Türkiye’nin batısında 3B datum dönüşümü için en küçük kareler yaklaşımlarının karşılaştırma analizi

In Turkey, the national reference frame was changed for geodetic applications in parallel with the increasing use of Global Navigation Satellite System technology. Due to the reference frame change, the three-dimensional (3D) datum transformation has become compulsory between ED50 and WGS84. Several 3D datum transformation algorithms have been developed for geodetic applications. The wellknown technique is the Least-Squares (LS) method. In this study, alternative 3D datum transformation approaches (including the Total Least-Squares (TLS) and the Weighted TLS (WTLS) methods) were compared with the LS method over a test area. The results showed that the WTLS transformed 3D coordinates with better accuracy than the LS and TLS methods.Türkiye’de, Global Uydu Konumlama Sistemi teknolojisinin artan kullanımına paralel olarak, ulusal referans sistemi değiştirilmiştir. Referans sistemi değişikliğine bağlı olarak, ED50 ile WGS84 arasında üçboyutlu (3B) datum dönüşümü zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Jeodezik uygulamalar için çeşitli 3B datum dönüşüm algoritmaları geliştirilmiştir. En iyi bilinen teknik En-Küçük Kareler (EKK) dır. Bu çalışmada alternatif (Toplam En-Küçük Kareler (TEKK) yi ve ağırlıklı TEKK (ATEKK) yi içeren) 3B datum dönüşüm yaklaşımları bir test alanında EKK yöntemiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar ATEKK nin 3B koordinatları EKK ve TEKK yöntemlerinden daha doğru dönüştürdüğünü göstermiştir

YENİ MEDYA ARAÇLARINDA GÖRSEL İLETİŞİM: OTOMOBİL MARKALARININ SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMLARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Bilgisayar ve internet teknolojilerinde yaşanan hızlı değişim özellikle de yeni nesil web 2.0 sisteminin tanımlanmasıyla birlikte medya kavramı ve anlayışında yeni bir dönem başlamıştır. Medya kavramı artık geleneksel ve yeni medya olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Yeni medya kavramı ise beraberinde birçok kavram ve olgunun gelişip değişmesine yol açmıştır. Üzerinde çok fazla tartışılan ve birçok araştırmaya konu olan yeni medya araçları, iletişim, pazarlama, bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimi alanlarında ve faaliyetlerinde gittikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Bireylerin birincil internet kullanım amaçlarından biri haline gelen sosyal medya, tüketicisine ulaşmak isteyen, müşteri odaklılık anlayışını benimseyen çeşitli kurum/kuruluş ya da organizasyonlar için önemli bir mecra haline gelmiştir. Çok sayıda insana ya da tüketiciye, zaman ve mekan sınırlaması olmadan, hızlı, etkin ve kontrollü bir biçimde ulaşma imkanı bulan birçok firma/kurum ya da kuruluş artık pazarlama iletişimi ve marka iletişimi faaliyetlerinde sosyal medyayı önemli ölçüde kullanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı markaların sosyal medyayı bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimine hizmet edecek şekilde nasıl kullandıklarını ve bunu yaparken görsel iletişim unsurlarını ve içeriği nasıl yönettiklerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, Türkiye'nin en önemli ve lokomotif sektörlerinden biri olan otomotiv sektörünün sosyal medya uygulamaları Facebook özelinde incelenmektedir. Çalışmada görsel iletişim unsurlarının kullanımından yola çıkarak sosyal medyayı kullanma biçimleri içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenecektir

Evaluation of total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress levels in humor aqueous of diabetic cataract patients

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and various studies have demonstrated the role of increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia in its pathophysiology. There are few studies in the literature examining total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in humor aqueous, and we were unable to find any, which measured oxidative stress index (OSI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether TAC, TOS, and OSI in the aqueous humor changed according to DRP stage. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included a total of 86 cataract patients: 31 healthy patients with senile cataract (Group 1), 19 diabetic patients without DRP (Group 2), 17 patients with nonproliferative DRP (Group 3), and 19 patients with proliferative DRP (Group 4). Aqueous humor samples were obtained prior to cataract surgery. TAC, TOS, and OSI levels were measured spectrophotometrically and compared between the groups. Results: The analysis of TAC levels revealed that TAC levels were significantly higher in the control group (Group 1) compared to DRP patients (Group 3 and 4, p=0.042 and p=0.02, respectively), while TOS and OSI levels were lower in Group 1 compared to all diabetic groups (Group 2, 3, and 4) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of increased TOS and OSI and decreased TAC levels in diabetic patients support the belief that oxidative stress might be an important etiologic factor in DRP. Increased oxidative stress may be a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and management of DRP. © 2020 Gazi Eye Foundation. All rights reserved

The effect of a single hemodialysis session on pulmonary functions in patients with end-stage renal disease

Objective: Changes in pulmonary functions have not been thoroughly investigated in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single HD session on pulmonary functions, measured by spirometry, in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CHD) treatment. Methods: Thirty patients with ESRD who were on CHD treatment for at least 12 months between January 2018 and January 2020 were enrolled. The pre-dialysis and post-dialysis spirometric measurements were recorded by a portable spirometry device. Results: The mean age and HD vintage of 30 patients (70% male, 20% diabetic, mean BMI: 26.0 +/- 4.7 (kg/m(2))) were 55.6 +/- 11.4 years and 117.6 +/- 66.3 months, respectively. Half of the patients (50%) were smokers (mean 11.5 +/- 13.59 packs/year). The spirometric measurements of most of the patients were abnormal (40% restrictive, 30% obstructive respiratory disorder, 30% normal). The FEV3(L), predicted FEV1(%), FEF25(L), and predicted FEF25(%) values were significantly increased after the HD session. A positive correlation between BMI and Delta FEV3 (L) values (r = 0.377, P =.04) was observed. A significant improvement in FEV3 values after a single HD session was recorded, which was independently related to higher BMI (beta = 0.501, P <.01) and non-smoking (beta = 0.495, P <.05). Conclusion: Spirometric measurements are abnormal in most CHD patients, and a considerable improvement in pulmonary functions is possible with a single HD session. Having a high BMI and being a non-smoker appear to have significant positive effects on amelioration in FEV3 (L). Larger trials are needed to evaluate pulmonary functions in CHD patients

The utility of GDM globe application in digital map archiving: Case of pervititch maps

Tarihi haritalar; geçmişin izlerini günümüze yansıtan eşsiz eserlerdir. Bu haritalar hem üretildikleri dönemin coğrafi özelliklerini barındırırlar hem de sanatsal bir yöne sahiptirler. Bu sanat, geçmişin ayrıntılarını günümüz dünyasına taşıma sanatıdır. Tarihi haritaların öneminin fark edilmesi ile birlikte bu haritalar üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar zaman içerisinde çoğalmış, teknolojinin gelişmesi ile birlikte tarihi haritaların analizleri ve değerlendirilmeleri daha kolay hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada; Harita Genel Müdürlüğü (HGM) tarafından üretilen ve ücretsiz bir uygulama olan HGM Kürenin dijital arşivlemede kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. HGM Küre uygulamasında Türkiye sınırları içerisinde hava fotoğraflarından üretilen 1/250.000 ölçekli ortogörüntüler ve topoğrafik haritalar ile altlık oluşturulmaktadır. HGM Küre haritasında en yüksek arazi çözünürlüğü ~45 cm’dir. Çalışmada HGM Küre uygulamasında değerlendirilmek üzere Pervititch haritaları sayısallaştırıldıktan sonra koordinatlandırılmıştır. Haritaların doğrulukları, HGM Küre uygulamasına yüklenmeden önce Karesel Ortalama Hata (KOH) ölçütü ile incelenmiştir. Sonucunda elde edilen KOH değerleri 20 cm ile 1.5 m arasında değişmektedir. Çalışmanın sonucunda HGM Küre uygulamasında yer alan araçların analiz yapmaya imkân verdikleri görülmüştür. Ancak Google Earth veya diğer benzer uygulamalardaki gibi arşivlerde bulunan haritaların başka bir CBS yazılımına ihtiyaç duymadan, HGM Küre platformu üzerinde sunulamaması bir eksiklik olarak göze çarpmaktadır. HGM Küre uygulamasının arşivlerde bulunan haritaların koordinatlandırılarak platform üzerinde sunulmasına olanak sağlaması ülkemizdeki tarihi haritaların dijital arşivlemesinin sağlanması açısından iyi bir gelişme olacaktır.The historical maps are unique works that reflect the traces of the past to the present. These maps both contain the geographical features of the period in which they were produced and have an artistic aspect. It is the art of bringing the details of the past into the present world. With the realization of the importance of historical maps, the studies on these maps have increased over time, and with the development of technology, the analysis and evaluation of historical maps have become easier. In our study, the usability of the GDM Globe, which is a free globe application produced by the General Directorate of Mapping (GDM), in digital archiving has been investigated. In the GDM Globe application, a base is created with 1/250.000 scale orthophotos produced from aerial photographs within the borders of Turkey. The highest terrain resolution on the GDM Globe map is ~45 cm. Pervititch maps were digitized to be evaluated in the GDM Globe application. The accuracy of the maps was examined with the root mean square error criterion before being used in the GDM Globe application. As a result of the study, it has been seen that the tools in the GDM Globe application allow analysis. However, it is a shortcoming that the maps in the archives cannot be presented on the platform by digitizing, as in Google Earth Pro or other similar applications. In the GDM Globe application, enabling the maps in the archives to be coordinated and presented on the platform will be a good development in terms of digital archiving of historical maps in our country

Optimum Support Policy Component for the Development of Agricultural Production: Potato Producer

The present study aimed to determine the optimum policy component in an example of potato cultivation development based on the principle of the efficient use of scarce resources and maximizing the benefit of the producer. Agricultural support policies are commonly implemented by adopting a top-down approach. Regarding benefit maximization at the target group level, policies for agricultural products should be determined with a bottom-up approach. In this manner, in the present study, potato producers were determined to be the target group. Therefore, this study investigated the policy component that provides the highest benefit in line with the demands, expectations, and tendencies of the target group. The micro-data obtained from the potato-growing enterprises operating in provinces where potato cultivation was intensively carried out within the scope of Turkey constituted the research data. A face-to-face survey technique was used as the method for collecting the producer data. Simple descriptive statistics and one of the multivariate analysis techniques, conjoint analysis, were applied in the analysis and evaluation of the data. The optimum policy component setup was determined to be “Price and Payment Support: Above Market Price and 2 months term, Support Area and Amount: to production, 25.47 USD/da (23.04 EUR/da), time of announcement for the supports: pre-planting, and producer’s declaration: I do (I declare)” for the potato product. Accordingly, the necessity of a bottom-up approach in the planning and implementation of an agricultural support policy in Turkey is explained based on the results obtained. Therefore, it is considered necessary and beneficial to measure the level of producer benefits on the focus of applications that encourage potato production

Investigation of infraclavicular block success using the perfusion index: A randomized clinical trial

The results of the pinprick and cold tests performed on the arm, forearm, and wrist-wrist areas of patients scheduled for upper extremity procedures are subjective and dependent on patient's compliance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the perfusion index (PI) could be used as an objective indicator to demonstrate block efficacy. Fifty patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years who were scheduled for upper extremity procedures and had an American Society of Anesthesiologists risk assessment class of I-II were included in this study. Infraclavicular block was performed on the patients using the peripheral nerve stimulation and ultrasonography. Preoperative and postoperative PI values were measured and recorded. The pinprick test took an average of 7.98 ± 1.49 minutes to turn positive, whereas the grade 3 of Modified Bromage Scale took an average of 11.08 ± 1.71 minutes. Differences between baseline values and perioperative values were found to be significantly different in the paired comparisons of the PI values. With 80% sensitivity and 80% specificity, increases in the PI value by or above 3.8 units were indicative for sensory block. With 84% sensitivity and 84% specificity, increases in the PI value by or above 3.9 units were indicative for grade 3 of Modified Bromage Scale in patients. It was determined that the PI is a faster, more reliable, and simpler technique than conventional methods for determining the efficacy of a block because of the vasodilatation that occurs before sensory and motor block

Comparison of short-term results of open and laparoscopic surgery in gastric cancer at a new regional hospital: A single surgeon experience

Aim: To compare the short-term results of open and laparoscopic gastrectomy in gastric cancer surgery. Material and Method: From 15 May 2018 to 28 June 2021, patients who underwent open and laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer by a single surgeon between were retrospectively analyzed from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were compared in terms of early intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Both surgical methods were compared in terms of early intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Results: A total of 34 patients (open n=23, laparoscopic n=11) were included in the study. While the mean number of lymph nodes was similar between the groups, more metastatic lymph nodes and more advanced disease were detected in the open group (p=0.007, p=0.002, respectively). According to tumor location, patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy were more distally located (p=0.01). The mean operative time was shorter in the open group (171.5 min and 206 min, p=0.006, respectively), while the estimated blood loss was less in the laparoscopic group (158.2 mL vs 186.7 mL, p=0.003). Four patients (17.4%) in the open group and two patients (18%) in the laparoscopic group had at least Clavien-Dindo grade III complications (p=0.96). Earlier gas output was seen in the laparoscopic group (p=0.002), while other postoperative outcomes were similar between the groups. Mean follow-up time was longer in the open group (13.4 months and 7.6 months, respectively, p=0.004). Conclusion: Until sufficient experience is reached in laparoscopic gastrectomy, choosing earlier stage and distally located tumors is a safe method with postoperative results similar to open gastrectomy

Can the de Ritis Ratio (AST/ALT) Be Used to Predict Colon Cancer Stages?

Purpose: The De Ritis ratio (Aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase) is a critical prognostic factor for some kinds of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the De Ritis ratio’s prognostic value in preoperative colon cancer staging is unclear. The purpose of this research was to determine the De Ritis ratio and its prognostic significance for colon cancer. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathological data of 271 individuals with malign colon cancer were analyzed retrospectively at a single center from January 2010 to January 2018. The relationship between the De Ritis coefficient and clinicopathological findings in patients was evaluated before treatment. To compare the groups, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis test were performed. Results: The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of pre-treatment De Ritis ratio assessment as a staging, localization, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, age, and overall survival. However, differences in T staging between groups of male participants were shown to be statistically significant. Conclusions: The De Ritis ratio evaluation before treatment was not found as an independent variable prognostic factor for the diagnosis and staging of colon cancer. However, future studies may demonstrate the significance of the De Ritis ratio with more participants

Determination of allergenic pollens in the atmosphere of Trabzon province by volumetric method

Bu çalışmada, Trabzon ili atmosferinde bulunan polenler 01 Ocak 2016 – 31 Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında volumetrik yöntemle VPSS 2000 (Lanzoni) cihazı kullanılarak araştırıldı. Bir yıllık çalışma süresince 45 taksona ait toplam 29150 polen m-3 Trabzon atmosferinde kaydedildi. Tespit edilen bu taksonların 24’ünün odunsu bitkilere (%69.78), 21’inin otsu bitkilere (%30.00) ve tanımlanamayan (%0.23) polenlere ait olduğu belirlendi. Çalışılan bölgede yoğun olarak saptanan odunsu taksonlar; Alnus sp. (%23.06), Cupressaceae-Taxaceae (%19.29), Pinaceae (%11.59), Betula sp. (%5.91), Platanus sp. (%3.38), Quercus sp. (%1.67), Ulmus sp. (%1.16) ve Fraxinus sp. (%1.05) olarak saptandı. Otsu bitkiler ise; Poaceae (%13.56), Urticaceae (%7.10), Boraginaceae (%2.12), Rumex sp. (%1.92), Mercurialis sp. (%1.36) ve Artemisia sp. (%1.25) olduğu belirlendi. Çalışılan bölgede polen yoğunluğunun en fazla olduğu aylar Şubat (%38.39), Mart (%11.88) ve Nisan (%15.67) olarak belirlendi.: In this study, airborne pollen grains of Trabzon were investigated using a volumetric trap VPSS 2000 (Lanzoni) from 01st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. During one-year study period, a total of 29150 polen m-3 belonging to 45 taxa were recorded. From identified taxa, 24 belong to arboreal (69.78%) and 21 taxa to non-arboreal (30.00%) and unidentified pollen grains (0.23%). In the investigated area, from arboreal plant taxa Alnus sp. (23.06%), Cupressaceae-Taxaceae (19.29%), Pinaceae (11.59%), Betula sp. (5.91%), Platanus sp. (3.38%), Quercus sp. (1.67%), Ulmus sp. (1.16%), Fraxinus sp. (1.05%) and from non-arboreal plant taxa Poaceae (13.56%), Urticaceae (7.10%), Boraginaceae (2.12%), Rumex sp. (1.92%), Mercurialis sp. (1.36%), and Artemisia sp. (1.25%) were responsible for the greatest amounts of pollen grains during the study period. The maximum pollen concentration of investigated area is recorded in February (38.39%), March (11.88%) and April (15.67%)