Predictive factor for lymph node metastasis in non-metastatic colorectal adenocarcinomas

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive factors of lymph node involvement in non-metastatic colorectal adenocarcinomas (nmCRC). Methods: A total of 453 patients diagnosed with nmCRC were analyzed regarding T stage, lymphovascular invasion status, tumor grade and proposed risk score (RS), determined by the combination of these three factors for lymph node metastasis. Results: The median age was 62 (25-90 years), M/F ratio was 1.4:1 and majority of the patients had tumors localized on the left colon (70.6%). The number of excised lymph nodes was ≥12 in 77% of the cases. The postoperative pathological assessments revealed that 57.2% of patie,nts had N0 disease, 29.1% had N1 disease, and 13.7% had N2 disease. The T stages (p=0.007), grade (p<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.002), RS (p<0.001), and number of excised lymph nodes (p=0.029) were significantly different between N0, N1, and N2 patients. Higher RS was associated with lymph node metastasis (p<0.001). Conclusion: The risk score may predict lymph node metastasis in patients with nmCRC and if validated may be helpful in the decision-making of adjuvant chemotherapy, especially in the elderly and patients with inadequate lymph node dissection

Investigation of climate change in Tekirdag conditions on reference evapotranspiration

Küresel iklim değişikliğinin su kaynakları üzerine olan etkisinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Su kaynaklarının etkin kullanımında tarımsal sulama için gerekli su miktarlarının bu koşullar altında planlaması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Tekirdağ ili-Süleymanpaşa ilçesi meteoroloji istasyonundan 2011-2020 yılları arası referans bitki su tüketimi (ET0) hesaplaması için gerekli iklim verileri elde edilmiş ve değişim analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada değişim analizleri Lineer Regresyon Testi, Mann-Kendall Testi ve Sen T Testi metotlarına göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Değişim analizleri sonucunda referans bitki su tüketimi değerlerinin Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında azalan bir eğilimde olduğu ve bu azalmanın istatistiksel açıdan önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Referans bitki su tüketiminin hesaplanmasında kullanılan iklim parametrelerine yapılan değişim analizleri sonucunda, maksimum sıcaklık, ortalama bağıl nem ve ortalama güneşlenme süresi değerlerinin azalan bir eğilimde olduğu, minimum sıcaklık ve rüzgar hızı değerlerinin ise artan bir eğilimde olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada ölçüm periyotlarındaki aylık yağış miktarlarının değişimi de incelenmiştir. Yapılan değişim analizleri sonucunda, aylık yağış miktarlarının azalan bir eğilimde olduğu ve özellikle Nisan, Eylül, Ekim ve Aralık aylarındaki değişimlerin istatistiksel açıdan önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların bölge koşullarında gelecekteki tarımsal üretim planlamalarına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.It is important to determine the impact of global climate change on water resources. In the effective use of water resources, the amount of water required for agricultural irrigation should be planned under these conditions. In this study, the trend analysis of the climate data required for the calculation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) between 2011 and 2020 for the meteorology station of Tekirdağ -Süleymanpaşa District was carried out. Analysis of change in the study was carried out according to the methods of Linear Regression Test, Mann-Kendall Test and Sen T Test. As a result of the change analysis, it was determined that the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) values had a decreasing trend in June and July and this decrease was statistically significant. As a result of the analysis of the changes in the climate parameters used in the calculation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0), it was determined that the values of maximum temperature, average relative humidity and average sunshine duration were in a decreasing trend, while minimum temperature and wind speed values were in an increasing trend. In the study, the change in monthly precipitation amounts during the measurement periods was also examined. As a result of the analysis of the changes, it was determined that the monthly precipitation amounts have a decreasing trend and the changes especially in April, September, October and December are statistically significant. It is thought that the results obtained will contribute to the future agricultural production planning in the regional conditions

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF SOME IMPORTANT PYRAZOLO[1,5-C]PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES

Pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines are biologically active, synthetically useful and important heterocyclic compounds. The synthesis of novel pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivatives and investigation of their chemical and biological behavior have gained more importance in recent decades for biological, medicinal and agricultural reasons. Different classes of pyrazolo-pyrimidine compounds possess an extensive spectrum of pharmacological activities. Differently substituted pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine moiety has also been found to have other important activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antimicrobial, antitumor, cytotoxic and herbicidal [1,2].It should be noted that pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines are least studied among various types of pyrazolo-pyrimidines. Due to our interest in pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines, we have investigated the reactivity and synthetic applications of these compounds. Herein, we report the first synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-c] pyrimidines by reactions of 1-amino-5-(aroyl)-4-(aryl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one and its pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione are synthesized in two steps from 4-(aroyl)-5-(aryl)furan-2,3-dione [2-4] using DMAD, DEAD, ethyl-2-chloroacetoacetate, 3-chloroacetylacetone as electrophiles. The result of these experiments is discussed in this study. The chemical structure of synthesized derivatives will be elucidated by elementary analysis, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques after the pureness control of them done by TLC and melting point analyses.</p

Sub-lethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Erkmen, Belda ( Aksaray, Yazar )Imidacloprid (1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine (CAS No: 138261–41-3), neonicotinoid insecticide, and agricultural plant protectants were applied as seed and soil treatments. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of sub-lethal imidacloprid concentrations on the histopathology and oxidative stress parameters with lipid peroxidation (LPO) to standard non-target test organism, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). 50 and 100 mgL−1 imidacloprid concentrations were chosen for experimental groups with control group. Fish were stocked in 60 L glass aquaria, maintained in aerated and dechlorinated tap water. The mean weight and length of tilapia were 37.78 ± 2.19 g and 12.98 ± 0.22 cm, respectively. After 24 and 96 h exposure to sub-lethal imidacloprid concentrations, the fish were sacrificed; tissue samples of gill and liver were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for oxidative stress parameters and LPO assays, fixed (buffered 10% formalin) for histopathology. After exposure to sub-lethal imidacloprid, LPO was induced in both tissues. MDA levels were increased in both tissues, while GSH levels were reduced at the high concentration of imidacloprid in the gill tissues after 96 h and both concentrations in the liver tissues (P 0.05). Gill tissues revealed hyperaemia, epithelial lifting, fusion of secondary lamellae and telangiectasia, whereas hyperaemia, mononuclear cell infiltration vacuolization of hepatocytes and hydropic degeneration were observed in liver tissues. Imidacloprid is very toxic to the non-target species in the aquatic ecosystem even at sub-lethal concentrations

Sublethal responses of the indicator Unio species (mussel) to selected phthalate esters

In this study, the biomass (Sinapis arvensis) was pretreated with acidic (H2SO4, HCI), alkaline (NaOH, KOH) and high temperature water (HTW) after this samples pyrolyzed at 350, 450 and 550 °C. GC–MS, FT-IR, Elemental, 1H NMR and SEM analysis methods were used in the characterization of the products obtained at the end of the pyrolysis process. It has been determined that alkaline and acidic pretreatment increase the liquid product yield and also support the formation of high energy value biochar. According to the liquid product content obtained as a result of pyrolysis, HTW and alkaline pretreatments are more effective in the formation of mono aromatics, and acidic pretreatments are more effective in the production of aliphatic

Pediatric-Onset Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Multicenter Study

Background: To evaluate the clinical features, demographic features, and treatment modalities of pediatric-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in Turkey. Methods: The clinical data of patients between January 2010 and December 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were evaluated according to the Joint Task Force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on the management of CIDP (2021). In addition, patients with typical CIDP were divided into two groups according to the first-line treatment modalities (group 1: IVIg only, group 2: IVIg + steroid). The patients were further divided into two separate groups based on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics. Results: A total of 43 patients, 22 (51.2%) males and 21 (48.8%) females, were included in the study. There was a significant difference between pretreatment and post-treatment modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores (P 0.05); however, a significant decrease was found in the mRS scores of both groups with treatment (P < 0.05). The patients with abnormal MRI had significantly higher pretreatment mRS scores compared with the group with normal MRI (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This multicenter study demonstrated that first-line immunotherapy modalities (IVIg vs IVIg + steroids) had equal efficacy for the treatment of patients with CIDP. We also determined that MRI features might be associated with profound clinical features, but did not affect treatment response

Re-examining the characteristics of pediatric multiple sclerosis in the era of antibody-associated demyelinating syndromes.

Background: The discovery of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG and anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG and the observation on certain patients previously diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) actually have an antibody-mediated disease mandated re-evaluation of pediatric MS series. Aim: To describe the characteristics of recent pediatric MS cases by age groups and compare with the cohort established before 2015. Method: Data of pediatric MS patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2021 were collected from 44 pediatric neurology centers across Turkiye. Clinical and paraclinical features were compared between patients with dis-ease onset before 12 years (earlier onset) and >= 12 years (later onset) as well as between our current (2015-2021) and previous (< 2015) cohorts. Results: A total of 634 children (456 girls) were enrolled, 89 (14%) were of earlier onset. The earlier-onset group had lower female/male ratio, more frequent initial diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), more frequent brainstem symptoms, longer interval between the first two attacks, less frequent spinal cord involvement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and lower prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCBs). The earlier-onset group was less likely to respond to initial disease-modifying treatments. Compared to our previous cohort, the current series had fewer patients with onset < 12 years, initial presentation with ADEM-like features, brainstem or cerebellar symptoms, seizures, and spinal lesions on MRI. The female/male ratio, the frequency of sensorial symptoms, and CSF-restricted OCBs were higher than reported in our previous cohort. Conclusion: Pediatric MS starting before 12 years was less common than reported previously, likely due to exclusion of patients with antibody-mediated diseases. The results underline the importance of antibody testing and indicate pediatric MS may be a more homogeneous disorder and more similar to adult-onset MS than previously thought