A simulation model for wind energy storage systems. Volume 1: Technical report

A comprehensive computer program for the modeling of wind energy and storage systems utilizing any combination of five types of storage (pumped hydro, battery, thermal, flywheel and pneumatic) was developed. The level of detail of Simulation Model for Wind Energy Storage (SIMWEST) is consistent with a role of evaluating the economic feasibility as well as the general performance of wind energy systems. The software package consists of two basic programs and a library of system, environmental, and load components. The first program is a precompiler which generates computer models (in FORTRAN) of complex wind source storage application systems, from user specifications using the respective library components. The second program provides the techno-economic system analysis with the respective I/O, the integration of systems dynamics, and the iteration for conveyance of variables. SIMWEST program, as described, runs on the UNIVAC 1100 series computers

Kinetics and mechanism of formic acid decomposition on Ru(001)

The steady-state rate of decomposition of formic acid on Ru(001) has been measured as a function of surface temperature, parametric in the pressure of formic acid. The products of the decomposition reaction are C0_2, H_2, CO, and H_2)0, i.e., both dehydrogenation and dehydration occur on Ru (001). A similar product distribution has been observed on Ni(110), Ni(100), Ru(100), Fe(100), and Ni(111) surfaces; whereas only dehydrogenation to C0_2 and H_2 occurs on the Cu(100), Cu(110), and Pt(111) surfaces. Only reversible adsorption and desorption of formic acid is observed on the less reactive Ag(110) surface at low temperatures, whereas the more reactive Mo(100) surface is oxidized by formic acid at low temperatures with the products of this reaction being H_2, CO, and H_(2)O (Ref. 10). We report here the confirmation of earlier observations of the occurrence of both dehydrogenation and dehydration of formic acid on Ru(001), and more importantly, we provide a detailed mechanistic description of the steady-state decomposition reaction on this surface in terms of elementary steps

Unique gap structure and symmetry of the charge density wave in single-layer VSe2_2

Single layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are excellent candidates for electronic applications beyond the graphene platform; many of them exhibit novel properties including charge density waves (CDWs) and magnetic ordering. CDWs in these single layers are generally a planar projection of the corresponding bulk CDWs because of the quasi-two-dimensional nature of TMDCs; a different CDW symmetry is unexpected. We report herein the successful creation of pristine single-layer VSe$_2$, which shows a ($\sqrt7 \times \sqrt3$) CDW in contrast to the (4 $\times$ 4) CDW for the layers in bulk VSe$_2$. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) from the single layer shows a sizable ($\sqrt7 \times \sqrt3$) CDW gap of $\sim$100 meV at the zone boundary, a 220 K CDW transition temperature twice the bulk value, and no ferromagnetic exchange splitting as predicted by theory. This robust CDW with an exotic broken symmetry as the ground state is explained via a first-principles analysis. The results illustrate a unique CDW phenomenon in the two-dimensional limit

Stabilization of the p-wave superfluid state in an optical lattice

It is hard to stabilize the p-wave superfluid state of cold atomic gas in free space due to inelastic collisional losses. We consider the p-wave Feshbach resonance in an optical lattice, and show that it is possible to have a stable p-wave superfluid state where the multi-atom collisional loss is suppressed through the quantum Zeno effect. We derive the effective Hamiltonian for this system, and calculate its phase diagram in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The results show rich phase transitions between the p-wave superfluid state and different types of insulator states induced either by interaction or by dissipation.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Low Temperature Susceptibility of the Noncentrosymmetric Superconductor CePt_3Si

We report ac susceptibility measurements of polycrystalline CePt_3Si down to 60 mK and in applied fields up to 9 T. In zero field, a full Meissner state emerges at temperatures T/Tc < 0.3, where Tc=0.65 K is the onset transition temperature. Though transport measurements show a relatively high upper critical field Bc2 ~ 4-5 T, the low temperature susceptibility, \chi', is quite fragile to applied field, with \chi' diminishing rapidly in fields of a few kG. Interestingly, the field dependence of \chi' is well described by the power law, 4\pi\chi'=(B/B_c)^{1/2}, where Bc is the field at which the onset of resistance is observed in transport measurements.Comment: 5 figure