-Stimulated Peritoneal Macrophages

Purpose: To investigate the inhibitory role of Etanercept in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in titanium (Ti) particle stimulated macrophages.Methods: Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with 1 × 109 Ti particles and treated simultaneously with or without 10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL Etanercept. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the culture supernatants were measured using ELISA.Results: Titanium particles could stimulate TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in peritoneal macrophages. Etanercept inhibited Ti particle-induced TNF-α release by 29.7 % at 10 ng/ml (19.19 ± 4.72 pg/mL, p < 0.01), 49.3 % at 100 ng/mL (13.83 ± 3.72 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and 60.4 % at 1000 ng/mL (10.82 ± 3.87 pg/mL, p < 0.001), IL-1β release by 5.23 % at 10 ng/mL (34.79 ± 7.83 pg/mL, p > 0.05), 21.06 % at 100 ng/mL (28.98 ± 4.81 pg/mL, p < 0.01) and 29.83 % at 1000 ng/mL (25.76 ± 5.23 pg/ml, p < 0.001), and IL-6 release by 38.69 % at 10 ng/mL (256.8 ± 99.56 pg/mL, p < 0.01), by 42.13 % at 100 ng/mL (242.4 ± 33.26 pg/mL, p < 0.01) and 53.4 % at 1000 ng/ml (195.2 ± 48.82 pg/mL, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Etanercept has potent ability to prevent wear debris–induced osteolysis and may be valuable as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of prosthetic loosening in humans.Keywords: Etanercept; titanium particle; proinflammatory cytokines; peritoneal macrophage

Depinning of domain walls in permalloy nanowires with asymmetric notches

E ective control of the domain wall (DW) motion along the magnetic nanowires is of great importance for fundamental research and potential application in spintronic devices. In this work, a series of permalloy nanowires with an asymmetric notch in the middle were fabricated with only varying the width (d) of the right arm from 200 nm to 1000 nm. The detailed pinning and depinning processes of DWs in these nanowires have been studied by using focused magneto-optic Kerr e ect (FMOKE) magnetometer, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and micromagnetic simulation. The experimental results unambiguously exhibit the presence of a DW pinned at the notch in a typical sample with d equal to 500 nm. At a certain range of 200 nm < d < 500 nm, both the experimental and simulated results show that the DW can maintain or change its chirality randomly during passing through the notch, resulting in two DW depinning elds. Those two depinning elds have opposite d dependences, which may be originated from di erent potential well/barrier generated by the asymmetric notch with varying d

Cachexia and protein-energy wasting in children with chronic kidney disease

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for “cachexia” or “protein-energy wasting” (PEW). These terms describe a pathophysiologic process resulting in the loss of muscle, with or without loss of fat, and involving maladaptive responses, including anorexia and elevated metabolic rate. PEW has been defined specifically in relation to CKD. We review the diagnostic criteria for cachexia and PEW in CKD and consider the limitations and applicability of these criteria to children with CKD. In addition, we present an overview of the manifestations and mechanisms of cachexia and PEW. A host of pathogenetic factors are considered, including systemic inflammation, endocrine perturbations, and abnormal neuropeptide signaling, as well as poor nutritional intake. Mortality risk, which is 100- to 200-fold higher in patients with end-stage renal disease than in the general population, is strongly correlated with the components of cachexia/PEW. Further research into the causes and consequences of wasting and growth retardation is needed in order to improve the survival and quality of life for children with CKD