1,983 research outputs found
Boundary Friction on Molecular Lubricants: Rolling Mode?
A theoretical model is proposed for low temperature friction between two
smooth rigid solid surfaces separated by lubricant molecules, admitting their
deformations and rotations. Appearance of different modes of energy dissipation
(by ''rocking'' or ''rolling'' of lubricants) at slow relative displacement of
the surfaces is shown to be accompanied by the stick-and-slip features and
reveals a non-monotonic (mean) friction force {\it vs} external loadComment: revtex4, 4 pages, 5 figure
(In)commensurability, scaling and multiplicity of friction in nanocrystals and application to gold nanocrystals on graphite
The scaling of friction with the contact size and (in)commensurabilty of
nanoscopic and mesoscopic crystals on a regular substrate are investigated
analytically for triangular nanocrystals on hexagonal substrates. The crystals
are assumed to be stiff, but not completely rigid. Commensurate and
incommensurate configurations are identified systematically. It is shown that
three distinct friction branches coexist, an incommensurate one that does not
scale with the contact size () and two commensurate ones which scale
differently (with and ) and are associated with various
combinations of commensurate and incommensurate lattice parameters and
orientations. This coexistence is a direct consequence of the two-dimensional
nature of the contact layer, and such multiplicity exists in all geometries
consisting of regular lattices. To demonstrate this, the procedure is repeated
for rectangular geometry. The scaling of irregularly shaped crystals is also
considered, and again three branches are found (). Based
on the scaling properties, a quantity is defined which can be used to classify
commensurability in infinite as well as finite contacts. Finally, the
consequences for friction experiments on gold nanocrystals on graphite are
discussed
Theory of reversible and nonreversible cracks in solids
The Griffith crack theory is reviewed and certain shortcomings of this theory are discussed. A new description for the shape of a crack is given which takes into account the atomic structure of material. Through consideration of the total energy of the system and the shape of the crack, expressions for crack behavior are derived which are considered to remedy the defects of the Griffith theory
Meromorphic open-string vertex algebras
A notion of meromorphic open-string vertex algebra is introduced. A
meromorphic open-string vertex algebra is an open-string vertex algebra in the
sense of Kong and the author satisfying additional rationality (or
meromorphicity) conditions for vertex operators. The vertex operator map for a
meromorphic open-string vertex algebra satisfies rationality and associativity
but in general does not satisfy the Jacobi identity, commutativity, the
commutator formula, the skew-symmetry or even the associator formula. Given a
vector space \mathfrak{h}, we construct a meromorphic open-string vertex
algebra structure on the tensor algebra of the negative part of the
affinization of \mathfrak{h} such that the vertex algebra struture on the
symmetric algebra of the negative part of the Heisenberg algebra associated to
\mathfrak{h} is a quotient of this meromorphic open-string vertex algebra. We
also introduce the notion of left module for a meromorphic open-string vertex
algebra and construct left modules for the meromorphic open-string vertex
algebra above.Comment: 43 pape
Direct Separation of Short Range Order in Intermixed Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Phases
Diffraction anomalous fine-structure (DAFS) and extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements were combined to determine short range order (SRO) about a single atomic type in a sample of mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline phases of germanium. EXAFS yields information about the SRO of all Ge atoms in the sample, while DAFS determines the SRO of only the ordered fraction. We determine that the first-shell distance distribution is bimodal; the nanocrystalline distance is the same as the bulk crystal, to within 0.01(2) Å, but the mean amorphous Ge-Ge bond length is expanded by 0.076(19) Å. This approach can be applied to many systems of mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline phases
Z-graded weak modules and regularity
It is proved that if any Z-graded weak module for vertex operator algebra V
is completely reducible, then V is rational and C_2-cofinite. That is, V is
regular. This gives a natural characterization of regular vertex operator
algebras.Comment: 9 page
The tensor structure on the representation category of the triplet algebra
We study the braided monoidal structure that the fusion product induces on
the abelian category -mod, the category of representations of
the triplet -algebra . The -algebras are a
family of vertex operator algebras that form the simplest known examples of
symmetry algebras of logarithmic conformal field theories. We formalise the
methods for computing fusion products, developed by Nahm, Gaberdiel and Kausch,
that are widely used in the physics literature and illustrate a systematic
approach to calculating fusion products in non-semi-simple representation
categories. We apply these methods to the braided monoidal structure of
-mod, previously constructed by Huang, Lepowsky and Zhang, to
prove that this braided monoidal structure is rigid. The rigidity of
-mod allows us to prove explicit formulae for the fusion product
on the set of all simple and all projective -modules, which were
first conjectured by Fuchs, Hwang, Semikhatov and Tipunin; and Gaberdiel and
Runkel.Comment: 58 pages; edit: added references and revisions according to referee
reports. Version to appear on J. Phys.
The 3-graviton vertex function in thermal quantum gravity
The high temperature limit of the 3-graviton vertex function is studied in
thermal quantum gravity, to one loop order. The leading () contributions
arising from internal gravitons are calculated and shown to be twice the ones
associated with internal scalar particles, in correspondence with the two
helicity states of the graviton. The gauge invariance of this result follows in
consequence of the Ward and Weyl identities obeyed by the thermal loops, which
are verified explicitly.Comment: 19 pages, plain TeX, IFUSP/P-100
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Teoriya obratimykh i neobratimykh treshchin v tverdykh telakh
The Griffith crack theory is reviewed and certain shortcomings of this theory are discussed. A new description for the shape of a crack is given which takes into account the atomic structure of material. Through consideration of the total energy of the system and the shape of the crack, expressions for crack behavior are derived which are considered to remedy the defects of the Griffith theory
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