Telosentis exiguus (von Linstow, 1901) (Palaeacanthocephala: Illiosentidae), a generalist parasite of fishes in the Mediterranean basin

The morphology of material of the acanthocephalan genus Telosentis van Cleave, 1923 from different parts of the Mediterranean basin is examined in order to assess the validity of T. molini van Cleave, 1923. A redescription of T. exiguus, a generalist species of fishes in the Mediterranean basin, is presented especially in relation to the number of proboscis hooks. The main characteristic of T. exiguus is a cylindrical or club-shaped proboscis, which is covered with 12 longitudinal rows of 14–19 hooks in males and 16–20 in females. Males and females differ in both body size and the number of proboscis hooks. T. molini is considered a junior synonym of T. exiguus. A key to the species of Telosentis is presented

The investment approach to economic analysis and modern keynesianism

У статті розглянуто адекватність різних напрямів неокейнсіанської теорії завданням наукового обґрунтування економічної політики України, яка спрямована на вихід із кризи. Доведено, що вихід із кризи варто шукати, передусім, завдяки розширенню інвестиційного попиту. У такій депресивній економіці вслід за зростанням інвестицій неминуче має збільшуватись й споживання, не загрожуючи при цьому посиленням інфляції. Тому високого рівня споживання можна досягти завдяки інвестиціям. На конкретному прикладі показано, що перенесення акценту зі споживчого на інвестиційний попит дозволяє обійти протиріччя між кейнсіанством і монетаризмом. Висловлюється пропозиція про те, аби випуск нових грошей був інституційним, як можна більш безпосередньо пов’язаним з інвестиціями в розвиток реального виробництва і тим самим забезпечений товарним покриттям. Зроблено висновок про те, що в тих конкретно-історичних умовах, в яких знаходиться сьогодні Україна, можна стимулювати вихід із кризи і пожвавлення економіки, не вдаючись до інфляційного фінансування.В статье рассмотрена адекватность разных направлений неокейнсианской теории заданиям научного обоснования экономической политики Украины, которая направлена на выход из кризиса. Доказано, что выход из кризиса необходимо искать, прежде всего, в расширении инвестиционного спроса. В такой депрессивной экономике вслед за ростом инвестиций неминуемо начнет расти и потребление, не угрожая при этом усилением инфляции. Поэтому высокого уровня потребления можно достичь благодаря инвестициям. На конкретном примере показано, что смещение акцента с потребительского на инвестиционный спрос позволяет обойти противоречие между кейнсианством и монетаризмом. Высказывается предложение о том, чтобы выпуск новых денег был институционным, как можно более непосредственно связанным с инвестициями в развитие реального производства и, тем самым, обеспечен товарным покрытием. Сделан вывод о том, что в тех конкретно-исторических условиях, в которых находится сегодня Украина, можно стимулировать выход из кризиса и оживление экономики, не прибегая к инфляционному финансированию.The article considers the adequacy of different directions of neokeynesian theory to the tasks of scientific substantiation of the economic policy in Ukraine, which is aimed at overcoming the crisis. It is proved, that the solution to crisis needs to be searched, primarily, in the expansion of investment demand. In such a depressed economy after growth of investments will inevitably begin to grow the consumption without threatening in this case increasing of inflation. Therefore, the high levels of consumption can be achieved through investments. On the particular example it is showed, that a shift in emphasis from consumer to investment demand allows to bypass the contradiction between keynesianism and monetarism. It was suggested that the issue of new money was an institutional, as more as possible directly linked with investments in the development of real production and, thereby, ensured by commodity coverage. It is concluded, that in the concrete historical conditions in which Ukraine is today, it is possible to stimulate recovery from the crisis and revitalizing the economy without resorting to inflationary financing

Accounting the movements of goods: legal aspects

У статті досліджено питання функціонування нормативно-правової бази щодо регулювання торговельної діяльності. Розглянуто проблеми нормативно-правового регулювання, які пов’язані з проведенням, організацією торговельної діяльності, відображенням операцій з руху товарів в бухгалтерському обліку. Досліджено вплив на здійснення торговельної діяльності та визначення особливостей операцій з рухом товарів нормативно-правових актів різного рівня. Проаналізовано суперечливість положень нормативно-правової бази для окремих видів торгівлі (фірмової, комісійної). Обґрунтовано доцільність розробки методичних рекомендацій з бухгалтерського обліку руху товарів з урахуванням сучасних способів та форм здійснення торгівлі.В статье исследованы вопросы функционирования нормативно-правовой базы по регулированию торговой деятельности. Рассмотрены проблемы нормативно-правового регулирования, которые связаны с проведением, организацией торговой деятельности, отражением операций, связанных с движением товаров в бухгалтерском учете. Исследовано влияние на проведение торговой деятельности и выявление особенностей операций с движением товаров нормативно-правовых актов разного уровня. Проанализирована противоречивость некоторых положений нормативно-правовой базы для отдельных видов торговли (фирменной, комиссионной). Обоснована целесообразность разработки методических рекомендаций по бухгалтерскому учету движения товаров с учетом современных способов и форм осуществления торговли.The issues of the functioning of legislative base of regulation of trading activity are investigated in the article. The problems of legislative regulation which are related with the conducting and organization of trading activity, representation of goods movement operations in accounting are reviewed. The effect on trading activity and defining the features of the transactions with the movement of goods of legislative acts of various levels is examined. The contradictions of provisions of the legislative base for certain types of commerce (trade, commission trade) are analyzed. The expediency of developing of guidelines in accounting of goods movement in accordance with modern methods and forms of trade is grounded

Meiofaunal Biodiversity in a Marine Protected Area: a Case Study in the Rocky and Sedimentary Shores of the Snake Island (North-Western Black Sea)

This study provided a preliminary comparative analysis of meiobenthic assemblages in different habitats of the Snake Island Marine Protected Area (MPA). Meiobenthos was studied in three habitats: Exposed Black Sea upper infralittoral rock with Corallinales turf (MB142), Mytilid dominated exposed Black Sea upper infralittoral rock with foliose algae (no Fucales) (MB143) and Black Sea infralittoral sand and muddy sand without macroalgae (MB542). A total of 10 higher meiobenthos taxa were recorded in the different habitats: 5 permanent groups (Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Harpacticoida (Copepoda), Ostracoda, Halacaridae) and 5 temporary groups (Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cyrripedia). The preliminary study of meiobenthos in the habitats of the Snake Island MPA showed that habitat MB143 was more favourable for meiobenthos, with the highest mean density and biomass (190655 ± 23004 ind.-m-2 and 3170.90 ± 412.15 mg-m-2, respectively). The comparative nMDS and cluster analyses based on the density of meiobenthos taxa in the Snake Island MPA showed that the meiofauna of both MB142 and MB143 differed significantly from the MB542 habitat, with Bivalvia and Ostracoda making the largest percentage contribution to these differences. The meiobenthos assemblages in the different habitats of the Snake Island MPA were similar to the other regions of the Black Sea with some unique features (e.g. relatively lower total meiobenthos density, high percentage of ostracodes on the algal substrate, etc.). Further studies on the characteristics of meiobenthos taxa assemblages in other Black Sea MPAs could lead to the estimation of meiobenthos assemblage patterns and their possible use in biomonitoring

Parasites of non-native freshwater fishes introduced into england and wales suggest enemy release and parasite acquisition

When non-native species are introduced into a new range, their parasites can also be introduced, with these potentially spilling-over into native hosts. However, in general, evidence suggests that a high proportion of their native parasites are lost during introduction and infections by some new parasites from the native range might occur, potentially resulting in parasite spill-back to native species. These processes were investigated here using parasite surveys and literature review on seven non-native freshwater fishes introduced into England and Wales. Comparison of the mean numbers of parasite species and genera per population for each fish species England andWaleswith their native ranges revealed\9 % of the native parasite fauna were present in their populations in England and Wales. There was no evidence suggesting these introduced parasites had spilled over into sympatric native fishes. The non-native fishes did acquire parasites following their introduction, providing potential for parasite spill-back to sympatric fishes, and resulted in non-significant differences in overall mean numbers of parasites per populations between the two ranges. Through this acquisition, the non-native fishes also had mean numbers of parasite species and genera per population that were not significantly different to sympatric native fishes. Thus, the non-native fishes in England and Wales showed evidence of enemy release, acquired new parasites following introduction providing potential for spill-back, but showed no evidence of parasite spill-over

A comparative analysis of helminth faunas and infection parameters of ten species of gobiid fishes (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) from the north-western Black Sea

Background. Fishes of the family Gobiidae may be definitive-, intermediate-, or paratenic hosts of parasites with mature stages infecting a variety of vertebrates, including humans. This group of fishes constitutes a convenient ecological model for studying the processes of colonisation by parasites. Learning these processes may contribute to a better, more complex, understanding of organismal interrelationships within respective habitats. The aim of this study was to compare the helminth infection levels of different gobiid species in the north-western Black Sea (NWBS). Materials and methods. The fishes were sampled within 1996–2003 at different seasons (excepting winter) in the NWBS. A total of 2102 specimens of 10 goby species—the black goby, Gobius niger, the knout (toad) goby, Mesogobius batrachocephalus, the mushroom goby, Neogobius eurycephalus, the monkey goby, N. fluviatilis, the round goby, N. melanostomus, the ratan goby, N. ratan, the syrman goby, N. syrman, the marbled goby, Pomatoschistus marmoratus, the tubenose goby, Proterorhinus marmoratus, the grass goby, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus—were examined for helminths. The Czekanowski–Sørensen index (Ics) was used for comparing the helminth faunas. The infection indices were compared using the discriminant analysis. Results. The fishes examined yielded a total of 24 helminth species. Four parasite species were common for all hosts surveyed: Cryptocotyle concavum MET, C.lingua MET, Dichelyne minutus, and Acanthocephaloides propinquus. Telosentis exiguus infected six host species, Eustrongylides excisus—five of them, while Pygidiopsis genata Streptocara crassicauda L3 were found in four gobiids. Five parasites species (Proteocephalus gobiorum, Asymphylodora pontica, Acanthostomum imbutiformis MET, Raphidascaris sp. L3, and Streptocara crassicauda) were common for three host fish species, while another four helminths (Bucephalus polymorphus MET, Nicolla skrjabini, Contracaecum rudolphii L3, and Acanthocephalus lucii) were found in two gobiids only. A total of ten parasite taxa were found to infect single hosts species (Bothriocephalus gregarius PL, Ligula pavlovskii PL, Proteocephalus gobiorum PL, P. subtilis, Proteocephalus sp. PL, Paratimonia gobii, Aphalloides coelomicola, Aphalloides coelomicola MET, Contracaecum microcephalum L3, and Anisakidae gen. sp. L3). The most stable indices of gobiid infection were determined for nematode D. minutus. Conclusion. The observed differences in the species composition of helminth faunas of different gobiids were related to the zoogeographical origin of a host species, the ecological specificity of their habitats (e.g. salinity), and the biology of individual parasites

The assemblage of fish of the Tyligul River (Black-Sea basin of South-Western Ukraine)

In this paper, the fish assemblage of the lower flow of the Tyligul River (173 km length), North-Western Black Sea basin is described. Studies were conducted at the Odessa region in 2012 and 2014. The riverbed in there sites is overgrown, boggy, and the salinity is up to 2 ‰. In total, 12 fish species from four families were registered from 690 specimens. Some of the materials are transferred to the collection fund of the National Museum of Natural History of NAS of Ukraine in Kyiv. This is the first collection of samples in the museum collections of the basin, excluding Tyligul Estuary, it has high salinity and therefore is close to marine fish fauna. The fish assemblage includes two introduced species, the stone moroko Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846), and the Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), while the others are native. The most numerous species were the belica, Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) and the stone moroko. Predominant fish limnophyls are unpretentious to the oxygen content in water. Some of Ukrainian sticklebacks Pungitius platygaster (Kessler, 1859) had parasites Lernaea cf. elegans (Copepoda: Lerneidae), and the majority of the studied specimens were infected. Species belonging to white-fin gudgeon Romanogobio sp. from Tyligul is controversial and needs further investigation as river basin is on the verge of habitat of several species of the genus

Ukrainian names of lampreys and fishes of the fauna of Ukraine

The Ukrainian vernacular names of species, also higher taxonomic ranges, of lampreys and fishes of Ukrainian fauna are discussed and listed in the study. The new list of the scientific names in Latin is presented taking into account the current taxonomic revisions, the Ukrainian names are presented taking after the critic analysis the data from the publication since the beginning of 20th century, also taking into account the current Ukrainian orthography