TO STUDY THE ROLE OF EXERCISE AND DIETARY MANIPULATION IN OBESE RATS TREATED WITH ORLISTAT

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of exercise and dietary manipulation in obese rats treated with Orlistat.Methods: The study was conducted for 16 weeks. High-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce obesity, and once these animals were obese (eight week), manipulation in the diet, exercise, Orlistat and low dose of Orlistat were tested for 8 more weeks. During the treatment period, animals were continued with HFD except for the groups where the low-calorie diet (LCD) was used. The various manipulative options studied to include swimming test (physical exercise), Orlistat (200 mg/kg), low dose Orlistat (65 mg/kg) and low-calorie diet. The parameters were evaluated including Body weight was measured on weekly two days. Biochemical parameters such as HDL, LDL, VLDL, Triglycerides and total cholesterol were measured using diagnostic kits. Blood-glucose level was measured. On 16th week, the animals were sacrificed and their organ weights were measured. Organ weights included the Liver, Left and Right kidney and fat pad weights such as Mesenteric fat, Epididymis fat. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight, Triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, Blood-glucose level organ weights included the Liver, Left kidney and Right kidney and fat pad weights such as Mesenteric fat, Epididymis fat and increased in HDL level of the animals treated with exercise and dietary manipulation and Orlistat.Conclusion: The present study revealed that [HFD+Orlistat (low dose)+Exercise+LCD] group showed more potential effective than rest of all treatment groups.Â

IMAGE FUSION ALGORITHM FOR FUSION OF PANCHROMATIC AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES FOR HIGH SPATIAL INFORMATION WHILE PRESERVING SPECTRAL INFORMATION CONTENT

In this paper image fusion algorithm for enhancing spatial quality of the multispectral image while maintaining the spectral quality of the multispectral image is proposed. The fusion algorithm is developed based on high frequency components injection to the multispectral image to improve the spatial quality of the fused image. High frequency component is generated using the Laplacian filter. Construct the saliency map and initial weight map. Finally optimum weight parameter is calculated for each band using the guided filter, using this optimum weight parameter panchromatic and multispectral images are fused to enhance the spatial quality of the multispectral image

Integrated Multiple Features for Tumor Image Retrieval Using Classifier and Feedback Methods

AbstractThe content based image retrieval method greatly assists in retrieving medical images close to the query image from a large database basing on their visual features. This paper presents an effective approach in which the region of the object is extracted with the help of multiple features ignoring the background of the object by employing edge following segmentation method followed by extracting texture and shape characteristics of the images. The former is extracted with the help of Steerable filter at different orientations and radial Chebyshev moments are used for extracting the later. Initially the images similar to the query image are extracted from a large group of medical images. Then the search is by accelerating the retrieval process with the help of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The performance of the retrieval system is enhanced by adapting the subjective feedback method. The experimental results show that the proposed region based multiple features and integrated with classifier and subjective feedback method yields better results than classical retrieval systems

COMBINED EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CURCUMA LONGA LINN.WITH METFORMIN IN DIABETES INDUCED NEUROPTAHIC PAIN IN RATS

Objectives: A number of studies previously conducted have shown that the progression of severity of diabetic Neuropathy relates the increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia describing the probable underlying mechanism as changes in the anti-oxidant enzyme level leading to several vascular and neuronal changes. The present investigation was carried out to observe the combined effect of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma longa Linn.(Curcumin) with Metformin  in delaying of Diabetes induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats.Methods: The high-fat diet treated male SD rats were induced diabetic by a single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozocin (35mg/kg). Eddy's Hot Plate and Hot Water Tail Immersion test were the Models used to assess the Neuropathic pain. The high Fat diet treated and Diabetic Rats were treated with Metformin (500mg/kg), Curcumin (300mg/kg) and a combination of low dose of Metformin with Curcumin, followed by the oral glucose tolerance test before and after the treatment on both Normal and Diabetic Rats. After 7 weeks of treatment TBARS, SOD, Catalase and GSH levels were also estimated in the sciatic nerve homogenate of Diabetic Rats and compared with the control followed by a supporting histopathological examination of Sciatic Nerve.Results: Diabetic Rats treated with Curcuma longa Linn. and Metformin  alone and in combination showed a significant improvement in control of blood glucose level and restoration of anti-oxidant enzyme levels. There was a significant improvement in the hyperalgesia (P<0.001) due to Diabetic Neuropathy and also the reaction time to the nociceptive stimuli in Neuropathic pain models was increased after the treatment.Key Words:   Antioxidant, Curcumin, Diabetes, Metformin, Neuropathy, Streptozoci

A new multiplex RT-PCR assay for serotyping of bluetongue virus

219-225Among all viral diseases affecting small ruminants, bluetongue is the one that affects adversely to an alarming extent. The current available diagnosis/serotyping of bluetongue virus (BTV) is time consuming, costly, and requires to screen individually for each of the 29 distinct serotypes. The present study was conducted with the objective of developing a multiplex reverse transcription PCR (mRT-PCR) assay for serotyping of BTV, especially for serotypes BTV-1, 2, 9, 12, 16, 21 and 23 predominantly circulating in India. The type specific primers for the selected BTV serotypes were designed targeting the serotype specific segment-2 region of BTV based on the reference serotype sequences of Indian isolates available in GenBank. The mRT-PCR was conducted in two groups - group A for BTV-1, 9, 12, 21 and group B for BTV-2, 16 and 23. A panel of 25 BT suspected clinical samples were typed by mRT-PCR. The results were further validated by the gold standard serum neutralization test (SNT). A seroprevalence of 60% for BTV- 2, 10% for BTV- 9, 15% for BTV- 1, 10% for BTV- 16 and 5% for BTV- 23 were observed. Further, we noticed that there was a mixed serotype infection in 10% of BTV positive samples. In conclusion, we report the development of a novel mRT-PCR assay for a rapid and cost-effective nucleic acid based serotyping of BTV having the specificity same as SNT

ESTIMATION OF PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE FROM ITS TABLET FORMULATION BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

A simple, precise and accurate UV Spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of Paroxetine hydrochloride. The developed method obeyed Beer-Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 5-30 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.995. The recovery study was carried out at three different levels and was found to be satisfactory. The percent amount of drug estimated by this method is 100%, found to be in good agreement with label claim of marketed tablet formulation. The validation parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and ruggedness were studied and were found to be within limits. The proposed method can be adopted for routine quality control analysis of estimation of Paroxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation

Recovery of Bacillus licheniformis Alkaline Protease from Supernatant of Fermented Wastewater Sludge Using Ultrafiltration and Its Characterization

Investigation on recovery of alkaline protease from B. licheniformis ATCC 21424 fermented wastewater sludge was carried out by centrifugation and ultrafiltration. Optimization of ultrafiltration parameters (transmembrane pressure (TMP) and feed flux) was carried out with 10 kDa membrane. TMP of 90 kPa and feed flux of 714 L/h/m2 gave highest recovery (83%) of the enzyme from the centrifuged supernatant. The recovered enzyme had given maximum activity at temperature of 60°C and at pH 10. It was stable between pH 8 to 10 and retained 97% activity at 60°C after 180 min of incubation. Enzyme activity was significantly augmented by metal ions like Ca2+ and Mn2+. Protease inhibitors like phenylmethyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diisopropyl fluorophosphates (DFPs) completely inhibited the enzyme activity. The partially purified protease showed excellent stability and compatibility with various commercial detergents. The detergent (Sunlight) removed the blood stains effectively along with the enzyme as additive

Agricultural by-products for phosphorous removal and recovery from water and wastewater: A green technology

© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. Phosphorus (P) is a critical nutrient for plant growth. The excessive amount of P in aquatic medium may originate from natural sources and/or artificial sources. This chapter discusses P removal/recovery from wastewater due to surface water quality deterioration and P rock reserves depletion. It focuses on both fundamental and applied aspects of this practice using agricultural waste based biosorbents (AWBs). Understanding the operation principles is expected to enable the application of AWBs in the future. Because of increasing concerns relevant to water quality deterioration and depletion of global P rock reserves, P removal/recovery recently has become a matter of interest. Even though various technologies are presently available, adsorption seems to have advantages when used for P recovery. Although AWBs in both natural and modified forms can be used for P removal, the low P uptake capacity of raw AWBs hinders their widespread application

Contrasting selective patterns across the segmented genome of bluetongue virus in a global reassortment hotspot

For segmented viruses, rapid genomic and phenotypic changes can occur through the process of reassortment, whereby co-infecting strains exchange entire segments creating novel progeny virus genotypes. However, for many viruses with segmented genomes, this process and its effect on transmission dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the consequences of reassortment for selection on viral diversity through time using bluetongue virus (BTV), a segmented arbovirus that is the causative agent of a major disease of ruminants. We analysed ninety-two BTV genomes isolated across four decades from India, where BTV diversity, and thus opportunities for reassortment, are among the highest in the world. Our results point to frequent reassortment and segment turnover, some of which appear to be driven by selective sweeps and serial hitchhiking. Particularly, we found evidence for a recent selective sweep affecting segment 5 and its encoded NS1 protein that has allowed a single variant to essentially invade the full range of BTV genomic backgrounds and serotypes currently circulating in India. In contrast, diversifying selection was found to play an important role in maintaining genetic diversity in genes encoding outer surface proteins involved in virus interactions (VP2 and VP5, encoded by segments 2 and 6, respectively). Our results support the role of reassortment in driving rapid phenotypic change in segmented viruses and generate testable hypotheses for in vitro experiments aiming at understanding the specific mechanisms underlying differences in fitness and selection across viral genomes

Hydrophobic and metallophobic surfaces: Highly stable non-wetting inorganic surfaces based on lanthanum phosphate nanorods

Metal oxides, in general, are known to exhibit significant wettability towards water molecules because of the high feasibility of synergetic hydrogen-bonding interactions possible at the solid-water interface. Here we show that the nano sized phosphates of rare earth materials (Rare Earth Phosphates, REPs), LaPO 4 in particular, exhibit without any chemical modification, unique combination of intrinsic properties including remarkable hydrophobicity that could be retained even after exposure to extreme temperatures and harsh hydrothermal conditions. Transparent nanocoatings of LaPO 4 as well as mixture of other REPs on glass surfaces are shown to display notable hydrophobicity with water contact angle (WCA) value of 120° while sintered and polished monoliths manifested WCA greater than 105°. Significantly, these materials in the form of coatings and monoliths also exhibit complete non-wettability and inertness towards molten metals like Ag, Zn, and Al well above their melting points. These properties, coupled with their excellent chemical and thermal stability, ease of processing, machinability and their versatile photo-physical and emission properties, render LaPO 4 and other REP ceramics utility in diverse applications