Digital sociology and new opportunities for social and educational rehabilitation of disabled people

Based on the conducted sociological research and using modern methodological approaches of digital sociology, the feasibility of developing institutional conditions for improving the educational rehabilitation of disabled people by means of modern Internet technologies has been justified. Examples of the development of analogical problems in the works of domestic and foreign authors have been given. The possibilities of scientific and methodological support of social experiments on the development and implementation of educational Internet communications to overcome the disability of disabled people using the Arsenal of digital sociology have been described separately. The data on the attitude of disabled people to higher education in the system of their rehabilitation and life activity, with the identification of social groups with positive, uncertain and negative attitudes with a predominant positive attitude to the possibility of educational rehabilitation have been provided. The educational needs of people with disabilities in various areas have been described, their quantitative characteristics with the definition of priorities and areas of education that are not relevant for people with disabilities have been presented. A significant place in the article has been given to the possibilities of involving disabled people in the process of developing educational programs and in research activities, both in terms of the availability of willing people among them, and the use of various forms of their integration into real research projects as part of temporary creative teams. The conditions for the implementation of scientific support for the development of training programs in the Internet space by conducting their practical testing on the example of the Zagorsk experiment have been characterized separately. Attention to supporting individual research projects of people with disabilities in the course of higher education has been paid, ways to help them collect experimental material have been substantiated. Separately, the role and place of joint forms of scientific activity of disabled people, teachers and students in the performance of state tasks have been shown. Taking into account the important role of social inclusion of disabled people in Internet communications, the prevalence of creating accounts in the Internet information and communication network and using various Internet resources among disabled people and family members has been separately reflected

Genetic environment of the blaKPC-2 gene in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate that may have been imported to Russia from Southeast Asia

The nucleotide sequence of a blaKPC-2-harboring plasmid (pKPCAPSS) from Klebsiella pneumoniae ST273 isolated in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from a patient with history of recent travel to Vietnam is presented. This 127,970-bp plasmid possessed both IncFII and IncR replicons. blaKPC-2 was localized on a hypothetical mobile element. This element was flanked by 38-bp inverted Tn3 repeats and included a Tn3-specific transposase gene, macrolide resistance operon (mphA-mrx-mphR), and a fragment of blaTEM with unique polymorphisms. © 2017 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved

РЕНАЛЬНА ЕРИТРОПОЕТИНДЕФІЦИТНА АНЕМІЯ У ВАГІТНИХ ЖІНОК З ІНФЕКЦІЙНИМИ УРАЖЕННЯМИ НИРОК

A level of erythropoietin was determined in the group of pregnante women with such illnesses as chronic pyelonephritis, keen pyelonephritis and in healthy women with 28-40 weeks of pregnancy. The group of pregnant woman with urinary tract infections are distributed by the level of haemoglobin in the blood. We found interesting results in the group of chronic pyelonephritis and anemia on the middle stage. By means of this research we came at a conclusion that the level of erythropoietin should be determined in the blood serum in women with urinary tract infections and anemia on the middle or grave stage in order to solve the question of chosing the way of treatment in such women.Определялся уровень эритропоэтина у беременных женщин в группах с острым пиелонефритом, с хроническим пиелонефритом и у контрольной группе (здоровые беременные) в сроках от 28 до 40 недель беременности. Группы беременных с воспалительными заболеваниями почек распределены по уровню гемоглобина в крови. Интересные результаты получены в группе с хроническим пиелонефритом и анемией средней степени: у 3(4,8%) беременных уровень эритропоэтина был в нижних границах нормы и у 20 (32,3%) женщин выше нормы, а у большенства у несколько раз. На основании данного исследования рекомендуется беременным женщинам с воспалительным и заболеваниями почек и анемией средней и тяжелой степени определятьуровень эритропоэтина в сыворотке крови, для решения вопроса о выборе метода леченияВизначався рівень еритропоетину в крові вагітних жінок з інфекційними ураженнями нирок. Обстежувані вагітні розподілені на три групи: гострий пієлонефрит, хронічний пієлонефрит та здорові вагітні (контрольна група). Всі вагітні були втермінах між 28 та 40 тижнем вагітності. Групи вагітних з запальними ураженнями нирок розподілені за рівнем гемоглобіну в крові ще на три групи: анемія легкого ступеня, середнього ступеня та важка анемія. Цікаві результати отримали в групі вагітних з хронічним пієлонефритом та анемією середнього ступеня: у 3 (4,8%) вагітних рівень еритропоетину був в нижніх межах норми, у 20 (32,3%) вагітних вище норми, а у більшості вище норми в де кілька разів. Виходячи з даного дослідження, рекомендуємо вагітним жінкам з запальними захворюваннями нирок та анемією середнього та важкого ступеня визначати рівень еритропоетину в сироватці крові, для вирішення питання про метод лікування анемі у таких вагітних жінок

A positive experience in applying the biolistic approach to potato varieties Aksor and Nevskiy

The method of biological ballistics (biolistic transformation, genetic bombardment) of plants is one of the most modern methods used for direct gene transfer into plant cells. The main advantages of this method include the ability to simultaneously incorporate several target genes into the plant genome, carry out transfer without unnecessary agrobacterial parts and plasmid DNA sequences, and the short time needed to produce transgenic cells. For different plant objects, the efficiency of obtaining transgenic plants by the ballistic method varies from 1 to 3 %. For potato plants, the transformation efficiency is quite low at the moment and the selection of optimal conditions for biolistics is one of the pressing issues of practical biotechnology. This article presents a successful experience of introducing two genes of interest into two potato varieties using the biolistic approach. The results of biolistic transformation experiments are presented for two types of explants: potato internodes and calli of the varieties Aksor and Nevskiy. Of the 862 explants used for transformation, 56 regenerated plants were obtained. PCR screening of transformants revealed one plant with the insertion of the chitinase gene, one with the insertion of the endo-β-1,3-glucanase gene, and co-transformation by both genes was confirmed in four regenerants. The average transformation efficiency for potato explants was 0.7 %. A high number of regenerants (56) as opposed to a low number of transformants (6) reflects an attempt to increase the number of regenerants by using a lower concentration of the selective agent (kanamycin). Although this approach requires more effort, it can be used to produce potato lines with integrated genes of interest for further use in crop breeding. The lines of potato obtained in the current study by introducing two genes associated with the plant response to fungal pathogens will be further assessed for their resistance to fungal diseases and, if successful, will be used in potato crop breeding

БАЗИЛИК ОВОЩНОЙ (ЭВГЕНОЛЬНЫЙ) В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО РЕГИОНА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

As a result of long-term study and several rounds of selection, the new variety of eugenol type of basil «Zhemchuzhina Podmoscovya» was developed for the Central Region of Russia. This variety was included in the State Register of selection achievements.В результате многолетнего изучения и проведенных отборов внутри культуры базилика овощного (эвгенольного) создан новый сорт Жемчужина Подмосковья для возделывания в Центральных регионах Российской Федерации. Сорт внесен 30.12.2013 в Госреестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию

Microfluidic droplet platform for ultrahigh-throughput single-cell screening of biodiversity

© 2017, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) techniques can identify unique functionality from millions of variants. To mimic the natural selection mechanisms that occur by compartmentalization in vivo, we developed a technique based on single-cell encapsulation in droplets of a monodisperse microfluidic double water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (MDE). Biocompatible MDE enables in-droplet cultivation of different living species. The combination of droplet-generating machinery with FACS followed by next-generation sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the secretomes of encapsulated organisms yielded detailed genotype/phenotype descriptions. This platform was probed with uHTS for biocatalysts anchored to yeast with enrichment close to the theoretically calculated limit and cell-to-cell interactions. MDE-FACS allowed the identification of human butyrylcholinesterase mutants that undergo self-reactivation after inhibition by the organophosphorus agent paraoxon. The versatility of the platform allowed the identification of bacteria, including slow-growing oral microbiota species that suppress the growth of a common pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, and predicted which genera were associated with inhibitory activity

ISG15 Modulates Development of the Erythroid Lineage

Activation of erythropoietin receptor allows erythroblasts to generate erythrocytes. In a search for genes that are up-regulated during this differentiation process, we have identified ISG15 as being induced during late erythroid differentiation. ISG15 belongs to the ubiquitin-like protein family and is covalently linked to target proteins by the enzymes of the ISGylation machinery. Using both in vivo and in vitro differentiating erythroblasts, we show that expression of ISG15 as well as the ISGylation process related enzymes Ube1L, UbcM8 and Herc6 are induced during erythroid differentiation. Loss of ISG15 in mice results in decreased number of BFU-E/CFU-E in bone marrow, concomitant with an increased number of these cells in the spleen of these animals. ISG15-/- bone marrow and spleen-derived erythroblasts show a less differentiated phenotype both in vivo and in vitro, and over-expression of ISG15 in erythroblasts is found to facilitate erythroid differentiation. Furthermore, we have shown that important players of erythroid development, such as STAT5, Globin, PLC γ and ERK2 are ISGylated in erythroid cells. This establishes a new role for ISG15, besides its well-characterized anti-viral functions, during erythroid differentiation

Variability of Sequence Surrounding the Xist Gene in Rodents Suggests Taxon-Specific Regulation of X Chromosome Inactivation

One of the two X chromosomes in female mammalian cells is subject to inactivation (XCI) initiated by the Xist gene. In this study, we examined in rodents (voles and rat) the conservation of the microsatellite region DXPas34, the Tsix gene (antisense counterpart of Xist), and enhancer Xite that have been shown to flank Xist and regulate XCI in mouse. We have found that mouse regions of the Tsix gene major promoter and minisatellite repeat DXPas34 are conserved among rodents. We have also shown that in voles and rat the region homologous to the mouse Tsix major promoter, initiates antisense to Xist transcription and terminates around the Xist gene start site as is observed with mouse Tsix. A conservation of Tsix expression pattern in voles, rat and mice suggests a crucial role of the antisense transcription in regulation of Xist and XIC in rodents. Most surprisingly, we have found that voles lack the regions homologous to the regulatory element Xite, which is instead replaced with the Slc7a3 gene that is unassociated with the X-inactivation centre in any other eutherians studied. Furthermore, we have not identified any transcription that could have the same functions as murine Xite in voles. Overall, our data show that not all the functional elements surrounding Xist in mice are well conserved even within rodents, thereby suggesting that the regulation of XCI may be at least partially taxon-specific

Covalent Protein Modification with ISG15 via a Conserved Cysteine in the Hinge Region

The ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene of 15 kDa) is strongly induced by type I interferons and displays antiviral activity. As other ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls), ISG15 is post-translationally conjugated to substrate proteins by an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ISG15 and the side chains of lysine residues in the substrates (ISGylation). ISG15 consists of two ubiquitin-like domains that are separated by a hinge region. In many orthologs, this region contains a single highly reactive cysteine residue. Several hundred potential substrates for ISGylation have been identified but only a few of them have been rigorously verified. In order to investigate the modification of several ISG15 substrates, we have purified ISG15 conjugates from cell extracts by metal-chelate affinity purification and immunoprecipitations. We found that the levels of proteins modified by human ISG15 can be decreased by the addition of reducing agents. With the help of thiol blocking reagents, a mutational analysis and miRNA mediated knock-down of ISG15 expression, we revealed that this modification occurs in living cells via a disulphide bridge between the substrates and Cys78 in the hinge region of ISG15. While the ISG15 activating enzyme UBE1L is conjugated by ISG15 in the classical way, we show that the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ubc13 can either be classically conjugated by ISG15 or can form a disulphide bridge with ISG15 at the active site cysteine 87. The latter modification would interfere with its function as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme. However, we found no evidence for an ISG15 modification of the dynamin-like GTPases MxA and hGBP1. These findings indicate that the analysis of potential substrates for ISG15 conjugation must be performed with great care to distinguish between the two types of modification since many assays such as immunoprecipitation or metal-chelate affinity purification are performed with little or no reducing agent present

The Herpesvirus Associated Ubiquitin Specific Protease, USP7, Is a Negative Regulator of PML Proteins and PML Nuclear Bodies

The PML tumor suppressor is the founding component of the multiprotein nuclear structures known as PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which control several cellular functions including apoptosis and antiviral effects. The ubiquitin specific protease USP7 (also called HAUSP) is known to associate with PML-NBs and to be a tight binding partner of two herpesvirus proteins that disrupt PML NBs. Here we investigated whether USP7 itself regulates PML-NBs. Silencing of USP7 was found to increase the number of PML-NBs, to increase the levels of PML protein and to inhibit PML polyubiquitylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. This effect of USP7 was independent of p53 as PML loss was observed in p53-null cells. PML-NBs disruption was induced by USP7 overexpression independently of its catalytic activity and was induced by either of the protein interaction domains of USP7, each of which localized to PML-NBs. USP7 also disrupted NBs formed from some single PML isoforms, most notably isoforms I and IV. CK2α and RNF4, which are known regulators of PML, were dispensable for USP7-associated PML-NB disruption. The results are consistent with a novel model of PML regulation where a deubiquitylase disrupts PML-NBs through recruitment of another cellular protein(s) to PML NBs, independently of its catalytic activity