NMR Determination of an Incommensurate Helical Antiferromagnetic Structure in EuCo2As2

We report $^{153}$Eu, $^{75}$As and $^{59}$Co nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results on EuCo$_2$As$_2$ single crystal. Observations of $^{153}$Eu and $^{75}$As NMR spectra in zero magnetic field at 4.3 K below an antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering temperature $T_{\rm N}$ = 45 K and its external magnetic field dependence clearly evidence an incommensurate helical AFM structure in EuCo$_2$As$_2$. Furthermore, based on $^{59}$Co NMR data in both the paramagnetic and the incommensurate AFM states, we have determined the model-independent value of the AFM propagation vector ${\bf k}$ = (0, 0, 0.73 $\pm$ 0.07)2$\pi$/$c$ where $c$ is the $c$ lattice parameter. Thus the incommensurate helical AFM state was characterized by only NMR data with model-independent analyses, showing NMR to be a unique tool for determination of the spin structure in incommensurate helical AFMs.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.

A Hospital based study on Factors Related to Teenage Pregnancy and their Outcome in a Tertiary Care Centre

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a developmental phase between childhood and adulthood with specific psychological attributes. It is a critical period in human development because it is during this phase that an individual begins to develop a stance towards the world. The journey from childhood to adulthood can present many obstacles to youth along the way. Between 10 and 20 years of age, children undergo rapid changes in body,size,shape,physiology and psychological and social functioning. Hormones set the developmental agenda in conjunction with social structures designed to foster the transition from childhood to adulthood. How does one define adolescence? In Oxford’s dictionary “it is a period between childhood and adulthood”. It is a period from the beginning of sexual maturity to the completion of physical growth. “It is that period of life of an individual when society no longer views him or her as a child but does not yet concede him either the roles or the functions inherent in the status of the adult” precise definition by Holingshead. Adolescence as a phase of development existed in some form long before it was recognized and conceptualized in United States in 1904 by G.Stanley Hall. Oxford English Dictionary traces the word itself to 15th century. It was first used in 1430. It meant " becoming an adult". Some 300 years before the birth of Christ,Aristotle complained that adolescents “are passionate and apt to be carried away by their impulses”.Stage 5 of human development in Erikson’s theory includes adolescence(Ego identity Vs Role confusion)population in the age group of 10-24 years which was estimated as 284 million is likely to reach 340.4 millions by 2025 AD2. Preventing teenage marriages, thus will constitute the corner stone of any population control strategy. OBJECTIVES: 1. To understand various social, economical, cultural and other demographic factors related to adolescent pregnancies. 2. To assess the nature and magnitude of various medical risk factors prevalent among the teenage pregnancy group. 3. To study the awareness of small family norms and the effectiveness of the existing public health care system in promotion of awareness in the adolescent pregnancy group. 4. To study complications and outcome of adolescent pregnancies. DISCUSSION: A hospital based cross sectional quantitative survey was undertaken among 500 adolescent pregnant women attending I.O.G. for their delivery / abortions. The results of the study relating to various socioeconomic differentials and the magnitude and direction of their impact on the nuptial patterns during adolescence and associated health risk factors were evaluated in terms of their implications for fertility control and improved health care. Age at Pregnancy Maximum cases were found to belong to late teen (18 - 19 yrs) constituting 77.6% as compared to early teen (22.4%). Various studies showing incidence of teenage pregnancies by age distribution from studies conducted in India. HUSBAND'S AGE AT MARRIAGE: 43.2% of men married to adolescent girl were from age group 26 - 30 yrs, followed by 31.8% from age group 21 - 25 yrs, 3.5% below 20 yrs and 7.4% above 35 yrs. Almost 2/3 of American adolescent mothers state their partners are more than 20 yrs of age and a considerable number have partners at least 6 yrs older than themselves (Moore et al, 1997). The age difference in Asian countries varies by 3 - 6 yrs versus 5 - 10 yrs in middle east countries, studies in united states note that these older partners, may force their younger partners into sexual abuse and unwanted, unplanned pregnancies. If the father is a teen, he is less capable than many older partners in providing for mother and child. RESIDENCE: 62.2% were from urban population. This may not be a true reflection of the level in the community, as the referral centre where the study is conducted caters a majority of urban population than from rural areas. TYPE OF DELIVERY: Most of adolescent teenage pregnant women lived in huts and kutcha houses. only 5.6% lived in pucca houses. This gives an indirect assessment of the socioeconomic strata. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: 1. In the present study, age wise distribution of pregnancy were higher in the late adolescent group (77.6%) and majority (97.6%) of them from the study group were married. There is a strong association that unmarried pregnancies were higher in early teens and from broken families. 2. The general literacy rate of adolescent women in the study group was low, 8% being illiterate and 45.8% had only primary school education. Majority of parents of adolescent study group were illiterates and hence may be a reason for early marriage in their children. There is a strong association between the literacy level of adolescent women and use of contraception and hence the interpregnancy interval. Nearly 85% of them had interpregnancy interval less than 2 years. So, the standard of education for the girls should be raised which by itself will delay teenage marriages and will improve the employment opportunities. The employment status of the adolescent group in the current study shows that 94.2% were unemployed. 3. Nearly 74% of adolescent pregnant women were from lower economic strata with per capita income being less than 500 rupees. There is a strong association between per capita income and use of contraception. Therefore, introduction of socio - economic reforms aimed at reducing poverty amongst the The problem of adolescent reproductive health, therefore requires an integrated approach where by socio-economic reforms complement the health sector with policies directed towards the poor and disadvantaged adolescent mothers, who are malnourished and are at high risk of contracting diseases many of which cause significant morbidity to both the teenage mothers and their neonates

Synthesis and Spectral Studies on Cardanol Based Polyurethanes

Cardanol is a renewable organic resource obtained as a byproduct from the cashew industry. The present study has been carried out with an aim to manufacture rigid polyurethanes from natural and eco – friendly sources due to the rising prices of petrochemicals and also as an environmental concern. Vegetable oil based polyurethanes promising a new generation polymers which are low cost materials in the family of polyurethanes. Cardanol based phenolic resin has been synthesized by condensing cardanol with furfural in a particular mole ratio using phthalic acid as catalyst. The progress of the reaction was monitored by determining the free furfural and free phenol content. The resin was cured by using the curing agent 4, 41 - methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) and the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate to produce polyurethane. Polyurethanes are an important class of polymers that have found place in many applications. The physico chemical and spectral properties of resin and polyurethane have also been studied

TO SUPERVISING OF CHILD WITH ELEVATED REFUGE BY USING INTERNET OF THINGS

Although tons of the work has been performed till nowadays to recognise the Internet of Things (IoT) into exercise, maximum of the paintings makes a forte of resource-constrained nodes, rather than linking the present embedded structures to the Internet of Things (IoT) network. The proposed gadget intends to a tool wi-fi technique in the form of embedded tool specifically ARM for a child which will serve the reason of indicators and way of speaking with at ease channels and it captures the photo using the digital virtual camera. There are many android programs for little one safety but they as no longer as heaps as inexperienced. So to resolve this trouble of child protection we increase a Wi-Fi sensor kit which is straightforward to use and which is powerful to provide help to that victim. So even as the victim press kits button, our utility will capture the photo, acquire users statistics to ship a notification to registered cellular phone numbers with the link of the captured image. This saves the time and that sufferer receives help without loss of time. Also in the case of Children protection, the device proposes a velocity tracking and vicinity monitoring facilities using GPS, GSM

INTRODUCING A SWITCHING THEORY IN DIFFERENT STRATEGIES AND SITUATIONS

There have been several studies regarding load balancing for cloud setting. Balancing of load inside the cloud product is still a manuscript problem that generally requires novel techniques to get used to numerous changes. Good balancing of load helps make the system of cloud computing more ingenious and will get better approval of user. Several techniques were coded in improvisation of existing solutions to sort out novel problems. We advise a much better load balance structure for public cloud that is dependent on cloud partitioning idea with a switch mechanism to pick various methods for various conditions. Load balancing is on foundation of cloud partitioning idea and partitioning of cloud can be used to handle huge cloud. The burden balancing recognized within our jobs are intended at public cloud which consists of several nodes by distributed sources of computing in several geographic locations

CHARACTERIZATION OF Pr6O11 DOPED ZINC FLUOROBORATE GLASS

Pr3+ doped zinc fluoroborate glasses with the chemical composition [(mol %) 30ZnF2 – 20 TeO2 – (50-x) B2O3 – xPr6O11] (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mol %) of different concentration of rare earth element praseodymium (Pr3+) have been prepared by conventional melt quench technique. The physical parameters like density, refractive index, number density, molar refraction, molar electronic polarizability, electronic polarizability, dielectric constant, polaron radius, inter–ionic separation, molar volume and oscillator strength of these glasses were calculated as a function of dopant concentration. The densities and refractive indices of these glasses were found to be in the range 2.0 g/cm3 - 2.67 g/cm3 and 1.644 – 1.73 respectively. Stability of the glass doped with 1.0 mol % Pr3+ was found to be 120

A Secure Framework for Mollifying Attacks in Cloud

Abstract: The cloud computing becoming a major platform for storing the data from various organizations, instead of storing their data with them store in the cloud with this reducing the money as well as work load. We use computers to store and access the personal data as well as business information in the cloud. By this new communication and computing pattern new security issues will arise. The present data encryption techniques are not providing security from data hackers to theft the data. Especially those are performed by insider cloud provider. We introducing a new technique for providing security in the cloud, that's a decoy technique, means fault data. Always we will watch data access in the cloud, for detecting abnormal data access, when unauthorized user is noticed will ask some security questions for verifying, we will provide a large amount of decoy data to protect the original data from the attackers, Experiments accompanied in a local file setting provide proof that this method may provide unmatched levels of user data security in a Cloud environment

Pressure-induced collapsed-tetragonal phase in SrCo2As2

We present high-energy x-ray diffraction data under applied pressures up to p = 29 GPa, neutron diffraction measurements up to p = 1.1 GPa, and electrical resistance measurements up to p = 5.9 GPa, on SrCo2As2. Our x-ray diffraction data demonstrate that there is a first-order transition between the tetragonal (T) and collapsed-tetragonal (cT) phases, with an onset above approximately 6 GPa at T = 7 K. The pressure for the onset of the cT phase and the range of coexistence between the T and cT phases appears to be nearly temperature independent. The compressibility along the a-axis is the same for the T and cT phases whereas, along the c-axis, the cT phase is significantly stiffer, which may be due to the formation of an As-As bond in the cT phase. Our resistivity measurements found no evidence of superconductivity in SrCo2As2 for p <= 5.9 GPa and T >= 1.8 K. The resistivity data also show signatures consistent with a pressure-induced phase transition for p >= 5.5 GPa. Single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements performed up to 1.1 GPa in the T phase found no evidence of stripe-type or A-type antiferromagnetic ordering down to 10 K. Spin-polarized total-energy calculations demonstrate that the cT phase is the stable phase at high pressure with a c/a ratio of 2.54. Furthermore, these calculations indicate that the cT phase of SrCo2As2 should manifest either A-type antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic order.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Itinerant G-type antiferromagnet SrCr2As2 studied by magnetization, heat capacity, electrical resistivity, and NMR measurements

The physical properties of itinerant antiferromagnetic (AFM) SrCr$_2$As$_2$ with body-centered tetragonal ThCr$_2$Si$_2$ structure were investigated in single crystalline and polycrystalline forms by electrical resistivity $\rho$, heat capacity $C_{\rm p}$, magnetic susceptibility $\chi$ versus temperature~$T$ and magnetization $M$ versus applied magnetic field $H$ isotherm measurements as well as $^{75}$As and $^{53}$Cr nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements in the wide temperature range $T$ = 1.6--900 K. From the $\chi(T)$ and $^{75}$As NMR measurements, the G-type AFM state below $T_{\rm N}$ = 615(15) K has been determined, consistent with the previous neutron-diffraction measurements. Direct evidence of magnetic ordering of the Cr spins was shown by the observation of the $^{53}$Cr NMR spectrum under $H$ = 0. From the $\chi(T)$ measurements on single-crystal SrCr$_2$As$_2$ under the two different magnetic field directions $H||ab$ and $H||c$ in the AFM state, the Cr ordered moments are shown to align along the $c$ axis in the G-type AFM state. The metallic state is directly evidenced by the $\rho$, $C_{\rm p}$, and NMR measurements, and the density of states at the Fermi energy ${\cal D}(E_{\rm F})$ in the AFM state is estimated to be 7.53 states/eV f.u. for both spin directions which is almost twice the bare ${\cal D}(E_{\rm F})$ estimated from first-principles calculations, suggesting an enhancement of the conduction-carrier mass by a factor of two in the AFM state. The ${\cal D}(E_{\rm F})$ is found to be nearly constant below at least 100 K and is independent of $H$. The $\rho(T)$ is found to show $T$-linear behavior above $T_{\rm N}$ and exhibits positive curvature below $T_{\rm N}$ where significant loss of spin-disorder scattering upon magnetic ordering is observed.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.