Cellular functions of p53 and p53 gene family members p63 and p73

p53 is a transcription factor that regulates multiple cellular processes that are also important in cellular fates such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. Induction of growth arrest or cell death by p53 prevents the replication of damaged DNA and proliferation of genetically abnormal cells. Therefore, inactivation of p53 by mutation or deletion is also important in ensuring the cellular homeostasis. However, studies showed that p53 deficient mice and cells such as Saos-2 cells are maintaining their life. This situation suggests that p53-related proteins might compensate the functions of p53 in p53 deficient organisms. The identification of two p53-related proteins, p63 and p73 revealed the transcription of p53 responsive genes in p53 deficient organisms. Both p63 and p73 proteins have high homology with the p53 protein and share some of the functions of p53. In contrast to p53, p63 and p73 rarely mutated in human cancers. Here we studied to summarize the current information about the p53 and other p53-related proteins, p63 and p73 that are included into the p53 gene family

Competitiveness of forest products industry sector in Turkey: Revealed comparative advantage index

This study, aimed to determine the competitive advantage position of the forest products industry sector in Turkey between 2001-2017 by using the revealed comparative advantage approach. One of the three sub-production structures (wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal-21 sub-product group) of the forest products industry were examined at the level of their sub-product groups. As a result of the study, "the wood and articles of wood;wood charcoal" sector was far from the desired position in terms of competition. When "the wood and articles of wood;wood charcoal" sector was analyzed on sub-group basis, especially the products of 4411, 4413 and 4415 had competitive position. Moreover, it was found that the trend in Turkey's imports of wood and articles of wood sector was not high. However, imports carried out under specified product groups were carried above the level of imports in Turkey

Financing problems and solution proposals of forest products industry enterprises in İstanbul-ikitelli organized industrial zone

Firmaların sorunlarının önemli bir kısmı finansal alan kaynaklı olarak görülmekte ve diğer fonksiyonel yapılar üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışma orman ürünleri sanayi alanında üretim faaliyetinde bulunan firmaların finansal sorunları ve sorunlara yönelik belirledikleri çözüm önerilerinin tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla ülkemizin önemli sanayi bölgeleri arasında yer alan İstanbul ili İkitelli organize sanayi bölgesi genelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm alt sektörleri kapsayıcı şekilde belirlenen 75 adet işletmede bilimsel geçerliliği kanıtlanmış anket formu ile şirket sahibi ya da yönetici konumda yer alan çalışanlarla görüşülerek işletmeler hakkında bilgiler alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Genel olarak firmaların finansman aracı olarak ticari banka kredilerini kullandıkları ve onların önemli bir kısmının sektörel destek amacıyla oluşturulan teşvik paketleri hakkında ve nasıl yararlanabilecekleri konusunda yeterli bilgi sahibi olmadıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca banka faizlerinin yüksek olması, istedikleri zaman kredi kullanamamaları, bankaların çok yüksek oranlarda teminat istemeleri ve uzman personellerinin olmaması gibi sorunlar finansal problemleri arttırıcı bir nitelik taşımaktadır.Knowing the problems and searching for solutions is possible by strict monitoring of all market conditions. This study was carried out in İkitelli organized industrial zone of Istanbul which is one of the most important industrial zones of our country in order to determine the financial problems and solution proposals determined by the firms engaged in production in forest products industry. In 75 enterprises that were determined to cover all sub-sectors, a questionnaire with scientific validity was obtained and interviews were held with the employees of the company owners or managers to obtain information about the enterprises. As a result of the study, the main problems experienced by the enterprises in the financial field were determined and it was concluded that the desired quality of support was not obtained especially from public institutions and organizations. It has been determined that firms generally use commercial bank loans as a financing tool and a significant number of firms do not have sufficient information about the incentive packages created for sectoral support and how they can benefit from them. In addition, problems such as high bank rates, not being able to use loans whenever they want, banks' demanding collaterals at very high rates, and lack of specialist staff have an increasing nature of financial problems

Comparison of Primary and Secondary Cholesteatomas in Terms of Ossicular Destruction and Complications

Objective: Cholesteatomas are divided into two groups by their origin: primary (attic) and secondary (tensa). It is highly probable that these two types differ by etio-pathogenetic mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to compare these groups in terms of complications and ossicle destruction.Methods: Sixty-six consecutive patients, operated on between June 2012 and March 2014 in our department for cholesteatoma, were included in this study. The status of the ossicles was scored according to the Austin-Kartush classification between 0-7, and sub-groups were created according to the magnitude of the ossicle damage: primary-A (PrA), primary-B (PrB), secondary-A (SecA) and secondary-B (SecB).Results: Thirty-eight patients had secondary cholesteatomas, and 28 patients had primary cholesteatomas. The average ages for primary and secondary patients were 38.4 and 42.6, respectively. All 5 patients under the age of 16 had primary cholesteatomas. Austin-Kartush score averages for the primary and secondary groups were not statistically different. However, when the PrA and SecA groups (patients with less ossicular damage) were compared statistically, the SecA group was found to have a significantly higher average score than the PrA group, which reflects less damage. Furthermore, the number of patients with complications and the number of complications were significantly higher in the primary group.Conclusion: Primary and secondary cholesteatomas seem to differ from each other etio-pathogenetically. Secondary cholesteatomas are diagnosed with less ossicular damage compared to their primary counterparts, and this finding is attributed to the fact that primary cholesteatomas can not drain into the external ear canal, which leads to more destruction and complications

Investigation of occupational accident and fatal occupational accidents in forest products sector at the level of Turkey and the European Union countries

Üretim teknolojilerinde meydana gelen değişim, daha düşük maliyetle daha fazla üretim yapma isteği ve firmaların farklılaşan pazar koşullarında ayakta kalma zorunluluğu çalışma ortamlarında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından sorunları beraberinde getirmektedir. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ekonomiler iş kazaları ve iş kazalarına bağlı oluşan ölümlerin azaltılması için farklı yasal düzenlemeler yapmakta ve çalışan güvenliğini ön plana çıkarmaya çalışmaktadır. Ülkemizde bu alanda yapılan yasal düzenlemelerin önemli bir kısmı Avrupa Birliğine (AB) adaylık sürecinde oluşturulan uyum yasaları çerçevesinde çıkarılmıştır. Yapılan yasal düzenlemelerin sektörel boyutta nasıl sonuçlar verdiğinin belirlenmesinin amaçlandığı bu çalışmada orman ürünleri sanayi sektörünü oluşturan üç alt sektörel yapının Türkiye ve AB üyeleri ülkeleri düzeyinde karşılaştırılması hedeflenmiştir. 2008-2017 yılları kapsamında ülkemiz ve AB üyesi ülkelerde meydana gelen iş kazası ve ölüm rakamlarının istatistiksel açıdan incelendiği çalışmada özellikle 2013 yılında yürürlüğe giren 6331 sayılı yasanın etkileri sorgulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda AB genelinde tüm sektörel boyutlarda iş kazası ve ölüm rakamlarında oluşan azalma karşısında ülkemizde incelenen yıllar düzeyinde sürekli artışların yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Çıkarılan ve uygulamaya çalışılan yasal düzenlemelerin yeterli olmadığı ve güvenlik kültürünün oluşumuna yönelik çalışmaların yoğunlaştırılmasının zorunlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir.The change in production technologies, the desire to produce more at lower costs and the necessity of firms to survive in different market conditions bring problems in terms of occupational health and safety in working environments. Developed and developing economies regulate different laws to reduce occuptional accidents and occuptional accident deaths and it is trying to highlight employee safety. In our country, a significant part of the legal regulations in this sector has been enacted within the framework of the harmonization laws established in the process of candidacy to the European Union (EU). In this study, which it is aimed to determine how the legal regulations of sectoral scale give results, it was aimed that three sub-sectoral structures of the forest products industry sector were compared in the Turkey and EU countries level. In the study which examined the occuptional accident and death figures that occurred in our country and EU member countries within the period of 2008- 2017, the effects of Law No. 6331, which entered into force in 2013, have been investigated. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there has been a decrease in the number of work accidents and deaths in all sectoral dimensions throughout the EU, while there have been continuous increases in the level of years examined in our country. It has been determined that the legislative regulations adopted and implemented are not sufficient and the efforts for the formation of the security culture should be intensified

Kağıt ve Kağıt Ürünleri Sanayi Sektöründe Faaliyet Gösteren İşletmelerde Çalışma Sermayesi ve Karlılık İlişkisi

Çalışmada 2011-2016 yılları arasında kağıt ve kağıt ürünleri sanayi sektöründe yer alan ve Borsa İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren 14 firmanın çalışma sermayesi ve karlılıkları arasında oluşan ilişki düzeyinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında yapılan regresyon ve korelasyon analizleri yardımıyla çalışma sermayesinde etkin olan değişkenler tespit edilmiş ve firmaların kontrol altında tutmaları gereken kritik unsurlar belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda aktif devir hızının çalışma sermayesi ve karlılığı pozitif ve kaldıraç oranın ise negatif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely