N-Nitrozo N-Etilüre’nin Zebra Balığı (Danio Rerio) Testis Histolojisi Üzerindeki Etkisi

N-Nitrozo bileşikleri, 20. yüzyılın başından itibaren bilinen, ancak 1950’lerden sonra canlı sağlığı üzerine etkileri daha çok dikkat çeken bileşiklerdir. N-Nitrozo N-Etilüre (ENU) günümüzde gıda ürünlerini koruyarak raf ömrünü uzatmada kullanılan N-Nitrozo çeşitlerindendir. Deney hayvanları üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda toksik, teratojenik, mutajenik ve kanserojenik etkilerinin olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmada ENU maddesi uygulanan, erkek zebra balıkların testis dokusunda meydana gelen değişimler histopatolojik olarak araştırılmıştır. Çalışma için 1 kontrol ve 4 deney grubu olmak üzere toplam 5 grup oluşturulmuştur. Deney grubundaki akvaryumlara, 0.25 mM, 0.50 mM dozlarda ENU uygulanmıştır. Alınan zebra balığı testis dokusuna rutin histolojik işlemler uygulanmıştır. Doz ve uygulama süresinin artışına bağlı olarak deney gruplarının testis dokusunda, seminifer tübüllerde yapısal bozulmalar ve vakuolizasyon, spermatogenetik seriye ait hücre kümelerinde doza bağlı olarak azalma, gelişen spermatogenetik seriye ait bazı hücrelerde hipertrofi ve piknotik hücre oluşumu, bağ dokusunda dejenerasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. Histolojik incelemeler neticesinde ENU’ya maruz kalan erkek zebra balıkların testis dokularında olumsuz değişimler görüldüğü belirlenmiştir

Determination of Acute Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation Levels in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton, 1822) Gills

Bu çalışmanın amacı; 2,4-D (2,4-Diklorofenoksiasetik asit) herbisitinin, zebra balığı (Danio rerio Hamilton, 1822) solungaçlarında akut oksidatif strese neden olma potansiyellerinin spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle belirlenmesidir. Kontrol grubu (Grup-K) dışındaki balıklar, 96 saat süreyle 2,4-D herbisitinin subletal dozlarının (0,1ppm, 0,5ppm ve 1ppm) etkisine bırakılmıştır. Solungaç dokusunda lipid peroksidasyon seviyelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla malondialdehit (MDA), antioksidan sistemlere etkisini belirlemek amacıyla da indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH), katalaz enzim aktivitesi (CAT) ve total protein (TP) seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada 2,4-D’nin subletal dozlarına maruz bırakılan zebra balıklarının solungaçlarında total protein seviyelerinin kontrol grubuna oranla azaldığı gözlenmiştir. MDA seviyeleri kontrol grubuna oranla önemli ölçüde artmıştır. GSH seviyeleri 2,4-D herbisitinin en yüksek dozunda artarken diğer gruplarda azalmıştır. CAT aktivitesinde ise kontrol grubuna oranla önemli bir fark gözlenmemiştir.The aim of this study is to determine the potential of 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) herbicide in causing acute oxidative stress in the gills of zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton, 1822) using spectrophotometric methods. Test animals except the control group (Group-K) were exposed to sublethal doses (0.1ppm, 0.5ppm and 1ppm) of 2,4-D herbicide for 96 hours. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was used to determine lipid peroxidation levels, and reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase enzyme activity (CAT) and total protein (TP) levels were determined to determine their effects on antioxidant systems in gill tissues. In this study, total protein levels in gills of zebrafish exposed to sublethal doses of 2,4-D were observed to be reduced compared to the control group. MDA levels significantly increased compared to the control group. GSH levels increased in the highest dose of 2,4-D herbicide but decreased in other doses. No significant difference was found in CAT activity compared to the control group

Determination of Biochemical Composition and Mineral Contents of Deep Sea Pink Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris Lucas, 1846) Caught from the Gulf of Izmit, Turkey

The aim of this study is to identify seasonal variation of biochemical composition and mineral content (K, Na, Ca, Fe, Mg) in abdominal muscle tissues and hepatopancreas of the Deep sea pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) caught from of the Gulf of Izmit, Turkey. Deep sea pink shrimps is an abundant penaeid species which inhabits the Gulf Izmit and they were collected seasonaly. In the laboratory, abdominal muscles and hepatopancreas were removed for determination of glycogen, free glucose, total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels and mineral content. Furthermore, K, Na, Ca, Fe, Mg levels have determined in abdominal muscle tissues of females and males. Our findings in Parapenaeus longirostris suggest that lipids and carbohydrates are main reserve of metabolic energy used during physiological activities in both males and female shrimps

A light- and electron microscopic study of primordial germ cells in the zebra fish (Danio rerio)

In sexually reproducing organisms, primordial germ cells (PGCs) give rise to the cells of the germ line, the gametes. In many animals, PGCs are set apart from somatic cells early during embryogenesis. This study explores the origin of primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the zebra fish and examines their morphology during early development (1st day-15th day). PGCs were selectively stained by the alkaline phosphatase histochemical reaction and viewed by light and electron microscopy from the time they are first detectable in the yolk sac endoderm. PGCs occurred in the subendodermal space on the syncytial periblast; differing from the surrounding endodermal cells. Later the PGCs moved to between the blastoderm and yolk sac and transferred to the dorsal mesentery where they formed gonadal anlage with mesoderm cells. PGCs were easily distinguished from somatic cells by their morphology and low electron density of their nuclei. Under light microscopy, PCGs were rounded with a distinct cytoplasmic membrane

Trace Metal Concentration and Sea Water Quality of Tuzla Shipyard Area, Istanbul, Turkey Using Mediterranean Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) for Monitoring Aquatic Pollution

The mussels of the genus Mytilus have been proposed for routine biomonitoring programs to evaluate pollutants such as heavy metals in coastal environments. The concentrations of Pb and Cd were determined in Mytilus galloprovincialis (n=200) caught from the Tuzla area of Istanbul, Turkey between May 2013 and April 2014. The Cd level was found to be low whereas concentrations of Pb in mussels collected from 4 stations exceeded acceptable levels for human consumption according to the legal standards of Turkish Food Codex and United Nations Environment Programme

EFFECTS OF DELTAMETHRIN ON PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS OF ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) EMBRYOS

In sexually reproducing organisms, primordial germ cells (PGCs) give rise to the cells of the germ line, the gametes. In many animals, PGCs are set apart from somatic cells early during embryogenesis. This study explores the effects of deltamethrin on primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the zebrafish embryos, and examines their morphology during early development (1st-15th day). Different doses of deltamethrin gave to the medium of zebrafish embryos and effects of this pesticide on primordial germ cell structure and migration were detected with histological stainings. PGCs have been selectively stained by the alkaline phosphatase histochemical reaction and viewed by light microscopy from the time they are first detectable in the yolk sac endoderm. PGCs moved to between blastoderm and yolk sac, and were transferred to the dorsal mezentery where they formed gonadal anlage with mesodermal cells. PGCs were easily distinguished from somatic cells by their morphology and their distinct cytoplasmic membrane

Histological analysis of acute toxicity of 2,4-diclorophenoxy acetic acid in ovary of zebrafish

Plant growth regulators are the chemicals that are found in plants and produced synthetically. In agricultural applications, plant hormones are used in minor quantities for fixing the problems. In our research, we studied the effects of 2,4 diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D), which is an auxin used in agricultural applications. Auxins are the group that are used most popularly in plant growth regulators. In our study, different doses of 2,4 diclorophenoxyacetic acid are given to zebrafish, and ovarium tissues are observed histomorphologically. We generated one control and three experiment groups from the stock solution. The experiment was carried out in 20 liter capacity complete glass aquarium at 24 +/- 1 degrees C water temperature. After five days of application, fishes were dissected. Histomorphological changes of the ovarium were investigated under a light microscope. A decrease in the number of oocytes in zebrafish ovarium was observed when compared with the control group. Many deformed and underdeveloped oocytes were detected. An increase in the number of atretic oocytes was observed. It was deduced that acute doses of 2,4 diclorophenoxyacetic acid decelerates oogenesis in fishes

The effects of permethrin on rat ovarian tissue morphology

All organisms are exposed to chemical agents during their lifetime. One of these agents is a pesticide that is used as fly killer. In this study we investigated the effects of permethrin on rat ovaries using light and electron microscopy. We used 24 Wistar albino female rats and divided them into 3 groups. Dosages 20 and 40 mg/kg/day permethrin were administered by gavage for 14 days. Normal saline was given to control rats. After treatment, ovarian tissues were collected and prepared for light and electron microscopy evaluation. Negative effects of permethrin were detected on follicular and corpus luteum cell morphology in a dose dependent manner when compared with the control group. Picnotic cellular appearance and condensed chromatin were detected as evidence of apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, degenerative changes were seen in the ultrastructure of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, these findings suggested that permethrin caused degenerative effects on ovarian morphology in a dose dependent manner. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CADMIUM EXPOSURE ON TESTIS TISSUE OF SWORDTAIL FISH, Xiphophorus helleri (Pisces: Poecilidae)

Heavy metal contamination of the aquatic environment has drawn increasing attention as it may have devastating effects on the ecological balance of the recipient environment and a diversity of aquatic organisms. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic heavy metals which is widely used in industry and is released into the aquatic system. This present study was done to investigate the histopathological effects of cadmium on testis tissue of swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri). Histological studies in testis of swordtails were made to assess tissue damage due to sublethal concentrations (0.1 ppm and 0.5 ppm) of Cd after 5 days of exposure. In this study, it is observed that Cd causes degeneration at seminiferous tubules, openings at spermatogenetic cells and clumping of primary and secondary spermatocytes

Histological Changes in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Ovaries Following Administration of Bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most potent endocrine disrupting chemicals and therefore is classified as environmental estrogen. BPA is found in polycarbonate plastics (baby feeding bottles, carboys, etc.) and inside of epoxy coated cans and it is widely used in industry for making plastics harder. The aim of this study is to investigate histopathological changes after exposure of different doses of bisphenol A in zebrafish (Dania rerio) ovaries. The zebrafish are divided into three groups (n=30) according to their different BPA (group I: 3 mg/L BPA; group II: 5 mg/L BPA; group III: control group) concentrations. Histological studies showed severe deterioration of ovarian tissue. The number of the atretic oocytes increased BPA. Structurally distorted and less developed oocytes were also observed. To conclude, the acute doses of BPA slowed down the process of oogenesis in zebrafish