Prostate Cancer Cell Lines under Hypoxia Exhibit Greater Stem-Like Properties

Hypoxia is an important environmental change in many cancers. Hypoxic niches can be occupied by cancer stem/progenitor-like cells that are associated with tumor progression and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, it has not yet been fully elucidated how hypoxia influences the stem-like properties of prostate cancer cells. In this report, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU145. In comparison to normoxia (20% O2), 7% O2 induced higher expressions of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, which were associated with upregulation of Oct3/4 and Nanog; 1% O2 induced even greater levels of these factors. The upregulated NANOG mRNA expression in hypoxia was confirmed to be predominantly retrogene NANOGP8. Similar growth rates were observed for cells cultivated under hypoxic and normoxic conditions for 48 hours; however, the colony formation assay revealed that 48 hours of hypoxic pretreatment resulted in the formation of more colonies. Treatment with 1% O2 also extended the G0/G1 stage, resulting in more side population cells, and induced CD44 and ABCG2 expressions. Hypoxia also increased the number of cells positive for ABCG2 expression, which were predominantly found to be CD44bright cells. Correspondingly, the sorted CD44bright cells expressed higher levels of ABCG2, Oct3/4, and Nanog than CD44dim cells, and hypoxic pretreatment significantly increased the expressions of these factors. CD44bright cells under normoxia formed significantly more colonies and spheres compared with the CD44dim cells, and hypoxic pretreatment even increased this effect. Our data indicate that prostate cancer cells under hypoxia possess greater stem-like properties

Management of trichobezoar: case report and literature review

Trichobezoars (hair ball) are usually located in the stomach, but may extend through the pylorus into the duodenum and small bowel (Rapunzel syndrome). They are almost always associated with trichotillomania and trichophagia or other psychiatric disorders. In the literature several treatment options are proposed, including removal by conventional laparotomy, laparoscopy and endoscopy. We present our experience with four patients and provide a review of the recent literature. According to our experience and in line with the published results, conventional laparotomy is still the treatment of choice. In addition, psychiatric consultation is necessary to prevent relapses

Selection for age at first egg

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Characterization and structures of dimeric C-70 oxides, C140O, synthesized with hydrothermal treatment

The dimeric C-70 oxides were synthesized from C-70/C70O mixed powder by hydrothermal treatment at 373 K for 12 h in aqueous NaOH solution. In this treatment, nucleophilic OH- ions are abundant and nucleophilic addition reactions were considered to synthesize dimeric fullerene oxides. The yield was estimated as ca. 2-3% summing up each isomer and also produced polyoxides, it is lower than that Of C120O. Three isomers Of C140O were isolated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and characterized with UV- vis, FT-IR, and C-13 NMR and other methods. The results of these methods show a close similarity between C140O and C120O and support that our C140O samples exhibit the structure of conventional furan-bridged dimers. On the basis of the results of C-13 NMR and PM3 calculations, structure assignments for each sample were attempted

Characterization and structures of dimeric C-70 oxides, C140O, synthesized with hydrothermal treatment

The dimeric C-70 oxides were synthesized from C-70/C70O mixed powder by hydrothermal treatment at 373 K for 12 h in aqueous NaOH solution. In this treatment, nucleophilic OH- ions are abundant and nucleophilic addition reactions were considered to synthesize dimeric fullerene oxides. The yield was estimated as ca. 2-3% summing up each isomer and also produced polyoxides, it is lower than that Of C120O. Three isomers Of C140O were isolated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and characterized with UV- vis, FT-IR, and C-13 NMR and other methods. The results of these methods show a close similarity between C140O and C120O and support that our C140O samples exhibit the structure of conventional furan-bridged dimers. On the basis of the results of C-13 NMR and PM3 calculations, structure assignments for each sample were attempted