A survey on the possibility of utilizing γH2AX as a biodosimeter in radiation workers

Introduction DNA damage is among the main consequences of radiation. Of many different classes of DNA damage, double-strand breaks are the most deleterious. Development of a sensitive biodosimetry method, which utilizes a detection material with a similar construction to the body, seems essential for monitoring radiation workers. In this study, histone H2AX protein was examined as a potential biodosimeter in radiation workers. Moreover, the presence of this protein after in vitro irradiation of blood samples was assessed simultaneously. Materials and Methods Blood samples from 46 radiation workers were analyzed in Golestan province, Iran. Meanwhile, two groups of blood samples (five blood samples in each group) were irradiated in vitro by doses of 1 to 0.2 Gy and 0.09 to 0.01 Gy from a 60Co source, respectively. γH2AX level in lymphocytes was measured, using Western blot technique. ANOVA and Tukey's tests were performed, using SPSS version 16. The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results The results of Western blotting for the identification of γH2AX protein in radiation workers were negative. However, γH2AX level in lymphocytes of two in vitro irradiated groups showed a significant correlation with the radiation dose (P<0.0001). Conclusion The results showed that γH2AX was a good indicator for acute or local exposure to ionizing radiation, while in chronically exposed individuals, including radiation workers, this protein was useless at least in autoradiography detection method. Regarding the presence of γH2AX protein in blood samples, which were irradiated in vitro at low doses, it can be concluded that this protein has powerful repair mechanisms

Glucose Derivatives as Efficient Markers of Cell Reversible Electropermeabilization

Abstract— Molecules spontaneously transported inside the cells, like glucose derivatives, can also be used as electropermeabilization markers. In a previous study, we evaluated the uptake of a fluorescent deoxyglucose derivative (2-NBDG) by normal and electropermeabilized Chinese hamster cells. We extend here our previous study to two murine tumor model cells and investigate the effect of rolipram, a selective PDDE4 inhibitor, on 2-NBDG uptake by tumor cells, with or without electric pulses.2-NBDG was added to cell suspensions, and the cells exposed or not to eight square-wave electric pulses of 100- µs duration and of appropriate field amplitude delivered, were incubated at 37˚C and uptake was measured by flow cytometry. In rolipram experiments, cells were similarly processed after a 15 min pre-incubation with rolipram. In spite of significant uptake of 2-NBDG, mediated by GLUT transporters into non permeabilized cells, electric pulses significantly increased the 2-NBDG uptake into both murine tumor cells, even though the electrical parameters allowing a maximal uptake were different. Pretreatment with rolipram, only at high concentrations reduced 2-NBDG uptake in non-electropermeabilized cells, affecting more severely the DC-3F cells than the LPB cells. On the contrary, rolipram treatment did not attenuated the uptake of 2-NBDG in the electropermeabilized cells. We extended to other cell lines our previous observation that glucose derivatives can be used to detect cells reversible electropermeabilization. Moreover, our data suggest that rolipram could probably be used as a tool for improving the visualization of tumor using glucose derivatives, by affecting the uptake in the surrounding normal tissue

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High efficiency of two solar cells CIGS/CIS stacked mechanically

In our work, we have simulated and optimized solar cells based on the mechanically stacked system using the Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS-1D) simulator in respect to overall performance. The structures of solar cells are based on the top cell Copper- Indium-Gallium- diselenide, CuIn1-xGaxSe2, referred to as CIGS, and the bottom cell Copper- Indium-Gallium, CIS. We have simulated each cell individually and extrapolated their optimal parameters (thickness, concentration of absorber). In the case of tandem, we calculated the efficiency of each cell optimized by separation of the solar spectrum in bands where the cell is sensible for the absorption. The current-matching limitation imposed by series connection reduces efficiency relative to independently-connected cells

Militarised authoritarian state and informal institutions: Zulm and Rasookh in Downtown Srinagar

The work pinpoints the everyday popular experience of the repressive structures and procedures under militarized authoritarian regimes. Principally it highlights the employment of informal institutions by individuals in navigating the aforementioned constraints

Mixed-signal circuits and boards for high safety applications

A design methodology for analogue on-line test is presented by means of a real circuit implementation. The test strategy is based on monitoring via a very small analogue checker the inputs of all operational ampliers of a fully di erential circuit. The self-checking properties of the functional circuit are evaluated for a hard/soft fault model. Since the analogue checker outputs a double-rail error indication, the compatibility with digital checkers is ensured and the design of self-checking mixed-signal circuits becomes very simple. The mixed-signal approach is extended toboards through the IEEE Std. 1149.1 digital test bus and a layout rule to avoid interconnect di erential shorts.

Fast Differentially Private Matrix Factorization

Differentially private collaborative filtering is a challenging task, both in terms of accuracy and speed. We present a simple algorithm that is provably differentially private, while offering good performance, using a novel connection of differential privacy to Bayesian posterior sampling via Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics. Due to its simplicity the algorithm lends itself to efficient implementation. By careful systems design and by exploiting the power law behavior of the data to maximize CPU cache bandwidth we are able to generate 1024 dimensional models at a rate of 8.5 million recommendations per second on a single PC