İki katlı ftalosiyaninlerin sentezi, karakterizasyonu ve elektrokromik özelliklerinin incelenmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler: Ftalosiyanin, Lutesyum, Yiterbiyum, Samaryum, ÖropyumBu çalışmada lantanit bis-[(4,4',4'',4''')-tetrakis 4-dodesiloksi ftalosiyanin], {M[Pc(O-C12H25)4]2} (M=Lu3+, Yb3+, Sm3+ ve Eu3+) elde edilmiştir. Bu ftalosiyaninler 4-dodeksiloksi ftalonitrilin uygun metal tuzlarıyla [MX3] (X=Acac) hegzanollü ve 1,8-diazabisiklo[5,4,0] undeka-7-ene (DBU) ortamda riflaks sıcaklığında siklotetramerizasyon reaksiyonuyla elde edilmişlerdir.Ftalosiyaninler uygun metotlarla saflaştırıldıktan sonra yapıları elementel analizin yanı sıra IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR yardımıyla aydınlatılmıştır. Ayrıca sentezlenen ftalosiyaninlerin Ag+ ve Pd2+ iyonları ile UV-Vis Spektroskopisi yardımıyla spektroskopik değişimleri incelenmiştir.Key Words: Phthalocyanines, Lutetium, Ytterbium, Samarium, EuropiumIn the present work, lanthanide bis-[(4,4?,4??,4???)-tetrakis 4-dodexyloxy phthalocyanines], {M[Pc(O-C12H25)4]2} (M=Lu3+, Yb3+, Sm3+ ve Eu3+) were obtained. These phthalocyanines from cylotetramerization reaction of 4-dodexyloxy phthalonitrile, with corresponding appropriate [MX3] (X=Acac) in the presence of qunolin and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0] undec-7-ene (DBU) as a strong at reflax temperature.All of the phthalocyanines were purified by chromatography. The elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR confirm the proposed structures of the compounds and spectroscopic changes of phthalocyanines with Ag+ and Pd2+ ions were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy

Examining the Effects of Geography Lessons Taught with Place Based Teaching to Science Process Skills for Classroom Teacher Candidates

The aim of this research is to examine the effects of the General Geography lessons, which are taught by using place, based teaching activities, on the science process skills for classroom teacher candidates. A nested pattern, which is one of the mix method research patterns, is used for this research. The quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control group is used in the quantitative part, which is in accordance with the mixed method research; whereas in qualitative part, case study is used. The study group of the research consists of first year teacher candidates who study at Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Department of Classroom Teaching. In the experimental group of the study, in accordance with the place based teaching activities, the General Geography lesson was taught outside the classroom for 4 weeks, and in the control group, the course was taught in the classroom in accordance with the program. As a result of the research, between the experimental group and control group students, no significant difference is found in pre-test, while a significant difference is found in post-test. A significant difference is found between the pre test-post test average points, in favor of post-test, regarding science process skills of the students in the experimental group

The Effect of Occupational Groups and Use of Alcohol and Smoking in Thrace on Semen Parameters

DergiPark: 378981tmsjAims: Research of the effect of alcohol and smoking of the male spouses of infertile couples and their occupational groups on sperm quality. Methods: 686 male cases who have applied to Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, Infertility Polyclinic were included in the assessment. As a result of the spermiogram test, every patient’s sperm count, motility and morphology were assessed. Occupational groups, usage of alcohol and smoking were enquired to each case. Mann Whitney U, Willcoxon Test was employed in the statistical analyses and the risk ratios were calculated.Results: Out of the 686 people, 353 were smokers (51.4%) and 333 were non-smokers (48.6%). The number of people who smoked and also consumed alcohol was 59 (8.6%). In terms of occupation, 132 people were unemployed (%19.2), 23 were being exposed to heat (%3.3), 256 had to stand while working (%37.3), 31 were being exposed to radiation and chemicals (%4.5), 199 had to be both stand and sitting while working (%29) and 45 had to sit while working (%6.5). As a result of our study, while no correlation between smoking and the sperm count and morphology could be observed, the sperm motility of the smoking group has been observed to be lower. However, no significant difference in terms of semen analysis could be observed between, just drinkers, both drinker and smokers and non-smokers and drinkers groups. Smokers and those who both smoke and have a job where they have to be sitting have a significantly lower sperm motility. When the sperm quality is observed amongst occupational groups in terms of alcohol, the sperm motility of the people who were only exposed to radiation and chemicals have significantly increased in the alcohol consumers.Conclusion: Semen quality is affected by numerous genetic and environmental factors. Smoking, alcohol consumption and being employed in certain occupational groups are just a few of many risk factor

Gebeliklerde düşük östriyol düzeyleri nasıl yönetilir, tek merkez deneyimi

Objective: Low estriol (uE3) levels in the second-trimester screening for Down syndrome may be the result of fetal demise, congenital abnormalities, or some genetic hormonal disorders of the fetus. Although X-linked ichthyosis, a microdeletion syndrome with mild ichthyosis, which causes steroid sulfatase (STS) deficiency, is the most common genetic cause, second-trimester screening tests calculate the risk for a less common and severe disorder known as the Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome (SLOS). We aimed to investigate the outcomes of pregnancies with low uE3 levels in Down syndrome screening and emphasize the high prevalence of STS deficiency instead of SLOS in such cases. Methods: Fifteen pregnancies with very low uE3 levels and high risk for trisomy and/or SLOS in screening tests were evaluated and tested for STS deficiency and SLOS. Results: Seven of the pregnancies had STS microdeletion syndrome, while additional two cases were supposed to have STS gene mutation according to family and/or postnatal history. Although one fetal death was recorded, no chromosomal abnormality, SLOS, or congenital malformation was recorded in our series. Conclusions: SLOS is a very severe and rare syndrome. The risk estimation for SLOS in screening tests causes stress for pregnant women and healthcare givers. We recommend the addition of risk estimation for STS deficiency when a low uE3 level is detected in the screening test.Amaç: İkinci trimester Down sendromu tarama testlerindeki düşük östriyol (uE3) seviyesi, fetal ölüm, konjenital anormallikler veya fetüsün çeşitli genetik hormonal bozukluklarından kaynaklanabilir. Steroid sülfataz (STS) eksikliğine neden olan ve hafif iktiyozla seyreden bir mikrodelesyon sendromu olan X’e bağlı iktiyoz en yaygın genetik neden olmasına rağmen, ikinci trimester tarama testleri daha az yaygın ve daha şiddetli bir hastalık olan Smith Lemli Opitz Sendromu (SLOS) için risk hesaplamaktadır. Down sendromu taramasında uE3 düzeyi düşük olan gebeliklerin sonuçlarını araştırmayı ve bu gibi durumlarda SLOS yerine STS eksikliğinin yüksek prevalansını vurgulamayı amaçladık. Yöntemler: Tarama testlerinde uE3 seviyeleri çok düşük olan ve trizomi ve/veya SLOS açısından yüksek risk taşıyan on beş gebelik STS eksikliği ve SLOS açısından değerlendirilmiş ve test edilmiştir. Bulgular: Gebeliklerin yedisinde STS mikrodelesyon sendromu bulunurken, ek iki olguda aile ve/veya doğum sonrası öyküye dayanarak STS gen mutasyonu düşünüldü. Bir fetal ölüm tespit edildi. Ek kromozom anomalisi, SLOS veya konjenital malformasyon tespit edilmedi. Sonuçlar: SLOS çok ağır seyreden ve nadir görülen bir sendromdur. Tarama testlerinde SLOS için risk tahmini hamileler ve sağlık çalışanları için strese neden olmaktadır. Anksiyeteyi önlemek için tarama testlerinde düşük bir uE3 seviyesi tespit edildiğinde STS eksikliği için risk tahmininin eklenmesini öneririz

Farklı restoratif materyallerin tünel restorasyonların marjinal sırt dayanıklılığı üzerine etkilerinin in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesi

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a restorative glass-ionomer cement (Fuji IX Capsule), a flowable composite resin (Tetric Flow) and an undirection S2 glass fiber combined with flowable composite resin (Tetic Flow + Splint-it) on marginal ridge strength in approximal caries which were not included the marginal ridge. Materials and Methods: For this reason, thirty freshly extracted and without caries or marginal ridge defect second premolar teeth were selected. The data obtained from samples subjected to the marginal ridge strength test were statistically analyzed with one-way ANAVO and LSD multiple range test. Results: The highest mean value was obtained from flowable composite plus fiber material and the lowest mean value was obtained from Fuji IX capsule material. The difference between groups was found statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The tunnel preparation filled with an undirection S2 glass fiber combined with flowable composite is a suitable treatment for proximal caries lesions.  ÖZET Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, marjinal sırtı içine almayan ara yüz çürüklerinde, ultra konservatif yaklaşım olan tünel restorasyonlarında, restoratif cam ionomer siman (Fuji IX Kapsül), akıcı kompozit rezin (Tetric Flow) ve akıcı kompozit rezin ile kombine edilmiş olan bir tek yönlü S2 cam fiberin (Tetric Flow + Splint-it) marjinal sırt dayanıklılığı üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu amaçla herhangi bir çürük ve marjinal sırt defekti bulunmayan 30 adet çekilmiş 2. küçük azı dişi kullanılmıştır. Marjinal sırt fraktürü basınç testi işlemine tabi tutulan örneklerden elde edilmiş olan ortalama değerlere tek yönlü varyans analizi ve LSD çoklu karşılaştırma testi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: En yüksek ortalama değer akıcı kompozit + fiber materyalinden, en düşük ortalama değer ise Fuji IX Kapsül materyalinden elde edilmiştir. Gruplar arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Tünel preparasyonların akıcı kompozit rezin ile kombine edilmiş olan bir tek yönlü S2 cam fiber ile restorasyonu arayüz çürük lezyonları için uygun bir tedavi yöntemidir

Effects of Remote Ischemic Conditioning Methods on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Muscle Flaps: An Experimental Study in Rats

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of remote ischemic conditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat muscle flaps histopathologically and biochemically. Methods Thirty albino rats were divided into 5 groups. No procedure was performed in the rats in group 1, and only blood samples were taken. A gracilis muscle flap was elevated in all the other groups. Microclamps were applied to the vascular pedicle for 4 hours in order to achieve tissue ischemia. In group 2, no additional procedure was performed. In groups 3, 4, and 5, the right hind limb was used and 3 cycles of ischemia-reperfusion for 5 minutes each (total, 30 minutes) was applied with a latex tourniquet (remote ischemic conditioning). In group 3, this procedure was performed before flap elevation (remote ischemic preconditoning). In group 4, the procedure was performed 4 hours after flap ischemia (remote ischemic postconditioning). In group 5, the procedure was performed after the flap was elevated, during the muscle flap ischemia episode (remote ischemic perconditioning). Results The histopathological damage score in all remote conditioning ischemia groups was lower than in the ischemic-reperfusion group. The lowest histopathological damage score was observed in group 5 (remote ischemic perconditioning). Conclusions The nitric oxide levels were higher in the blood samples obtained from the remote ischemic perconditioning group. This study showed the effectiveness of remote ischemic conditioning procedures and compared their usefulness for preventing ischemi-are perfusion injury in muscle flaps

Evaluation of immunization status in patients with cerebral palsy: a multicenter CP-VACC study

Children with chronic neurological diseases, including cerebral palsy (CP), are especially susceptible to vaccine-preventable infections and face an increased risk of severe respiratory infections and decompensation of their disease. This study aims to examine age-appropriate immunization status and related factors in the CP population of our country. This cross-sectional prospective multicentered survey study included 18 pediatric neurology clinics around Turkey, wherein outpatient children with CP were included in the study. Data on patient and CP characteristics, concomitant disorders, vaccination status included in the National Immunization Program (NIP), administration, and influenza vaccine recommendation were collected at a single visit. A total of 1194 patients were enrolled. Regarding immunization records, the most frequently administrated and schedule completed vaccines were BCG (90.8%), hepatitis B (88.9%), and oral poliovirus vaccine (88.5%). MMR was administered to 77.3%, and DTaP-IPV-HiB was administered to 60.5% of patients. For the pneumococcal vaccines, 54.1% of children received PCV in the scope of the NIP, and 15.2% of children were not fully vaccinated for their age. The influenza vaccine was administered only to 3.4% of the patients at any time and was never recommended to 1122 parents (93.9%). In the patients with severe (grades 4 and 5) motor dysfunction, the frequency of incomplete/none vaccination of hepatitis B, BCG, DTaP-IPV-HiB, OPV, and MMR was statistically more common than mild to moderate (grades 1-3) motor dysfunction (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.00, and p < 0.001, respectively). Physicians' influenza vaccine recommendation was higher in the severe motor dysfunction group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.029). Conclusion: Children with CP had lower immunization rates and incomplete immunization programs. Clinicians must ensure children with CP receive the same preventative health measures as healthy children, including vaccines