Methodological Approach to Planning and Financing the Fixed Capital Reproduction for Sustainable Development of the Fishing Industry

The article presents the results of scientific and research work on the creation of a methodological approach to the analysis of fixed capital reproduction for fishing enterprises. This study is relevant due to the fact that the fishery complex of the Russian Federation is currently called upon to provide a solution to many political and economic problems, which, in particular, include transition to an innovative type of industrial production, provision of food security, as well as maintenance of a favorable state of aquatic biological resources. Due to this industry's high capital intensity, the issues of choosing a methodology that make it possible to rationally control the fixed capital reproduction of fishing enterprises become especially important, which is likely based on an analysis of existing methods that allow planning these processes. The advantages of the developed methodological approach include the establishment of uniform methodological principles used to determine the economic efficiency of investments, new equipment, inventions and rationalization proposals, more accurate consideration of the time factor concerning the determination of the integral economic effect (for the entire service life of labor means), as well as the factor time by bringing one-time and ongoing costs for the creation and implementation of new and necessary equipment and the results of their application to one point in time (the beginning of the accounting year). The article includes the main advantages and disadvantages of financing the reproduction processes possible ways

Anti-Alcohol Campaign in Minsk Military District in 1914-1916 (by Materials of Periodical Press)

The article covers the process of implementation of the anti-alcohol campaign in the Minsk military district from the beginning of the First World War to the middle of 1916. The urgency of the issue is substantiated and the necessity of its solution is reasoned. The position of the population and local authorities on government documents prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages is presented. The attention is focused on the absoluteness and universality of the campaign: it was held in all provinces and counties of the Minsk military district; the participants of the event were ordinary people - alcohol consumers, owners of drinking establishments, local officials, public and medical organizations, supervisory authorities. Forms of resistance of the population to government measures are listed. Classification of types of punishments for their violation, up to expulsion out of province is made. It is claimed that since the middle of 1916 at all levels of the power attention to “drunk” question gradually began to weaken that is connected with change of an internal political situation in the country and approach of events of February, 1917. The facts of weakening control in this direction are given, which is confirmed by the conclusion of compromises between the regional authorities and the owners of drinking establishments. The article is written on the basis of the materials of the periodical press

Formation of thin film Cr-N composites under ion bombardment at low rates of chromium deposition

One of peculiar features of the IBAD technology consists in that the damage level and concentration of implanted ions are distributed nonuniformly in the depth of deposited material. The calculations, we have done earlier [1], showed that the highest degree of nonequilibrium is realized in the first 50 nm of a coating. However, just in this thickness the nucleation and formation of the material structure is observed. The peculiarities of chromium coating formation without assisted irradiation and under bombarding with nitrogen ions having the energy of 30 keV were studied. The rates of chromium deposition were low, 0,05…0,1 nm/s. During the experiment the vacuum was maintained at a level of 4•10⁻³ Pa and was determined, in main, by the content of nitrogen molecules arriving from the discharging chamber of the ion source. The thickness within the range from 3 to 10 nm was investigated. The results have shown that at the earliest stages of the film growth solely chromium nitride CrN is formed. Sizes of visible nuclei are in the range from 1 to 4 nm, and their density is 1…3•10¹²cm⁻² . As the film thickness increases, the nuclei are growing, then their coalescence occurs and a uniform coating is formed. Chromium deposition without irradiation, but at the same nitrogen pressure, resulted in formation of chromium hcp structure with the following crystallographic parameters: a = 0,315 nm; c = 0,492 nm. The grain size was 3…4 nm. After reaching the coating continuity, the hcp structure was transformed into the bcc structure with the parameter a = 0,261 nm.Проведено сравнительное исследование начальных стадий формирования хромового покрытия в условиях бомбардировки ионами азота с энергией 30 кэВ и без ассистированного облучения, но при повышенном содержании азота в рабочей камере. Скорости осаждения были выбраны небольшими – 0,05...0,1 нм/с. Вакуум в камере был на уровне 4•10⁻³ Па и определялся в основном азотом, который напускался в разрядную камеру ионного источника. Толщина исследуемых объектов была в интервале 3…10 нм. Результаты показали, что при ионной бомбардировке происходит образование нитрида хрома CrN, начиная с самых ранних стадий роста пленки. Размер видимых зародышей находится в диапазоне 1…4 нм, плотность – 3•10¹² см⁻² . С увеличением толщины пленки происходит коалесценция малых зародышей, образование свободных зон и зарождение на них новой популяции зерен. Осаждение хрома без ионного облучения приводит к формированию ГПУ-структуры с параметрами решетки а=0,315 нм и с=0,492 нм. При достижении сплошности у пленки происходит трансформация ГПУ-структуры в ОЦК с параметром а=0,261 нм.Проведено порівняльне вивчення початкової стадії формування хромового покриття в умовах бомбардування іонами азоту з енергією 30 кеВ та без асистуючого опромінення, але при підвищеному тиску азоту. Швидкості осадження були підібрані невеликі – 0,05…0,1 нм/с. Вакуум у камері був на рівні 4•10⁻³ Па та обумовлювався азотом, який напускався в розрядову камеру іонного джерела. Товщина досліджених плівок – 3…10 нм. Результати показали, що при іонному бомбардуванні має місце створення нітриду хрому CrN починаючи з самих початкових стадій. Розмір зародків знаходиться у діапазоні 1…4 нм, щільність – 3•10¹² см⁻² . Зі збільшенням товщини має місце коалесценція зародків, створення вільних зон та зародження на них нової популяції зерен. Осадження хрому без іонного опромінення призводить до формування ГПУ-структури хрому з параметрами гратки а=0,315 нм та с=0,492 нм. При появленні сполошної плівки має місце трансформування ГПУ-структури у ОЦК з параметром а=0,261нм

Formation of thin film Cr-N composites under ion bombardment at low rates of chromium deposition

One of peculiar features of the IBAD technology consists in that the damage level and concentration of implanted ions are distributed nonuniformly in the depth of deposited material. The calculations, we have done earlier [1], showed that the highest degree of nonequilibrium is realized in the first 50 nm of a coating. However, just in this thickness the nucleation and formation of the material structure is observed. The peculiarities of chromium coating formation without assisted irradiation and under bombarding with nitrogen ions having the energy of 30 keV were studied. The rates of chromium deposition were low, 0,05…0,1 nm/s. During the experiment the vacuum was maintained at a level of 4·10⁻³ Pa and was determined, in main, by the content of nitrogen molecules arriving from the discharging chamber of the ion source. The thickness within the range from 3 to 10 nm was investigated. The results have shown that at the earliest stages of the film growth solely chromium nitride CrN is formed. Sizes of visible nuclei are in the range from 1 to 4 nm, and their density is 1…3·10¹²cm⁻² . As the film thickness increases, the nuclei are growing, then their coalescence occurs and a uniform coating is formed. Chromium deposition without irradiation, but at the same nitrogen pressure, resulted in formation of chromium hcp structure with the following crystallographic parameters: a = 0,315 nm; c = 0,492 nm. The grain size was 3…4 nm. After reaching the coating continuity, the hcp structure was transformed into the bcc structure with the parameter a = 0,261 nm.Проведено сравнительное исследование начальных стадий формирования хромового покрытия в условиях бомбардировки ионами азота с энергией 30 кэВ и без ассистированного облучения, но при повышенном содержании азота в рабочей камере. Скорости осаждения были выбраны небольшими – 0,05...0,1 нм/с. Вакуум в камере был на уровне 4•10⁻³ Па и определялся в основном азотом, который напускался в разрядную камеру ионного источника. Толщина исследуемых объектов была в интервале 3…10 нм. Результаты показали, что при ионной бомбардировке происходит образование нитрида хрома CrN, начиная с самых ранних стадий роста пленки. Размер видимых зародышей находится в диапазоне 1…4 нм, плотность – 3•10¹² см⁻². С увеличением толщины пленки происходит коалесценция малых зародышей, образование свободных зон и зарождение на них новой популяции зерен. Осаждение хрома без ионного облучения приводит к формированию ГПУ-структуры с параметрами решетки а=0,315 нм и с=0,492 нм. При достижении сплошности у пленки происходит трансформация ГПУ-структуры в ОЦК с параметром а=0,261 нм.Проведено порівняльне вивчення початкової стадії формування хромового покриття в умовах бомбардування іонами азоту з енергією 30 кеВ та без асистуючого опромінення, але при підвищеному тиску азоту. Швидкості осадження були підібрані невеликі – 0,05…0,1 нм/с. Вакуум у камері був на рівні 4·10⁻³ Па та обумовлювався азотом, який напускався в розрядову камеру іонного джерела. Товщина досліджених плівок – 3…10 нм. Результати показали, що при іонному бомбардуванні має місце створення нітриду хрому CrN починаючи з самих початкових стадій. Розмір зародків знаходиться у діапазоні 1…4 нм, щільність – 3·10¹² см⁻². Зі збільшенням товщини має місце коалесценція зародків, створення вільних зон та зародження на них нової популяції зерен. Осадження хрому без іонного опромінення призводить до формування ГПУ-структури хрому з параметрами гратки а=0,315 нм та с=0,492 нм. При появленні сполошної плівки має місце трансформування ГПУ-структури у ОЦК з параметром а=0,261нм

Effect of single levodopa/carbidopa intake on heart rate variability in Parkinson's disease

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with cardiac denervation. We studied how heart rate variability (HRV) changes to levodopa/carbidopa intake in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: 17 PD patients on standart levodopa/carbidopa treatment were included in this study. Rhythmocardiogram recordings were performed before and after single levodopa/carbidopa intake. Results: In group with initial SDNN > 15 ms (n=9) after levodopa/carbidopa intake reduction of high frequency waves was observed with lowering of SDNN in most cases. Only in 3 patients it accompanied with increasing of low frequency waves and SDNN raised. In group with initial SDNN 15 ms (n=9) после приема леводопы/карбидопы наблюдалось снижение волн высокой частоты, что в большинстве случаев также снизило и SDNN. Только в 3 случаях повысилась мощность волн низкой частоты, в результате чего SDNN выросла. В группе с исходно низким уровнем SDNN < 15 ms (n=8) эффект приема препарата на ВСР в большинстве случаев был несущественным, но в 2 случаях спровоцировал дисфункцию синусового узла, а в 1 - короткий период фибрилляции предсердий. Таким образом, эффект приема леводопы/карбидопы на ВСР при БП зависел от исходной РКГ. При относительно сохранной вегетативной иннервации сердца наблюдался симпатоподобный эффект. При автономной кардионевропатии на пике дозы препарата возможна декомпенсация дисфункции синусового узла

Creation of innovative solutions for the production of composite vegetable oils balanced in fatty acid composition

The problem of imbalance of PUFA in a diet of people is investigated. It is proposed to use perspective vegetable sources of oilseeds. Considered the composition and properties of products of processing of vegetable materials of the Russian, which includes ω-3 PUFA. On this basis, the prospects for the use of PUFA in food production are determine

Comparative genomics of Thermus thermophilus and Deinococcus radiodurans: divergent routes of adaptation to thermophily and radiation resistance

BACKGROUND: Thermus thermophilus and Deinococcus radiodurans belong to a distinct bacterial clade but have remarkably different phenotypes. T. thermophilus is a thermophile, which is relatively sensitive to ionizing radiation and desiccation, whereas D. radiodurans is a mesophile, which is highly radiation- and desiccation-resistant. Here we present an in-depth comparison of the genomes of these two related but differently adapted bacteria. RESULTS: By reconstructing the evolution of Thermus and Deinococcus after the divergence from their common ancestor, we demonstrate a high level of post-divergence gene flux in both lineages. Various aspects of the adaptation to high temperature in Thermus can be attributed to horizontal gene transfer from archaea and thermophilic bacteria; many of the horizontally transferred genes are located on the single megaplasmid of Thermus. In addition, the Thermus lineage has lost a set of genes that are still present in Deinococcus and many other mesophilic bacteria but are not common among thermophiles. By contrast, Deinococcus seems to have acquired numerous genes related to stress response systems from various bacteria. A comparison of the distribution of orthologous genes among the four partitions of the Deinococcus genome and the two partitions of the Thermus genome reveals homology between the Thermus megaplasmid (pTT27) and Deinococcus megaplasmid (DR177). CONCLUSION: After the radiation from their common ancestor, the Thermus and Deinococcus lineages have taken divergent paths toward their distinct lifestyles. In addition to extensive gene loss, Thermus seems to have acquired numerous genes from thermophiles, which likely was the decisive contribution to its thermophilic adaptation. By contrast, Deinococcus lost few genes but seems to have acquired many bacterial genes that apparently enhanced its ability to survive different kinds of environmental stresses. Notwithstanding the accumulation of horizontally transferred genes, we also show that the single megaplasmid of Thermus and the DR177 megaplasmid of Deinococcus are homologous and probably were inherited from the common ancestor of these bacteria

Thermal Impact on Spiking Properties in Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron with Synaptic Stimulus

The effect of environmental temperature on neuronal spiking behaviors is investigated by numerically simulating the temperature dependence of spiking threshold of the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron subject to synaptic stimulus. We find that the spiking threshold exhibits a global minimum in a "comfortable temperature" range where spike initiation needs weakest synaptic strength, indicating the occurrence of optimal use of synaptic transmission in neural system. We further explore the biophysical origin of this phenomenon in ion channel gating kinetics and also discuss its possible biological relevance in information processing in neural systems.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Current Methods for Synthesis and Potential Applications of Cobalt Nanoparticles: A Review

Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) are promising nanomaterials with exceptional catalytic magnetic, electronic, and chemical properties. The nano size and developed surface open a wide range of applications of cobalt nanoparticles in biomedicine along with those properties. The present review assessed the current environmentally friendly synthesis methods used to synthesize CoNPs with various properties, such as size, zeta potential, surface area, and magnetic properties. We systematized several methods and provided some examples to illustrate the synthetic process of CoNPs, along with the properties, the chemical formula of obtained CoNPs, and their method of analysis. In addition, we also looked at the potential application of CoNPs from water purification cytostatic agents against cancer to theranostic and diagnostic agents. Moreover, CoNPs also can be used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and photoacoustic methods. This review features a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis methods and applications of CoNPs, which will help guide future studies on CoNPs

Magnetics Hysteresis Properties and Microstructure of High-Energy (Nd,Dy)–Fe–B Magnets with Low Oxygen Content

Abstract: Magnetic properties and microstructure of high-energy (Nd,Dy)–Fe–B magnets with Dy of no more than 1 wt % prepared via a low-oxygen routine are studied. Oxygen content in magnets does not exceed 0.20 wt %. 0.5 wt %–Dy addition reliably stabilizes the coercivity MHc higher than 13 kOe; in this case, the maximum energy density product (BH)max of magnets is 48.5–49.5 MG Oe. High magnetic hysteresis properties are gained via optimization of chemical and phase compositions of magnets, as well as their microstructure. The grain size of the main Nd2Fe14B phase is approximately 3.5 μm; and according to X-ray analysis, the weight fraction of additional Nd-rich phases (NdOx and Nd2O3) does not exceed 2.5%. Scanning electron microscopy study has demonstrated that in triple junctions of Nd2Fe14B grains there are two types of inclusions (В and С) of the NdOx phase, which significantly differ by their chemical composition. С-phase inclusions with low oxygen content (х ≈ 0.03) are enriched in Fe (40–50 wt %); whereas, В-phase with high oxygen content (х ≈ 0.70) contains 3–5 times less Fe. The angular dependences of coercivity of (Nd,Dy)–Fe–B magnets are presented. © 2021, The Author(s).The work is performed in the framework of state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (theme “Magnet,” No. АААА-А18-118020290129-5)