Fabrication of ZnO Thin Film through Chemical Preparations

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a compound that has unique physical and chemical properties. It has a direct band gap at 3.4 eV (without dopant), a high bonding energy (60 meV), and a high thermal and mechanical stability at room temperature. Thus, ZnO thin film can be suitably applied in many fields, and it also has many functions such as UV light emitters, hydrophobic coating, transparent thin film in electronic devices, piezoelectric material, transducers, gas-sensing, and a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer in thin film solar cells. ZnO thin film could be prepared by many chemical preparations such as chemical bat deposition (CBD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol–gel spin coating, doctor blade, printing deposition, and electrochemical deposition (ED). This chemical process is a low-cost, simple, and easy preparation process to be adjusted or doped by other elements

Use of untreated wastewater in peri-urban agriculture in Pakistan: risks and opportunities

Water reuse / Waste waters / Water quality / Groundwater / Irrigation practices / Soil properties / Environmental effects / Conjunctive use / Pakistan / Haroonabad

Haplotype analyses of Orang Asli population in Taman Negara Pahang using Y-STR markers

There are many maternal line studies conducted for Orang Asli using mitochondrial DNA. This study focuses on the paternal line, specifically Y-STR and three markers were considered, namely DYS19, DYS390 and DYS391. These markers were used to compare 21 subjects comprising of 7 from Senoi tribes and 14 from Negrito tribes. The samples were collected from Kampung Kuala Atok, Kg. Sungai Tiang, Kg. Dedari, Kg. Krom, Kg. Teresek and Kg. Gam located in Taman Negara Pahang and villages nearby. From these, 14 haplotypes were gained with one of it shared by both tribes while the rest were unique to the tribe. The analyses conducted from the haplotype were gene diversity (GD), locus diversity (DL), haplotype diversity (HD) and discrimination capacity (DC). From the analysis, the GD values range from 0.2480 to 0.7108 whilst the DL values range from 0.2500 to 0.7446. The haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity values were 0.8875 and 0.6364, respectively. Since this work only studied the comparison between Senoi and Negrito, further analysis is going to include the other sub tribes of Orang Asli

Perception of Cantrang Fishermen to the Minister of Marine and Fishery Regulation Number 2 / 2015

Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 2 / 2015 about the prohibition of the use of cantrang in the State Fishery Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia is an effort of the Government to anticipate the destructive fishing, namely environmental damage and decrease of fish resources. The purpose of this research is to know repulsion and acceptability of cantrang fisherman to that Regulation. This descriptive research uses data collection techniques through surveys, interviews and documentation, and using questionnaires. This regulation has an impact on the cantrang fishing vessel should not operate, this causes unemployment for the crew, if the government implements that regulations then every ship does not require many crew. The existence of the prohibition of the use of cantrang nets cause increasing of the unemployment rate, when someone does not work it means that income begins to be hampered. On the other hand, the Regulation has a positive impact for the future in the form of sustainable of marine ecosystem

Reproducibility of scientific workflows execution using cloud-aware provenance (ReCAP)

© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature. Provenance of scientific workflows has been considered a mean to provide workflow reproducibility. However, the provenance approaches adopted so far are not applicable in the context of Cloud because the provenance trace lacks the Cloud information. This paper presents a novel approach that collects the Cloud-aware provenance and represents it as a graph. The workflow execution reproducibility on the Cloud is determined by comparing the workflow provenance at three levels i.e., workflow structure, execution infrastructure and workflow outputs. The experimental evaluation shows that the implemented approach can detect changes in the provenance traces and the outputs produced by the workflow

Virtual milk for modelling and simulation of dairy processes

AbstractThe modeling of dairy processing using a generic process simulator suffers from shortcomings, given that many simulators do not contain milk components in their component libraries. Recently, pseudo-milk components for a commercial process simulator were proposed for simulation and the current work extends this pseudo-milk concept by studying the effect of both total milk solids and temperature on key physical properties such as thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, and heat capacity. This paper also uses expanded fluid and power law models to predict milk viscosity over the temperature range from 4 to 75°C and develops a succinct regressed model for heat capacity as a function of temperature and fat composition. The pseudo-milk was validated by comparing the simulated and actual values of the physical properties of milk. The milk thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, and heat capacity showed differences of less than 2, 4, 3, and 1.5%, respectively, between the simulated results and actual values. This work extends the capabilities of the previously proposed pseudo-milk and of a process simulator to model dairy processes, processing different types of milk (e.g., whole milk, skim milk, and concentrated milk) with different intrinsic compositions, and to predict correct material and energy balances for dairy processes

Urban wastewater: A valuable resource for agriculture - A case study from Haroonabad, Pakistan

Waste waters / Irrigation water / Water reuse / Economic analysis / Soil properties / Households / Water availability / Water use / Water quality / Groundwater / Public health / Risks / Case studies

Effects of solution treatment and aging on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of a β type Ti-Ta-Hf-Zr alloy

Titanium and some of its alloys have become increasingly important for biomedical materials due to their high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, and excellent biocompatibility compared to the biomedical stainless steels and cobalt-chromium based alloys. In this study, a β type TTHZ alloy (Ti-40Ta-22Hf-11.7Zr) was prepared with the cold-crucible levitation technique. The corrosion behavior and the effects of solution treatment (ST) and aging on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the TTHZ alloy were investigated using electrochemical analysis, XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), OM (optical microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffractometry), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and compressive testing. The results indicate that the as-cast alloy exhibited a β + ωath microstructure, which transformed into a single β phase after ST at 900 °C for 1 h. The β phase further transformed into β + α′′, β + α′′ + α, and β + α + ωiso after aging for 15 min, 1.5 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The different phases of the TTHZ alloy showed significantly different mechanical properties and corrosion behavior. The solution-treated TTHZ alloy exhibited a compressive yield strength of approximately 1018 MPa and an excellent compressive strain as no fracturing was observed; and the compression tests were stopped at a compressive strain of ∼70%. The TTHZ alloy after solution treatment plus aging exhibited an increase in the compressive yield strength with a decreased compressive strain. The solution-treated TTHZ alloy exhibited a single β phase with the highest corrosion resistance, compared to the as-cast and solution-treated alloy, followed by aging samples. The open-circuit potential (OCP) analysis indicates that the corrosion resistance of the as-cast TTHZ alloy was superior to those of both CP-Ti and Ti6Al4V

Sintesis Nanoserat Poli(vinil Alkohol) Dalam Bentuk Lembaran Dengan Pemintal Elektrik Multi Nozel Dan Kolektor Drum

Electrospinning system with single needle and planar collector has the disadvantage of a low productivity. To overcome this problem drum collector and multi-nozzle system were employed. The multi-nozzle system was used to improve the production rate, while the drum collector was used for maintaining the uniformity of the size. The purposes of this study were to examine the influence of electric field in the electrospinning process and to control the morphology of the obtained poly(vinyl alcohol)/PVA nanofibers by changing the solution flow rate. The obtained results were: (1) PVA nanofibers membrane have been successfully produced stacked on the drum collector, (2) distortion of the electric field at the tip of the needle was occurred, which results in inhomogeneous thickness of the stacked nanofibers, and (3) the morphology of the obtained nanofibers at the flow rates of 0.4 and 0.6 ml/hour have many beads while at 0.8 ml/hour the number of beads decreased

Mechanical properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained Zn-Sn coatings

This study investigates the effects of grain size on the mechanical properties of Zn-Sn alloy coatings. Nanocrystalline (average grain size = 78 ± 18 nm) and ultrafine-grained (average grain size = 423 ± 96 nm) Zn-Sn coatings were electrodeposited on steel substrates from gluconate electrolytes containing organic additives. The microstructure, surface roughness and mechanical properties of electrodeposited coatings were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), three dimensional (3D) surface profilometry, nano-hardness, nano-scratch and nano-wear tests. The average surface amplitude parameters such as mean surface roughness (Sa) and root mean square roughness (Sq) decreased by at least 80% while, hardness increased from 209 ± 66 MPa to 523 ± 140 MPa, due to grain refinement from ultrafine-grained to nanocrystalline structure. Nano-scratch results indicated that a deeper grove was formed on the surface of ultrafine-grained coatings than nanocrystalline coatings during the sliding process. For both coatings coefficient of friction increased gradually over the entire sliding duration and reached to maximum of 0.24 ± 0.04 and 0.12 ± 0.02 in ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline coatings respectively. Wear volume of the coatings decreased by 64.5% due to grain refinement from ultrafine-grained to nanocrystalline structure