The influence of combined abdominal and thoracic trauma on the bile excretory function of the liver in the period of early manifestations of traumatic disease and their correction with thiotriazoline

Introduction. Traumatism is one of the challenging issues of today's urban society. Multiple and combined lesions, which are characterized by significant severity and high mortality and lead to multiorgan dysfunction and insufficiency, dominate the structure of traumas. In recent years studies of the functional state of the liver have been widely used as a model for development of multiorgan dysfunction in conditions of severe experimental trauma.Objective of the research: to find out the character of disorders of bile excretory function of the liver in conditions of the combined abdominal and thoracic trauma of rats in the early period of a traumatic disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of their correction with thiotriazoline.Materials of the research and their discussion. The experiments were conducted on 86 non-linear white male rats weighing 200-220 g. All animals were divided into five groups: a control and four experimental ones. Injuries were inflicted under thiopental sodium anesthesia. The control group included intact animals, which were only injected into anesthesia. Animals with simulated thorax trauma were in the first experimental group. In the second experimental group a blunt abdominal trauma was simulated. In the third experimental group, these traumas were combined. In the fourth experimental group of animals with a combined trauma, thiotriazoline was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 9.1 mg per kg-1. In 1, 3, and 7 days after injuries were caused under conditions of thiopental sodium anesthesia, the common bile duct was catheterized in animals and bile was taken for 60 minutes. The rate of bile excretion was set. The concentration of total bile acids and conjugated bilirubin was determined in bile, and their excretion rate was calculated.Results of the research and their discussion. In conditions of causing isolated thoracic trauma, abdominal trauma and their combination, a significant disorder of the bile-excreting function of the liver emerges, that is, first of all, manifested by a decrease in the speed of bile excretion and excretion of its main components - cholates and conjugated bilirubin. The severity of liver dysfunction can be divided as follows: isolated thoracic trauma ← isolated abdominal trauma ← combined trauma. In conditions of isolated thoracic trauma, the investigated parameters in comparison with the control reach a minimum level up to the 3d day and normalize to the 7th day. After causing an isolated abdominal trauma the rate of bile excretion and the rate of excretion of total bile acids decrease after a day.However, all investigated parameters reach a minimum value after 3 days and remain at the same level up to the 7 day. After a combined trauma, the indicators gradually decrease to the 7th day and in each subsequent period become significantly smaller than in the previous one. The use of thiotriazoline for the correction of the detected disorders in the group of animals with combined trauma compared with animals without correction contributed to a significant increase in the rate of bile excretion, excretion of total bile acids and conjugated bilirubin. Although, by the 7th day the indicators did not reach the level of the control group, it can be stated that thiotriazoline exerts a positive effect on the biliary function of the liver.Conclusions. Combined abdominal and thoracic trauma contributes to a greater reduction in liver functional capacity compared with isolated lesions. They are based on the suppression of the rate of bile excretion and excretion of total bile acids and conjugated bilirubin. The use of thiotriazoline at a dose of 9.1 mg / kg-1 for animals with combined abdominal trauma is accompanied by a significant reduction in biliary function of the liver

A unified origin for the 3D magnetism and superconductivity in Nax_xCoO2_2

We analyze the origin of the three dimensional (3D) magnetism observed in nonhydrated Na-rich Na$_x$CoO$_2$ within an itinerant spin picture using a 3D Hubbard model. The origin is identified as the 3D nesting between the inner and outer portions of the Fermi surface, which arise due to the local minimum structure of the $a_{1g}$ band at the $\Gamma$-A line. The calculated spin wave dispersion strikingly resembles the neutron scattering result. We argue that this 3D magnetism and the spin fluctuations responsible for superconductivity in the hydrated systems share essentially the same origin.Comment: 5pages, 6figure

Dominance of interface chemistry over the bulk properties in determining the electronic structure of epitaxial metal/perovskite oxide heterojunctions

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Chemical Society via the DOI in this record.We show that despite very similar crystallographic properties and work function values in bulk Fe and Cr, epitaxial films of these metals on Nb:SrTiO3(001) exhibit completely different heterojunction electronic properties. The Cr/SrTiO3 interface is ohmic, whereas Fe/SrTiO3 forms a Schottky barrier with a barrier height of 0.50 eV. This difference arises because of variations in interface chemistry. In contrast to Cr [Chambers, S. A., Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 4001.], in-diffused Fe exhibits a +2 oxidation state and occupies Ti sites in the perovskite lattice, resulting in negligible charge transfer to Ti, upward band bending, and Schottky barrier formation. The differences between Cr and Fe are understood by performing first-principles calculations of the energetics of defect formation, which corroborate experimental results.This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award #10122. The work described was conducted in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. S.P.H. was supported by the EPSRC Grant No.EP/I009973/1. Access to the HECToR high-performance computing facility was made available via S.P.H. membership of the U.K.’s HPC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which was funded by EPSRC (EP/F067496)

First order transition and phase separation in pyrochlores with colossal-magnetoresistance

Tl$_{2}$Mn$_{2}$O$_{7}$ pyrochlores present colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) around the long range ferromagnetic ordering temperature (T$_{C}$). The character of this magnetic phase transition has been determined to be first order, by purely magnetic methods, in contrast to the second order character previously reported by Zhao et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 219 (1999)). The highest CMR effect, as in Tl$_{1.8}$Cd$_{0.2}$Mn$_{2}$O$_{7}$, corresponds to a stronger first order character. This character implies a second type of magnetic interaction, besides the direct superexchange between the Mn$^{4+}$ ions, as well as a phase coexistence. A model is proposed, with a complete Hamiltonian (including superexchange and an indirect interaction), which reproduce the observed phenomenology.Comment: 6 pages. Figures include

Mott Transition, Compressibility Divergence and P-T Phase Diagram of Layered Organic Superconductors: An Ultrasonic Investigation

The phase diagram of the organic superconductor $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu[N(CN)$_2$Cl has been investigated by ultrasonic velocity measurements under helium gas pressure. Different phase transitions were identified trough several elastic anomalies characterized from isobaric and isothermal sweeps. Our data reveal two crossover lines that end on the critical point terminating the first-order Mott transition line. When the critical point is approached along these lines, we observe a dramatic softening of the velocity which is consistent with a diverging compressibility of the electronic degrees of freedom.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure