Recurrence Relations for Moments of Dual Generalized Order Statistics from Weibull Gamma Distribution and Its Characterizations

In this paper, we establish explicit forms and new recurrence relations satisfied by the single and product moments of dual generalized order statistics from Weibull gamma distribution (WGD). The results include as particular cases the relations for moments of reversed order statistics and lower records.We present characterizations ofWGD based on (i) recurrence relation for single moments, (ii) truncated moments of certain function of the variable and (iii) hazrad function

Patterns of Prehistoric Epidemiology and Human Paleopathology

Human paleopathologists are interested in the visible marks of diagnosable disease that reflect various aspects of human biocultural interaction. Whether infectious, nutritional, or a combination of both, pathological characteristics in the dry bone provide some insight into the health of past human populations. Paleoepidemiology and human paleopathology are important parts of ecology in that they deal directly with a major aspect of man\u27s relationship to his environment. The significance of this relationship has, to a large extent, been neglected by human skeletal biologists. The purpose of this study is to examine one of the most important aspects of human biocultural interaction: patterns of nutritional stress

PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN CONNECTED GRAPHS RELATED TO THEIR EDGE METRIC DIMENSION

Metric dimension, resolving sets and edge metric dimension are very important invariants for the resolvability of graphs that have been studied and investigated intensively in the literature over the last decades. Their immense utilization in network topology, master mind games, robot navigation and representation of chemical compounds make their study very attractive. This thesis is concerned with the graph-theoretic properties of certain families of connected graphs related to their edge metric dimension. The main objective of this thesis is to study the comparison of metric dimension ver-sus edge metric dimension of certain families of graphs. The study investigates the relationship between the metric and edges metric dimension of flower snarks graphs, hexagonal Möbius graphs, and octagonal Möbius graphs. The study shows different inequalities results based on the structure of graphs. The comparison between metric and edge metric dimensions of the graph will give a better understanding of the properties of these investigated families of graphs

STRUCTRAL BEHA VIORE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHED FOR SHEAR USING CFRP LAMINATES SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC LOADING

The application of an external strengthening technique such as bonded fibrereinforced polymer (FRP) laminates seems to be an attractive technique to improve the structural behaviour of R.C elements under cyclic loading. FRP composite materials are widely employed because of their high strength to weight ratio, environmental resistance and ease of application over materials such as steel. In this research, an analytical model based on non-linear finite element algorithms coded in FORTRAN language was developed to enable the analysis of R.C beams externally strengthened for shear using CFRP laminates subjected to cyclic loads. 20-noded isoparametric quadrilateral elements with three degrees of freedom per each node were used to represent concrete. Material response is assumed to be orthotropic with tangent stiffness derived from stress-strain relationship for concrete under general biaxial state of stress. The reinforcement bars were represented in discrete manner. Three-dimensional space frame elements and space truss elements were used for this purpose. Material response is assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic. 20-noded elements similar to those used to model concrete elements were used to represent CFRP side plates. Material response is assumed to be elastic-brittle. Discrete cracking approach was used to represent cracking. Primary consideration has been given to the representation of shear transfer mechanisms due to aggregate interlock in cracked concrete and dowel action in reinforcement. Expressions were derived from an analytical model in conjunction with experimental data to provide shear stress and stiffness values for special elements used to model aggregate interlock mechanism. A comparable approach was used to drive expression for dowel action mechanism. The bond-slip phenomenon between concrete and reinforcement was accounted for by using non-dimensional spnng elements. Shear stiffness values for such elements are obtained from expression based on experimental data. A new experimental methodology that enables to study the interfacial behaviour of CFRP-to-concrete joints under cyclic shear loading was developed. An experimental program consisted of testing specified number of push off specimens has been conducted. Mathematical formulation that govern the behaviour of the interface element was obtained, which are found in good agreement with the experimental results. This included the bond-slip behaviour, shear stiffness of interface and its degradation as number of cycle increased as well as the S-N curve. 3-d interface element is used to simulate this phenomenon. The element has sixteen nodes, eight nodes connect to concrete element and the other eight nodes connected to CFRP sheet. The interface was modelled by three linear springs connecting the joint nodes with the same coordinates. A computer program with combined-iterative method was used to solve the non-linear cyclic problem. A parametric analysis has been carried out to study the effect of controlling factors such as shear span-depth ratio, CFRP thickness on structural behaviour of R.C beams strengthened for shear with CFRP laminates subjected to monotonic or cyclic loading. The results from the analytical model were compared with corresponding experimental ones in order to confirm the validity of the analytical algorithm. The comparison between the analytical results and the published results gave a good agreement which indicates that experimental methodology proved to be appropriate and valid and that the analytical algorithm is quite efficient tool to study the structural behaviour of such element under cyclic loading as well as monotonic loading. Vl

Entropy per rapidity in Pb-Pb central collisions using Thermal and Artificial neural network(ANN) models at LHC energies

The entropy per rapidity $d S/d y$ produced in central Pb-Pb ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions at LHC energies is calculated using experimentally observed identified particle spectra and source radii estimated from Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) for particles, $\pi$, $k$, $p$, $\Lambda$, $\Omega$, and $\bar{\Sigma}$, and $\pi$, $k$, $p$, $\Lambda$ and $K_s^0$ at $\sqrt{s}$ $=2.76$ and $5.02$ TeV, respectively. Artificial neural network (ANN) simulation model is used to estimate the entropy per rapidity $d S/d y$ at the considered energies. The simulation results are compared with equivalent experimental data, and good agreement is achieved. A mathematical equation describes experimental data is obtained. Extrapolating the transverse momentum spectra at $p_T$ $=0$ is required to calculate $d S/d y$ thus we use two different fitting functions, Tsallis distribution and the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model. The success of ANN model to describe the experimental measurements will imply further prediction for the entropy per rapidity in the absence of the experiment

On the Three-Parameter Burr Type XII Distribution and its Application to Heavy Tailed Lifetime Data

This paper identifies the characteristics of three-parameter Burr Type XII distribution and discusses its utility in survivorship applications. It addresses the problem of estimating the three-parameter Burr XII distribution and its doubly truncated version. The results are applied on a real dataset by fitting the distribution to the survival time of breast cancer patients in the Gaza Strip. These data are known to have a heavy tailed distribution since patients in this area received different protocols of treatments in different levels of hospitals locally and abroad. The findings indicated that the estimates of the parameters of the truncated distribution are more efficient than those obtained from the original distribution since the distribution is heavy tailed and involves many highly extreme observations

Estimating Sheep Pain Level Using Facial Action Unit Detection

Assessing pain levels in animals is a crucial, but time-consuming process in maintaining their welfare. Facial expressions in sheep are an efficient and reliable indicator of pain levels. In this paper, we have extended techniques for recognising human facial expressions to encompass facial action units in sheep, which can then facilitate automatic estimation of pain levels. Our multi-level approach starts with detection of sheep faces, localisation of facial landmarks, normalisation and then extraction of facial features. These are described using Histogram of Oriented Gradients, and then classified using Support Vector Machines. Our experiments show an overall accuracy of 67% on sheep Action Units classification. We argue that with more data, our approach on automated pain level assessment can be generalised to other animals