Adopción y difusión de prácticas de no laboreo en el olivar de la provincia de Granada

[EN] This paper analyses the process of adoption of no-tillage in the olive groves of the Southern Spanish province of Granada. The data used comes from a survey carried out in 2005-2006 to 215 olive farmers. We first analyse the diffusion process of no-tillage practices over time by estimating several diffusion models. Then we identify some factors that determine their adoption by estimating two binomial probit models. Our results show that no-tillage is practiced by 90% of surveyed farmers. The diffusion process of no-tillage practices has been intense since the middle nineties, and has been based on the interactions among farmers in the area of study rather than influenced by other external factors. Some relevant factors that influence the adoption of no-tillage practices are irrigation, the continuity of the farming activity by some relative or farmer’s perception of the soil erosion problem.[ES] En este trabajo se analiza el proceso de adopción del no laboreo en el olivar de la provincia de Granada utilizando información procedente de un sondeo realizado en 2005-2006 a 215 olivicultores. Se analiza en primer lugar el proceso de difusión agregada de las prácticas de no laboreo realizadas en la zona mediante la estimación de varios modelos de difusión temporal. A continuación se identifican, mediante la estimación de dos modelos probit, algunos factores que influyen en la adopción de dichas prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo las prácticas de no laboreo son realizadas por el 90% de los agricultores. Su difusión ha sido intensa desde mediados de los noventa, predominando el efecto imitación, basado en la interacción entre los agricultores de la zona, sobre otros factores externos. Algunos factores que influyen en la adopción de las diferentes prácticas de no laboreo son el regadío, la continuidad familiar de la explotación o la percepción que tiene el agricultor del problema de la erosión.Los autores agradecen sus valiosos comentarios a dos revisores anónimos. Juan Agustín Franco agradece al INIA su financiación a través de una beca pre-doctoral. Javier Calatrava Leyva agradece al MEC su financiación a través del Proyecto AGL2006-12293-C02-02/AGRFranco, JA.; Calatrava, J. (2010). Adoption and diffusion of no-tillage in the olive groves of the Granada province (Spain). Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 10(1):135-154. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2010.01.08SWORD13515410

Spinal infection: state of the art and management algorithm

Spinal infection is a rare pathology although a concerning rising incidence has been observed in recent years. This increase might reflect a progressively more susceptible population but also the availability of increased diagnostic accuracy. Yet, even with improved diagnosis tools and procedures, the delay in diagnosis remains an important issue. This review aims to highlight the importance of a methodological attitude towards accurate and prompt diagnosis using an algorithm to aid on spinal infection management. METHODS: Appropriate literature on spinal infection was selected using databases from the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health. RESULTS: Literature reveals that histopathological analysis of infected tissues is a paramount for diagnosis and must be performed routinely. Antibiotic therapy is transversal to both conservative and surgical approaches and must be initiated after etiological diagnosis. Indications for surgical treatment include neurological deficits or sepsis, spine instability and/or deformity, presence of epidural abscess and upon failure of conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A methodological assessment could lead to diagnosis effectiveness of spinal infection. Towards this, we present a management algorithm based on literature findings

Integrated rainwater harvesting practices for poverty reduction under climate change : micro-evidence from Ethiopia

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