6 research outputs found
Agua y Suero Fisiol贸gico para Prevenir la Formaci贸n de Paracloroanilina
Indexaci贸n: Web of Science; Scielo.ABSTRACT: This study determined if p-chloroaniline (PCA) can be minimized by using distilled water and physiological saline solution following sodium hypochlorite but before chlorhexidine. Hypochlorite 5%, 0.5%, 0.05%, 0.005% and 0.0005% dissolved in 0.9% NaCl and in distilled water were mixed with 2% chlorhexidine for the formation of PCA. The PCA was determined using UV-VISIBLE spectrometry, with spectral curve was determined the wavelength of maximum absorption of PCA. Formed PCA absorbance was measured between 0.025%, 0.02%, 0.015%, 0.01%, 0.005% and 0.0025% hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. 2% chlorhexidine and hypochlorite with physiological saline form a white precipitate which prevents the measurement of PCA. Colored PCA is formed with 0.05%, 0.005% hypochlorite aqueous dilutions and 2% chlorhexidine. The lwavelength of maximum absorption obtained was 470 nm and absorbance of PCA showed a linear decrease. 0.005% NaClO produces the least amount of PCA. The best solvent to prevent the formation of PCA during the interaction of sodium hypochlorite with chlorhexidine is distilled water.Este estudio determin贸 si la p-cloroanilina (PCA) puede ser minimizada mediante el uso de agua destilada y soluci贸n salina fisiol贸gica seguido de la aplicaci贸n de hipoclorito de sodio, previo a la aplicaci贸n de clorhexidina. Hipoclorito al 5%, 0,5%, 0,05%, 0,005% y 0,0005% fue disuelto en 0,9% de NaCl y en agua destilada se mezcl贸 con 2% de clorhexidina para la formaci贸n de PCA. El PCA se determin贸 mediante espectrometr铆a UV-Visible, y con curva espectral se determin贸 la longitud de onda m谩xima del PCA. La absorbancia del PCA formado se midi贸 con 0,025%, 0,02%, 0,015%, 0,01%, 0,005% y 0,0025% de hipoclorito y 2% de clorhexidina. La combinaci贸n de 2% de clorhexidina e hipoclorito en soluci贸n salina fisiol贸gica forman un precipitado blanco que impide la medici贸n del PCA. El PCA coloreado es formado con 0,05%, 0,005% diluciones acuosas de hipoclorito y 2% de clorhexidina. La longitud de onda m谩xima obtenida fue de 470 nm y la absorbancia del PCA mostr贸 una disminuci贸n lineal. NaClO al 0,005% produce menor cantidad de PCA. El mejor disolvente para evitar la formaci贸n de PCA durante la interacci贸n de hipoclorito de sodio con clorhexidina es agua destilada.http://ref.scielo.org/2kpw6
Effect of endodontic ultrasound on 2% chlorhexidine in the formation of parachloraniline. In vitro study
Resumen
Introducci贸n: La clorhexidina (CHX) en soluci贸n acuosa se hidroliza generando paracloroanilina
(PCA), proceso acelerado por el aumento de temperatura y pH. El uso de ultrasonido endod贸ntico
(USE), basado en fen贸menos de oscilaci贸n, cavitaci贸n, microcorriente ac煤stica, genera
calor afectando la CHX.
Objetivo: Identificar y cuantificar in vitro cambios fisicoqu铆micos, temperatura y pH, y la
cantidad de PCA formada con el uso de ultrasonido endod贸ntico sobre soluciones de CHX al
2%.
Materiales y m茅todos: La CHX 2% se activ贸 durante 30, 60, 90 y 120 seg con USE a 24.500 Hz,
midiendo antes y despu茅s de activaci贸n: pH, temperatura y cantidad de PCA, leyendo a 375 nm
en curva de calibraci贸n de est谩ndares de PCA y formaci贸n, registrando el espectro de absorci贸n
mediante espectrofot贸metro UV-visible.
Resultados: El USE aument贸 la temperatura en 1 鈼 independiente del tiempo de aplicaci贸n y
acidific贸 la soluci贸n de CHX 2%, sin variaciones significativas en pH y temperatura. No se observ贸
coloraci贸n ni formaci贸n de precipitado en muestras activadas por USE a los diferentes tiempos.
Las muestras no presentaron valores medibles de PCA a 375 nm. Los espectros de absorci贸n de
CHX 2% y activadas por USE por m谩s de 60 seg presentaron curvas espectrales, peaks y valores
de absorbancia diferentes
Effects of chlorophenol / hydrogen peroxide versus xylitol or chlorhexidine as chewing gum on salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity and salivary Streptococcus mutans scores
Objectives: A medicated chewing gum is a solid, single-dose preparation intended to be chewed for a
certain period of time and deliver the drug. It may contain one or more than one active pharmaceutical
ingredient. Whithin this context, we formulated a medicated gum with three active pharmaceutical
ingredients: Camphor, p-chlorophenol and hydrogen peroxide, to be evaluated as therapeutic agents
in dental caries. The aim of this study was to compare the effects on salivary streptococcus mutans,
pH, buffer capacity and secretion rate of three medicated gums containing chlorophenol / hydrogen
peroxide, xylitol or chlorhexidine.
Methods: Double-blind, randomized crossover treatment in 24 subjects. The patients were randomized
and subjected to six different treatment sequences. The subjects used, 1 gum tablet three times a day
for 20 minutes, morning, noon and night. At the beginning and end of the three experimental phases
saliva samples were obtained for determining the pH, buffer capacity, salivary flow rate and quantitative
enumeration of S. mutans.
Results: The use of medicated gum with camphor/p-chlorophenol and hydrogen peroxide did not
modify the salivary chemical parameters measured, and not significantly reduced the number of S.
mutans, after 7 days. Chewing gums with chlorhexidine significantly reduced the quantitative counting
of S. mutans salivary and flow rate in a period of 7 days.
Conclusions: The use of medicated chewing gums based on camphor/p-chlorophenol and hydrogen
peroxide does not alter the chemical salivary parameters and does not significantly reduce the number
of S. mutans, after a use over a period of 7 days
Caries and fluorosis in the Santiago metropolitan region in Chile: The impact of the fluoridation of the water
Purpose: To assess the damage and the prevalence of caries and fluorosis in children and
adolescents in the metropolitan area after 8 years of drinking water fluoridation and to compare
them with the baseline study.
Methods: This was a prevalence study. The sample was selected using two-step probability
sampling and stratified according to socioeconomic level. Subjects included 2,323
schoolchildren aged 6 to 8 years and 12 years living within the metropolitan region. The
parents of all students provided consent and were previously included in the study. The subjects
were clinically examined by calibrated dentists, who used World Health Organization (WHO)
screening criteria and indicators to determine the presence of caries and dental fluorosis.
Results: No cavity damage was found in 23.68% of the children. The average dmft was 3.18
for children aged 6 to 8 years. The DMFT was 0.59 in children aged 6 to 8 years and 2.6
in children 12 years compared with the baseline study. These differences were statistically
significant. There were also significant differences in the DMFT index for each socioeconomic
status group. The average number of dams was higher among children of low socioeconomic
status. Of the studied children, 14.3% of children had dental fluorosis. Fluorosis was very mild
in 12.35% of the cases, mild in 1.98% and moderate in 0.26%. There were no cases of severe
fluorosis (classified according to Dean鈥檚 index).
Conclusion: We conclude that after 8 years drinking water fluoridation in the metropolitan area,
the number of children with no history of caries has increased by approximately 100%. The
number of cases significantly affected by caries has also decreased significantly. The incidence
of dental fluorosis has increased, but to milder degrees