Deteksi Bakteri Pencemar Lingkungan (Coliform) pada Ikan Sapu-Sapu Asal Sungai Ciliwung

- Sungai Ciliwung merupakan salah satu sumber kehidupan bagi masyarakat. Berdasarkan survey yang dilakukan, ikan sapu-sapu sungai Ciliwung juga dimanfaatkan sebagai pangan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan bakteri Coliform dan mikroorganisme yang terdapat pada ikan sapu-sapu asal perairan sungai Ciliwung. Deteksi Coliform dilakukan dengan metode uji praduga dan uji konfirmasi terhadap insang, usus, daging serta kulit abdomen ikan sapu-sapu. Uji praduga dengan menggunakan media Lactose Broth (LB), sedangkan uji konfirmasi dengan media Brilliant Lactose Broth (BGLB). Hasil MPN dilihat dari tabel yang memberikan nilai duga terdekat dengan kombinasi tabung positif dan tabung negatif pada uji konfirmasi. Hasil yang didapat menunjukan seluruh sampel memiliki nilai MPN melebihi batas maksimum Coliform pada makanan. Jadi daging, insang, kulit abdomen, dan usus pada ikan sapu-sapu tidak layak untuk dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat.Kata Kunci - Coliform, ikan sapu-sapu, sungai Ciliwun

Stereoisomeric Analysis of 6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-ol and the Corresponding Ketone in Wing Extracts from African Bicyclus Butterfly Species

Gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to determine the stereoisomeric compositions of 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol and 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one in wing extracts from 17 Bicyclus butterfly species from different regions of Africa. All samples were purified using solid phase extraction (SPE). Since some species contained both alcohol and ketone, these were separated and the ketone was reduced to the alcohol before analysis as either (R)-trans-chrysanthemoyl or (S)-2-acetoxypropionyl esters. A novel asymmetric synthesis was developed for a reference mixture of (2R/S,6S,10R)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol with known composition of the eight stereoisomers. The mixture then was used as the (R)-trans-chrysanthemoyl esters to correlate each of the eight gas chromatographic peaks to a specific stereoisomer of the extracted wing compounds. Seven butterfly species showed (2R,6R,10R)-configuration of the alcohol, four species contained minute amounts of alcohol too small to determine the stereochemistry, nine species showed (6R,10R)-configuration of the ketone, and one species contained minute amounts of ketone too small to determine the stereochemistry. No other stereoisomers of alcohol or ketone could be detected in the extracts, and the quantities of the compounds in the wing extracts varied from 5 to 900 ng per sample for each species.Published online 20 Dec 2014.</p