Information theoretic analysis of LSD scheme

In this paper, the capacity region of Low Density Signature Multiple Access Channel (LDS-MAC) is calculated through information theoretic analysis. LDS Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-CDMA) uses spreading sequences of low density for spreading the data symbols in time domain. This technique benefits from a less complex Multiuser Detector (MUD) compared to conventional CDMA with optimum MUD; while keeping the performance close to the single user scenario for up to 200% loaded conditions. Also evaluated is the effect of different factors on the capacity of LDS MAC

Peranan Guru dalam Membina Perilaku Siswa Bermasalah pada Proses Belajar Mengajar Sosiologi

The purpose of this research is to know the teacher's role in fostering a problematic student behavior in the process of learning and teaching sociology in class X.B SMA Islamiyah Pontianak. The method used is descriptive qualitative methods. With the data collection technique used is direct observation, direct communication, and the study of documentary. Datacollection tools used are observation guide, interviews guide, and documentation. Results of research done at 11 troubled students and a teacher of Sociology show that the role of the teacher in fostering student behavior problematic have not completely well done. As an example of the teachers dressed neat and clean, using the language of polite, hard working, and enter class on time. As a motivator, teacher dont give praise to the well-behaved students, just give punishment to students who commit violations. As supervisors, teachers give advice and punishment deterrent effect to students contains the violation

Dampak Mengkonsumsi Minuman Keras Arak pada Remaja di Dusun Aur Sampuk

The objective of this research was to know the effect of dringking the alcohol of the teenagers in Aur Sampuk of Sengah Temila District in Landak Regency. In this reserch the researcher used the qualitative descriptive method. The techniques of data collection were observation, interview and the study of documentation, whereas the tools of data collection were the directive of observation, directive of interview, the notes and the files. The result of this research showed that the healthy of the teenagers as the effects of dringking the alcohol was showed by their thin body, concave and red eyes, black lips, and walking with tottering steps, even they vomited and could not wake up. Theimpact of drinking the alcohol for their spirit were they talked too much about strange and pornographic things, they were easier to be offended and angry, their moods were changeable, they always smoke, they never focused and sometimes they hold their heads. Dringking alcohol also gave the bad impacts to the safety of society, such as making the noise till the midnight, playing the loud music, screaming, singing with loud voice, stealing and caused the contention

Peran Guru dalam Pembentukan Kepribadian Disiplin Siswa SMP Negeri 11 Kota Pontianak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk peran guru dalam pembentukan kepribadian disiplin siswa SMP Negeri 11 Kota Pontianak. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Sumber data primer penelitian yaitu 4 orang guru serta 3 orang siswa yang sering melakukan pelanggaran disiplin di SMP Negeri 11 Kota Pontianak dan data sekunder berupa dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru sudah berperan dalam pembentukan kepribadian siswa yang terdiri dari peran guru dalam mengarahkan seperti pengarahan serta pembiasaan. Kemudian peran guru dalam membimbing siswa yaitu adanya buku bimbingan, progam bimbingan dan membimbing pada kegiatan keagamaan. Selanjutnya peran guru dalam mengawasi siswa dengan adanya buku pengawasan serta kerjasama antara orang tua dan sekolah. Peran guru yang terakhir ialah guru sebagai pemimpin yakni guru menjadi teladan baik bagi siswa serta bertindak sesuai dengan norma yang berlaku. Kata kunci : Peran Guru, Kepribadian Disiplin. Abstrack: The purpose of this study was to determine the teacher's role on the development of the students of SMP Negeri 11 Kota Pontianak's discilinary personality. This is a descriptive qualitative research. The data was taken from interview, observastion and documentation. The primary data sources consist of 4 teachers and 3 students who usually break the rules and the secondary data is documentations. The result of this study shows that the teachers have to always guide the students to make them be more discipline. In this case the teacher using guidance and counselling book, counselling program and established some religious organizatition. The teachers also connected the parents by using a book to improve the corporation of school and parents. Last, the writer found that teacher has role as leader, where the teacher be a good model to be exemplary for students

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pelajaran PKn Dengan Menggunakan Metode Diskusi Di Kelas III SD Inpres Banpres Posona

Permasalahan utama pada penelitian ini adalah pemahaman yang minim pada pelajaran PKn, sehingga hasil belajar siswa kelas III SD Inpres Banpres Posona tidak mencapai target yang ditentukan sesuai dengan KKM yaitu 70.Oleh sebab itu peneliti ingin menggunakan metode yang bisa meninggkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran PKn. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran PKn dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pemberian evaluasi dan observasi/ pengamatan serta data hasil belajar siswa yang diperoleh dengan pemberian tes individu kepada siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dengan materi kekhasan bangsa Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pada tindakan siklus I siswa yang tuntas 9 dari 13 siswa dengan ketuntasan klasikan 69, 2 %, aktivitas guru sebesar 70,8 % dalam kategori baik ,aktivitas siswa sebesar 63,8 % dalam kategori cukup. Hasil belajar siklus II siswa yang tuntas 13 dari 13 siswa dengan ketuntasan klasikal 100%, aktivitas guru 93,7 %, aktivitas siswa 94,4 % dan berada dalam kategori sangat baik.Berdasarkan indikator kinerja keberhasilan penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode diskusi dapat meningktkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran PKn di kelas III SD Inpres Banpres Posona

Improving diagnosis and oral vaccination strategies against bovine tuberculosis

In this work peptide antigens [ESAT-6,p45 in water (1ml, 1mg/ml)] have been adsorbed onto 10mg inorganic substrates (hydroxyapatite (MHA P201;P120, CHA), polystyrene, calcium carbonate and glass microspheres) and in vitro release characteristics were determined. The aim of formulation was to enhance the interaction of peptides with antigen presenting cells and to achieve rapid peptide release from the carrier compartment system in a mildly acidic environment. Hydroxyapatite microparticle P201 has a greater surface area and thus has the largest peptide adsorption compared to the P120. CHA gave a further higher adsorption due to larger surface area than that available on microparticles. These particles were incorporated into the BOVIGAMTM assay to determine if they improve the sensitivity. After overnight incubation the blood plasma was removed and the amount of IFN-g in each plasma sample was estimated. CHA and MHA P201 gave a significantly higher immune response at low peptide concentration compared to the free peptide, thus indicating that these systems can be used to evaluate Tuberculosis (TB) amongst cattle using the BOVIGAMTM assay. Badgers are a source of TB and pass infection to cattle. At the moment vaccination against TB in badgers is via the parenteral route and requires a trained veterinary surgeon as well as catching the badgers. This process is expensive and time consuming; consequently an oral delivery system for delivery of BCG vaccines is easier and cheaper. The initial stage involved addition of various surfactants and suspending agents to disperse BCG and the second stage involved testing for BCG viability. Various copolymers of Eudragit were used as enteric coating systems to protect BCG against the acidic environment of the stomach (SGF, 0.1M HCl pH 1.2 at 37oC) while dissolving completely in the alkaline environment of the small intestine (SIF, IM PBS solution pH 7.4 at 37oC). Eudragit L100 dispersed in 2ml PBS solution and 0.9ml Tween 80 (0.1%w/v) gave the best results remaining intact in SGF loosing only approximately 10-15% of the initial weight and dissolving completely within 3 hours. BCG was incorporated within the matrix formulation adjusted to pH 7 at the initial formulation stage containing PBS solution and Tween 80. It gave viability of x106 cfu/ml at initial formulation stage, freezing and freeze-drying stages. After this stage the matrix was compressed at 4 tons for 3 mins and placed in SGF for 2 hours and then in SIF until dissolved. The BCG viability dropped to x106 cfu/ml. There is potential to develop it further for oral delivery of BCG vaccine

Peri-prostatic fat volume measurement as a predictive tool for castration resistance in advanced prostate cancer

Background: Obesity and aggressive prostate cancer (PC) may be linked, but how local peri-prostatic fat relates to tumour response following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is unknown. Objective: To test if peri-prostatic fat volume (PPFV) predicts tumour response to ADT. Design, setting, and participants: We performed a retrospective study on consecutive patients receiving primary ADT. From staging pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scans, the PPFV was quantified with OsirixX 6.5 imaging software. Statistical (univariate and multivariate) analysis were performed using R Version 3.2.1. Results and limitations: Of 224 consecutive patients, 61 with advanced (≥T3 or N1 or M1) disease had (3-mm high resolution axial sections) pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scan before ADT. Median age = 75 yr; median PPFV = 24.8 cm3 (range, 7.4–139.4 cm3). PPFV was significantly higher in patients who developed castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC; n = 31), with a median of 37.9 cm3 compared with 16.1 cm3 (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon rank sum test) in patients who showed sustained response to ADT (n = 30). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards models were performed controlling for known predictors of CRPC. PPFV was shown to be independent of all included factors, and the most significant predictor of time to CRPC. Using our multivariate model consisting of all known factors prior to ADT, PPFV significantly improved the area under the curve of the multivariate models receiver operating characteristic analysis. The main study limitation is a relatively small cohort to account for multiple variables, necessitating a future large-scale prospective analysis of PPFV in advanced PC. Conclusions: PPFV quantification in patients with advanced PC predicts tumour response to ADT