The Effectivity of Multi Source Feedback (MSF) to Assess Professional Behaviour (Pb) of Nursing Students: an Evaluation Study

Background: Nurses are requested to give an excellent services to patients not only excellent in skills but also excellent in behaviour which serve comfort to patients. The behaviour is called professional behaviour or soft skill. Purpose: The aim of this research is investigating the effectiveness of MSF in assessing nursing students\u27 professional behaviour (PB).Methods: The design of the research is an evaluation study which compares the result of PB between before and after joining practice in clinical setting. The participants were thirty three participants consisting of 33 nursing students and 3 mentors. Data were collected using a quantitative approach. The participants are requested to do self and peer assessment using SPRAT modification form while mentors are asked to assess nursing students using the same form. The assessment was conducted twice, before and after joining internship. The data were analysed to compare the score of PB before and after joining the internship among group of participant using Paired sample T-test or dependent sample T test. Result: The results showed that there were differences of score between before and after joining internship with α = 0.000; 0.001; and 0.000 for self, peer, and mentor assessment respectively. There was no difference of score before joining internship among assessors with α = 0.509, and there was a difference of score after joining internship among assessors with α = 0.005. It means that MSF is an effective method to assess PB of nursing students. Conclusion: Applying MSF method to assess PB of nursing student is suggested for better assessment

Economic Impact of Hospital Closure on Rural Communities in Three Southern States: Georgia, Tennessee, and Texas. A Quasi-Experimental Approach.

The important contribution of hospitals to the economies of rural areas has been the subject of several research studies. The results, however, have been contradictory. This paper analyzes the economic impact of rural hospital closures on rural communities in Georgia, Tennessee, and Texas in the period 1998-2000 by using a quasi-experimental control group method. The results indicate that rural communities that suffered hospital closures were not affected in economic terms relative to those that did not suffer such a closure.Health Economics and Policy,

PERBEDAAN EFEK ANALGESIA AKUPUNKTUR ANTARA METODA SEGMENTAL DAN NON SEGMENTAL PADA NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH

Y.Agus Sudarmanto. S520906022. Difference in Analgetic Effect between Segmental and Non Segmental acupuncture methods, in Low Back Pain. A Thesis for the Masters Program in Family Medicine, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2008. Low back pain (LBP) is an important public health problem which concern with 2nd greatest prevalence after upper respiratory infection in adults. Acupuncture as one of complement and alternative medicine is recommended to treat Low Back Pain.In relation with dermatom, there are two acupuncture methods to treat Low Back Pain , segmental and non segmental acupuncture. However, there is a lack of research evidence that shows the difference in analgetic effect of segmental and non segmental acupuncture method for pain treatment. This study aimed to determine the better acupuncture method for the treatment of low back pain. This study was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. A sample of 30 subjects was selected at random of all patients visiting the acupuncture clinic at Puskesmas Karangmalang from September to November 2007. The study subjects were grouped to 10 control subjects (paracetamol), 10 subjects with segmental acupuncture method and 10 subjects with non segmental acupuncture method. The electroacupuncture was administered 6 times, twice a week. Pain was measured twice, before and after the application of treatment, using McGill Pain Questionnaire. The data was analyzed with F test (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Test, which was run on SPSS v.15 program. Results of the study showed statistically significant in the reduction of pain before and after the application of electro-acupuncture across different study groups (F= 14.23; p=0.000). There was a statistically significant in the reduction of pain between control and segmental acupuncture methode (score difference -2.20; p=0.000), control and non segmental acupuncture methode (score difference -0.97; p=0.000), as well as segmental and non segmental acupuncture methods (score difference 1.23; p=0.044). This study concluded that the segmental acupuncture methode has more effective result than non segmental acupuncture method. Therefore, this study recommends the use of segmental acupuncture method when treating low back pain by electro-acupuncture. Key words: low back pain, segmental acupuncture, analgetic effec

The Role of the Arabic Language in Islamic Economy

This study aims to clarify the role of the Arabic language in Islamic Economy through a library research. It used descriptive approach combined with content analysis approach. Arabic is a compulsory language. When Islam expanded and came into contact with other civilizations, Arabic acted as a bridge of scholarship through the movement of translation. This movement got the right momentum, not only from the ulama, but also political and financial support from the umara, so the synergy of power and knowledge transformed into a powerful force in the development of Islamic science and civilization. Arabic in the future is predicted to play a more optimal role if Islamic educational institutions can synergize with power in establishing its role as a language of diplomacy, language of education, and language of communication in various fields especially in the Islamic economy field.   Keyword: Arabic, Islamic Economy &nbsp

Azas Proporsionalitas Sebagai Perwujudan Doktrin Keadilan Berkontrak

The objective of this article is to argue that the issue of equal and unequal position of the parties is irrelevant to commercial contract. The essence of commercial contract that ponders business relationship without interruption does not deal with the issue of mathematical equality; rather it emphasizes on proportional exchange of interests of the parties irrespective of result obtained by the parties. There are three important things in this paper found. First, the principle of proportionality is applied in the entire phases of contract, i.e. in negotiation, formation, and enforcement phases. Second, the principle of proportionality is not perceived from mathematical equality perspective but it is viewed from fair exchange process and proportionate result, which is acceptable by both parties. Third, the principle of proportionality is a doctrine of "fair contract", which improves the doctrine of freedom of contract that may lead to unfairness. It is recommended in this dissertation that jurists, currently be not regard the doctrine of freedom of contract sacred; rather they shall find other philosophical basis to develop "fair contract" procedurally as well as substantively

Faktor-faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Curahan Waktu Kerja pada USAha Penggemukan Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Ciamis

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan adanya Perubahan pola konsumsi serta selera masyarakat menyebabkan konsumsi daging sapi secara nasional cenderung meningkat sehingga terjadi peningkatan impor. Sebagian besar USAha peternakan sapi potong merupakan USAha rakyat dengan ciri skala USAha rumah tangga dan kepemilikan ternak sedikit, menggunakan teknologi sederhana, bersifat padat karya, dan berbasis azas organisasi kekeluargaan. Peternakan dengan skala kecil tersebut biasanya menggunakan tenaga kerja dalam keluarga. Dalam analisis ketenagakerjaan di bidang peternakan, penggunaan tenaga kerja dinyatakan oleh besarnya curahan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Curahan waktu kerja pada USAha penggemukan sapi potong, dan (2) Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap curahan waktu kerja pada USAha penggemukan sapi potong di Kabupaten Ciamis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Ciamis sebagai salah satu sentra produksi sapi potong di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Ukuran sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 peternak sapi potong di Kecamatan Panjalu dan Cihaurbeuti, Kabupaten Ciamis, yang dipilih secara purposif sebagai lokasi penelitian. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer USAha penggemukan sapi potong pada tahun 2012. Analisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap curahan waktu kerja pada USAha penggemukan sapi potong dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Curahan waktu kerja berkisar antara 2,14-5,10 jam/hari, dengan rata-rata 3,65 jam/hari., dan (2) Jumlah kepemilikan ternak dan pekerjaan utama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap curahan waktu kerja pada USAha penggemukan sapi potong

“Force Majeur Clause” Atau “Hardship Clause” Problematika Dalam Perancangan Kontrak Bisnis

The significance of contract is to secure a fair transaction of rights and obligations of the party to the contract, by which it creates a safely properly and beneficially contractual relation. Under no circumstances is the contract made to harm one or both of the parties. Despite fair formation, due to breach of contract or force majeure the contract is not performed as supposed to be. The stipulation of force majeur clause, in some cases, are not accomodative to the business activity because the dispute settlement is usually put in the court. Therefore, there is a new way to apply hardship doctrine which in the perspective of business is seen more flexible and accomodative to solve the dispute. The hardship characteristic, as mention above, is appropriate to the business character which needs both dynamic activity and the business continuity among parties. The implementation of hardship doctrine is a "win-win solution" model which benefits both parties

Analisis Tingkat Partisipasi Petani dalam Kegiatan Sekolah Lapangan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (Sl-pht) pada USAhatani Manggis

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Tingkat partisipasi petani dalam kegiatan SL-PHTpada USAhatani manggis, dan (2) Dampak SL-PHT terhadap tingkat partisipasi petani pada USAhatanimanggis (Gracinia mangostana L.). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus pada Kelompok Tani Kencana Mekar di Desa Puspajaya Kecamatan Puspahiang Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Seluruh anggota Kelompok Tani Kencana Mekar sebanyak 50 orang diambil sebagai sampel penelitian atau dilaksanakan sensus. Tingkat partisipasi petani dalam kegiatan SL-PHT pada USAhatani manggis dianalisis secara deskriptif; sedangkan dampak SL-PHT terhadap tingkat partisipasi petani dianalisis dengan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan statistika non parametrik yaitu uji tanda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (1) Tingkat partisipasi petani sebelum mengikuti SLPHT termasuk dalam kategori rendah, dan setelah mengikuti SL-PHT termasuk dalam kategori tinggi; terutama pada teknis budidaya tanaman sehat dan pembudidayaan fungsi musuh alami pada tanaman manggis (Gracinia mangostana L.), dan (2) SL-PHT yang dilaksanakan pada kelompok tani Kencana Mekar di Desa Puspajaya Kecamatan Puspahiang Kabupaten Tasikmalaya memberikan dampak positif yang nyata terhadap tingkat partisipasi petani pada USAhatani manggis (Gracinia mangostana L.)