Implementation of soft processor based SOC for JPEG compression on FPGA

With the advent of semiconductor process and EDA tools technology, IC designers can integrate more functions. However, to reduce the demand of time-to-market and tackle the increasing complexity of SoC, the need of fast prototyping and testing is growing. Taking advantage of deep submicron technology, modern FPGAs provide a fast and low-cost prototyping with large logic resources and high performance. So the hardware is mapped onto an emulation platform based on FPGA that mimics the behaviour of SOC. In this paper we use FPGA as a system on chip which is then used for image compression by 2-D DCT respectively and proposed SoC for image compression using soft core Microblaze. The JPEG standard defines compression techniques for image data. As a consequence, it allows to store and transfer image data with considerably reduced demand for storage space and bandwidth. From the four processes provided in the JPEG standard, only one, the baseline process is widely used. Proposed SoC for JPEG compression has been implemented on FPGA Spartan-6 SP605 evaluation board using Xilinx platform studio, because field programmable gate array have reconfigurable hardware architecture. Hence the JPEG image with high speed and reduced size can be obtained at low risk and low power consumption of about 0.699W. The proposed SoC for image compression is evaluated at 83.33MHz on Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA

A Conceptual study of Mutrashmari w.s.r to Vataja Mutrashmari

The Mutrashmari is one of the diseases of Mutravaha Srotas. Acharya Sushruta has considered its one among the Astamahagada since it is very difficult to cure. The Lakshanas of Mutrashmari explained in Ayurvedic texts resembles the signs and symptoms of Urolithiasis. The Mutrashmari is classified into 4 types they are Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Shukraja. The Vataja Mutrashmari is having charecterstics such as Shyavavarna, Parush, Khara and Vishama and hard studded with thorns like Kadamba Pushpa, On the basis of color and structure it can be correlated with Calcium oxalate calculi. Incidents of Mutrashmari have been more frequently increased in these days due to various reasons like altered food habits, changed lifestyle, stress, strain etc. Calcium stones are the most common comprising about 75% of all urinary calculi, in which Calcium oxalate calculi comprise about 50%. In Ayurveda, Nidana Parivarjana and Samprapti Vighatana are one among the parameter in planning the Chikitsasutra. This article is mainly focused on Nidana Panchaka of Mutrashmari with special reference to Vataja Mutrashmari which may help in accurate diagnosis and treatment

Studies of new media radiation induced laser

Various lasants were investigated especially, 2-iodohepafluoropropane (i-C3F7I) for the direct solar pumped lasers. Optical pumping of iodine laser was achieved using a small flashlamp. Using i-C3F7I as a laser gain medium, threshold inversion density, small signal gain, and laser performance at the elevated temperature were measured. The experimental results and analysis are presented. The iodine laser kinetics of the C3F7I and IBr system were numerically simulated. The concept of a direct solar-pumped laser amplifier using (i-C3F7I) as the laser material was evaluated and several kinetic coefficients for i-C3F7I laser system were reexamined. The results are discussed

Implementation of dual stack technique for reducing leakage and dynamic power

This paper deals with proposal of a new dual stack approach for reducing both leakage and dynamic powers. The development of digital integrated circuits is challenged by higher power consumption. Thecombination of higher clock speeds, greater functional integration, and smaller process geometries has contributed to significant growth in power density. Scaling improves transistor density and functionality ona chip. Scaling helps to increase speed and frequency of operation and hence higher performance. As voltages scale downward with the geometries threshold voltages must also decrease to gain the performance advantages of the new technology but leakage current increases exponentially. Today leakage power has become anincreasingly important issue in processor hardware and software design. It can be used in various applications like digital VLSI clocking system, buffers, registers, microprocessors etc. The leakage power increases astechnology is scaled down. In this paper, we propose a new dual stack approach for reducing both leakage and dynamic powers. Moreover, the novel dual stack approach shows the least speed power product whencompared to the existing methods. All well known approach is “Sleep” in this method we reduce leakage power. The proposed Dual Stack approach we reduce more power leakage. Dual Stack approach uses theadvantage of using the two extra pull-up and two extra pull-down transistors in sleep mode either in OFF state or in ON state. Since the Dual Stack portion can be made common to all logic circuitry, less number of transistors is needed to apply a certain logic circuit.The dual stack approach shows the least speed power product among all methods. The Dual Stack technique provides new ways to designers who require ultra-low leakage power consumption with much less speedpower product

Dinuclear metal complexes derived from a bis-chelating heterocyclic ligand

4,6-bis-{1-[(4,6-dichloro-[1,3,5]triazine-2-yl)-hydrazone]-ethyl-benzene-1,3-diol, C16H12N10O2Cl4 (H2-BDTD), and Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes derived from its dibasic bis-chelating form (BDTD2- or L2-) were prepared in methanol-triethylamine and characterized by MS, NMR, IR, UV-VIS and AA spectroscopic studies. Conductivities, magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermal analyses showed bis- N,N,O donor behavior of L2-. The analytical data indicate that the metal to ligand ratio is 2:1 in all the complexes. The coordination of triethylamine, water and chloride ion are observed in the Co(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes. The absence of ionizable or coordinated chloride in Cu(II) complex is a notable feature. Octahedral geometry for Co(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) and square planar geometry for Cu(II) complexes are proposed. The paramagnetic complexes exhibit subnormal magnetic moments at room temperature (RT)

Cognitive Radio Networks: Realistic or Not?

A large volume of research has been conducted in the cognitive radio (CR) area the last decade. However, the deployment of a commercial CR network is yet to emerge. A large portion of the existing literature does not build on real world scenarios, hence, neglecting various important interactions of the research with commercial telecommunication networks. For instance, a lot of attention has been paid to spectrum sensing as the front line functionality that needs to be completed in an efficient and accurate manner to enable an opportunistic CR network architecture. This is necessary to detect the existence of spectrum holes without which no other procedure can be fulfilled. However, simply sensing (cooperatively or not) the energy received from a primary transmitter cannot enable correct dynamic spectrum access. For example, the low strength of a primary transmitter's signal does not assure that there will be no interference to a nearby primary receiver. In addition, the presence of a primary transmitter's signal does not mean that CR network users cannot access the spectrum since there might not be any primary receiver in the vicinity. Despite the existing elegant and clever solutions to the DSA problem no robust, implementable scheme has emerged. In this paper, we challenge the basic premises of the proposed schemes. We further argue that addressing the technical challenges we face in deploying robust CR networks can only be achieved if we radically change the way we design their basic functionalities. In support of our argument, we present a set of real-world scenarios, inspired by realistic settings in commercial telecommunications networks, focusing on spectrum sensing as a basic and critical functionality in the deployment of CRs. We use these scenarios to show why existing DSA paradigms are not amenable to realistic deployment in complex wireless environments.Comment: Work in progres