Türkiye?de kentsel sit alanlarının planlanması için bir sistem önerisi

In Turkey, by means of the historical and urban conservation conscience mainly shaped by the experience exceeding a hundred years, a precise system for the urban conservation areas has been established. However, the problems linked to the planning and conservation of urban areas could not have solved entirely yet. In this study which aims to evaluate the problems in conservation and planning of urban conservation areas and to determine necessary solutions, recent approaches to urban planning and conservation in countries admitted as successful are considered initially. The current urban conservation planning system and its problems in Turkey are examined in bureaucratic aspect. Here, the method is based on defining the urban conservation planning process and its components in terms of legal, administrative, physical planning, conservation practice, economic and social dimensions. These dimensions are also grouped in two as the main policies and application dimensions. The problems faced in the bureaucratic procedure are analysed with their places in these dimensions. Following the analysis of the problem, the proposals on the system of urban conservation planning are developed due to these dimensions. The proposals are presented by a schema of system consists of the conservation planning process and its dimensions mentioned above as conclusion. Keywords: Conservation planning, urban conservation, urban planning.Türkiye’de yüzyılı aşkın deneyime ve birikime dayanan tarihsel ve kentsel koruma anlayışına bağlı olarak, kentsel alanların korunması konusunda belirli bir sistem oluşturulmuş, ancak bu alanların planlanmasında ve korunmasında karşılaşılan sorunlar henüz tümüyle çözülememiştir. Kentsel koruma alanlarının planlanması ve korunması konusunda Türkiye’de yaşanan sorunların değerlendirilmesi ve çözüm önerilerinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla hazırlanan bu çalışmada, öncelikle kent planlama ve koruma konularında başarılı ülkelerdeki çağdaş yaklaşımlar değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’de kentsel koruma alanlarının planlanmasındaki mevcut bürokratik işleyiş irdelenerek bu işleyiş içerisinde yaşanan sorunlar belirlenmiştir. Değerlendirmeler sonucunda kentsel koruma alanlarının planlanmasında yaşanan sorunların çözümüne yönelik uygulama araçlarını da içeren ve bürokratik işleyiş üzerine yoğunlaşan bir sistem önerisi geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Koruma planlaması, kentsel koruma, kent planlama

Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies

Calculating the sample size in scientific studies is one of the critical issues as regards the scientific contribution of the study. The sample size critically affects the hypothesis and the study design, and there is no straightforward way of calculating the effective sample size for reaching an accurate conclusion. Use of a statistically incorrect sample size may lead to inadequate results in both clinical and laboratory studies as well as resulting in time loss, cost, and ethical problems. This review holds two main aims. The first aim is to explain the importance of sample size and its relationship to effect size (ES) and statistical significance. The second aim is to assist researchers planning to perform sample size estimations by suggesting and elucidating available alternative software, guidelines and references that will serve different scientific purposes

Plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with slow coronary flow

WOS: 000327688400001PubMed ID: 24570746Introduction: Slow coronary flow (SCF) is a microvascular disorder characterized by delayed opacification of coronary vessels with normal coronary angiogram. It may be due to endothelial dysfunction and diffuse atherosclerosis. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is related to cardiovascular events. Plasma Lp(a) levels have not been studied previously in SCF patients. Aim: We investigated plasma Lp(a) and fibrinogen levels, and their relation to coronary flow rate in patients with SCE Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 patients with SCF and 30 age- and sex-matched controls who had normal coronary arteries and normal flow. Coronary flow rates of patients and controls were counted with the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count. Plasma Lp(a) and fibrinogen levels were measured in SCF patients and controls, with routine biochemical tests. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to plasma Lp(a) (21 mg/dl vs. 14 mg/dl, p = 0.11) and fibrinogen (278 mg/dl vs. 291 mg/dl, p = 0.48) levels. The TIMI frame count was not correlated with plasma Lp(a) (r = 0.13, p = 0.25) or fibrinogen (r = -0.14, p = 0.28) levels. Conclusions: Our results show that there is no significant association between SCF and Lp(a) and fibrinogen levels