Synthesis of polyamides from diamines of the fluorene series

Aromatic polyamides were prepared by polycondensation of isophthaloyl chloride and 2,7-diaminofluorene, 2,7-dimainofluorenone, or 2,5-diaminofluorenone in AcNMe2 or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at 20 deg - 30 deg for 1.5-2 hr. Isophthaloyl chloride-2,5-diaminofluorenone copolymer 39609-29-51 was sol. in AcNMe2, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, DMF, and hexamethylphosphoramide, whereas isophthaloyl chloride-2,7-diamino-fluorene copolymer 39609-30-3 and isophthaloyl chloride-2,7-diamino-fluorenone copolymer 39609-31-0 were not sol. in the solvents cited. The aromatic polyamides revealed thixotropic properties in 0.5% solutions in H2SO4

Prisoners of War in Russia during World War I: Daily Life (on Materials of Tobolsk Province)

The features of daily life of prisoners of war during the First World War are studied. In her research the author uses a representative source base of both published and unpublished materials from the funds of the State Archive of Tobolsk. It is reported that one of the places of prisoners of war was the Omsk military district and the Tobolsk province that was part of it. Information is given that prisoners of war were in the territory of the region from 1914 to 1918. They were compactly arranged in almost all the provincial centres, and were dispersed in small villages. Features of extreme daily life in which displaced persons lived in Western Siberia during the First World War are revealed. The analysis of archival documents and periodicals that have preserved information about the daily life of foreigners in captivity is made. Features of placement and maintenance of prisoners of war in the region in the specified period are characterized. It is reported about the difficulties of the organizational plan on the poor living conditions of the displaced persons. In particular, the assessment of the organization of medical and sanitary-hygienic service of prisoners is given. It is emphasized that in the analyzed period the question of bringing prisoners of war to the fulfillment of labour duties was relevant

PRAXIOCENTRALISM IN THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF THE TEACHER

Introduction. The main objective of the professional standard, systematizing the work function of a teacher, is to describe not personal qualities of teachers but the process and outcome of their activities. The logic of the development of the professional standard involves the analysis of teaching activities and evaluation of its results, which should possess the properties of measurability and diagnosability. The aim of the present publication is to identify praxiological foundations of the professional standard of the teacher via a comparative analysis of the requirements and fundamental concepts of praxeology – a General theory of successful activities developed by domestic and foreign authors and reflected in monographic and dissertation researches.Methodology and methods of research. Methodological basis of research is the ideas of system, activity and praxiological approaches. Results. The authors prove that pedagogical praxeology as the science and practice of effective organization of pedagogical activity is a new mechanism to describe the characteristics of pedagogical activity and formation of complex of professional portrait of the teacher. Pedagogical praxeology as the mechanism: establishes the framework of competences of the teacher; defines the requirements for structured content, conditions and quality of work of the teacher, their qualifications and competences in the field of professional activity; provides the necessary compliance awareness of teacher’s requirements; describes methods of assessing the development of competencies of teachers; promotes the involvement of the teacher in the task of improving the quality of education; serves as the basis for constructing a continuous trajectory of increasing level of professional training of each teacher.Scientific novelty. The content of professional standards from the standpoint of the praxiological approach is investigated; conceptual ideas of praxeology, defining role and position of praxiocentralism in the professional standard are highlighted; criteria and indicators of an estimation of labour activity of the teacher from the point of view of its efficiency and effectiveness are given. Practical significance. This study contributes to the solution of theoretical and practical problems of correlation existing Federal educational state standards (FESS) and professional standards. This is especially important due to the possibility of subsequent approval and implementation into the pedagogical practices of the next generation of FESS developed on the basis of professional standards. Введение. Основная задача профессионального стандарта, систематизирующего трудовые функции педагога, состоит в описании не личностных качеств педагога, а процесса и результата его деятельности. Логика разработки профессионального стандарта предполагает анализ педагогической деятельности и оценивание ее результатов, которые должны обладать свойствами измеряемости и диагностируемости.Цель изложенного в статье исследования заключается в выявлении праксиологических основ профессионального стандарта педагога посредством сопоставительного анализа его требований и фундаментальных идей праксиологии – общей теории успешной деятельности, разрабатываемой отечественными и зарубежными авторами и отраженной в монографических и диссертационных исследованиях.Методология. Методологическую основу исследования составляют идеи системного, деятельностного и праксиологического подходов. Результаты. Доказано, что педагогическая праксиология как наука и практика эффективной организации педагогической деятельности является новым действенным механизмом описания характеристик педагогической деятельности, формирования комплексного профессионального портрета педагога. Праксиология устанавливает рамки его компетенций, определяет структурированные требования к содержанию, условиям и качеству труда, квалификации и компетенциям в области профессиональной деятельности, обеспечивает необходимое соответствие осведомленности педагога предъявляемым к нему требованиям, характеризует способы оценки освоения компетенций учителей, способствует вовлечению педагога в решение задачи повышения качества образования, служит основой для выстраивания непрерывной траектории повышения уровня профессиональной подготовки каждого педагога. Научная новизна. Исследовано содержание профессионального стандарта с позиций праксиологического подхода, выделены концептуальные идеи праксиологии, определяющие место и роль праксиоцентризма в профессиональном стандарте, предложены критерии и показатели оценки трудовой деятельности педагога с точки зрения ее эффективности и результативности. Практическая значимость. Проведенное исследование вносит вклад в решение теоретических и практических проблем соотнесения существующих федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов (ФГОС) и профессиональных стандартов. Это особенно важно для утверждения и внедрения в педагогическую практику следующего поколения ФГОС, разрабатываемых на основе профессиональных стандартов.

PRAXIOCENTRALISM IN THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF THE TEACHER (Continuation of the article)

Introduction. The main objective of the professional standard, systematizing the work function of a teacher, is to describe not personal qualities of teachers but the process and outcome of their activities. The logic of the development of the professional standard involves the analysis of teaching activities and evaluation of its results, which should possess the properties of measurability and diagnosability.The aim of the present publication is to identify praxiological foundations of the professional standard of the teacher via a comparative analysis of the requirementsand fundamental concepts of praxeology – a General theory of successful activities developed by domestic and foreign authors and reflected in monographic and dissertation researches.Methodology and methods of research. Methodological basis of research is the ideas of system, activity and praxiological approaches. Results. The authors prove that pedagogical praxeology as the science and practice of effective organization of pedagogical activity is a new mechanism to describe the characteristics of pedagogical activity and formation of complex of professional portrait of the teacher. Pedagogical praxeology as the mechanism: establishes the framework of competences of the teacher; defines the requirements for structured content, conditions and quality of work of the teacher, their qualifications and competences in the field of professional activity; provides the necessary compliance awareness of teacher’s requirements; describes methods of assessing the development of competencies of teachers; promotes the involvement of the teacher in the task of improving the quality of education; serves as the basis for constructing a continuous trajectory of increasing level of professional training of each teacher. Scientific novelty. The content of professional standards from the standpoint of the praxiological approach is investigated; conceptual ideas of praxeology, defining role and position of praxiocentralism in the professional standard are highlighted; criteria and indicators of an estimation of labour activity of the teacher from the point of view of its efficiency and effectiveness are given. Practical significance. This study contributes to the solution of theoretical and practical problems of correlation existing Federal educational state standards (FESS) and professional standards. This is especially important due to the possibility of subsequent approval and implementation into the pedagogical practices of the next generation of FESS developed on the basis of professional standards.Введение. Основная задача профессионального стандарта, систематизирующего трудовые функции педагога, состоит в описании не личностных качеств педагога, а процесса и результата его деятельности. Логика разработки профессионального стандарта предполагает анализ педагогической деятельности и оценивание ее результатов, которые должны обладать свойствами измеряемости и диагностируемости. Цель изложенного в статье исследования заключается в выявлении праксиологических основ профессионального стандарта педагога посредством сопоставительного анализа его требований и фундаментальных идей праксиологии – общей теории успешной деятельности, разрабатываемой отечественными и зарубежными авторами и отраженной в монографических и диссертационных исследованиях. Методология и методики исследования. Методологическую основу исследования составляют идеи системного, деятельностного и праксиологического подходов. Результаты. Доказано, что педагогическая праксиология как наука и практика эффективной организации педагогической деятельности является новым действенным механизмом описания характеристик педагогической деятельности, формирования комплексного профессионального портрета педагога, который устанавливает рамки его компетенций, определяет структурированные требования к содержанию, условиям и качеству труда, квалификации и компетенциям в области  профессиональной деятельности, обеспечивает необходимое соответствие осведомленности педагога предъявляемым к нему требованиям, характеризует способы оценки освоения компетенций учителей, способствует вовлечению педагога в решение задачи повышения качества образования, служит основой для  выстраивания непрерывной траектории повышения уровня профессиональной подготовки каждого педагога.Научная новизна. Исследовано содержание профессионального стандарта с позиций праксиологического подхода, выделены концептуальные идеи праксиологии, определяющие место и роль праксиоцентризма в профессиональном стандарте, предложены критерии и показатели оценки трудовой деятельности педагога с точки зрения ее эффективности и результативности. Практическая значимость. Проведенное исследование вносит вклад в решение теоретических и практических проблем соотнесения существующих федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов (ФГОС) и профессиональных стандартов. Это особенно важно для возможности утверждения и внедрения в педагогическую практику следующего поколения ФГОС, разрабатываемых на основе профессиональных стандартов

To the Issue of Necessity of Legal Regulation of Electronic Commerce in Russia and Abroad

The article considers the current state of the issue on the existing legal regulation of e-commerce in Russia and abroad. In the article identified the features of law enforcement, legal gaps in the area of electronic commerce

El desarrollo del habla coherente de niños en edad preescolar con trastornos del habla en el proceso de actividades de desarrollo cognitivo

At the present stage of development of defectological science and practice, the problem of speech correction of children with disabilities, in particular, preschool children with General underdevelopment of speech (GUS) has a great scientific and practical importance. The overcoming of speech disorders and the ability to choose an educational route determine the need of the organization and determination of the content of targeted comprehensive speech therapy assistance. The article scientifically justifies the possibility of using cognitive research activities to improve the performance of the speech development of children with disabilities. The efficiency of the program of development of coherent speech of preschool children with General underdevelopment of speech in cognitive research activity is experimentally proved. It is clearly shown that the inclusion of preschool children with General underdevelopment in the educational and research activities promotes the formation and development of skills of making coherent statements: phrases and sentences of the story on the demonstrated actions, story description, story based on personal experience.En la etapa actual de desarrollo de la ciencia y práctica defectológica, el problema de la corrección del habla de los niños con discapacidades, en particular, los niños en edad preescolar con subdesarrollo general del habla (GUS) tiene una gran importancia científica y práctica. La superación de los trastornos del habla y la capacidad de elegir una ruta educativa determinan la necesidad de la organización y la determinación del contenido de la asistencia integral de terapia del habla. El artículo justifica científicamente la posibilidad de utilizar actividades de investigación cognitiva para mejorar el rendimiento del desarrollo del habla de niños con discapacidades. La eficacia del programa de desarrollo del habla coherente de niños en edad preescolar con subdesarrollo general del habla en la actividad de investigación cognitiva se demuestra experimentalmente. Se muestra claramente que la inclusión de niños en edad preescolar con subdesarrollo general en las actividades educativas y de investigación promueve la formación y el desarrollo de habilidades para hacer declaraciones coherentes: frases y oraciones de la historia sobre las acciones demostradas, descripción de la historia, historia basada en la experiencia personal

Sustainable development of the Russian market of organic agro-industrial complex

Organic agriculture is a dynamically developing area of the global agro-industrial complex. Global climate problems and the depletion of natural resources across the planet dictate the need to review the food production technologies used. Excessive intensification of agricultural production through soil mineralization and fertilization, hormonal stimulation of animal and plant growth has led to the deterioration of water, soil, air quality and overall health. Therefore, the problem of reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment is the main trend of implementing the principles of organic production. The paper developed recommendations for the strategic development of the Russian market of organic production within the framework of the current EAEU agreement. Conclusions were made on the expansion of instruments of state incentives for the development of organic agricultural production in a changing world economic relations and integration. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023

Synthesis and vibrational spectra of some 2-alkoxy-5,6-benzo-1,3,2-dioxastibepines

1) Tranesterification of the respective antimony trialkoxides with phthalyl alcohol have 2-methoxy-, 2-ethoxy-, and 2-tert-butoxy-5,6-benzo-1,3,2-dioxastibepines. 2) According to the IR and Raman spectra, 2-ethoxy- and 2-tert-butoxy-5,6-benzo-1,3,2-dioxastibepines are polymerized in the crystalline phase; the νSb-O frequencies are at least 100 cm-1 higher in melt and in solution than in the crystalline phase; they exist both as dimer and monomer. 2-tert-butoxy-5,6-benzo-1,3,2-dioxastibepine exists predominantly in the chair conformation. © 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Green strategies for the sustainable growth of food security

Modern society today is reconsidering its development strategy in the light of changing environmental conditions. The global climatic changes observed over the last 30-40 years require not just a careful attitude toward nature and resources, but a comprehensive review of the technologies of production and processing of raw materials and resources. The consumer strategy that has dominated society for the past 2-3 centuries must be completely transformed into a new philosophy of sustainable development of economic systems and growth of food supply for the growing world population. Deteriorating production conditions and resource depletion will not allow a growing humanity to develop at the same speed without a sustainable food base. Therefore, the task of increasing food security becomes a priority in the strategy for the development of the national economy. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023