46 research outputs found
Analisis Adopsi Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian Berbasis Padi di Sumatera Selatan dalam Perspektif Komunikasi
Analysis of Adoption of Agricultural Technology Innovation Rice-based Farming in Sumatra inthe perspective of communications. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) South Sumatrahas produced innovative rice-based farming technology in various agroecosystem. However, adoption ratesare still relatively low. Evaluation of four assessments aimed to identify the factors that predominantly affectthe adoption of technological innovation based local-specific farming rice and to know the level of adoption.This activity is carried out in OKI, East OKU and Banyuasin regencies with 67 respondents interviewedin July-September 2007. The results of this assessment showed that the factors that influence the adoption oftechnological innovations such as the level of selective exposure of technology innovation, cosmopolite,triability, complexity of technology and agricultural extension intensity. The average adoption index for thepacket of rice cultivation technology was 50.32%. As many as 93.02% of respondents have positive perceptionsof the researcher-extension AIAT South Sumatra as the communicator in delivering information technology.Most respondents (80%) expressed a desire to obtain agricultural information generated AIAT South Sumatra.Key words: Adoption, innovation, rice, communication Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Sumatera Selatan sudah menghasilkan inovasi teknologipertanian berbasis padi di berbagai agroekosistem. Namun tingkat adopsinya masih relatif rendah. Evaluasi terhadapempat pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi proses adopsiinovasi teknologi pertanian spesifik lokasi berbasis padi dan mengetahui tingkat adopsinya. Kegiatan ini dilakukan diKabupaten OKI, OKU Timur dan Banyuasin dengan mewawancarai 67 orang responden pada bulan Juli – September2007. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif diketahui bahwa (1) adopsi inovasi teknologi budidaya tanamanpadi di Sumatera Selatan dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kebutuhan petani terhadap inovasi teknologi, sifat kekosmopolitanpetani, triabilitas dan kompleksitas teknologi dan intensitas pembinaan, (2) indeks adopsi inovasi petani terhadappaket teknologi budidaya padi kondisinya beragam tergantung pada jenis kegiatan, (3) petani di Sumatera Selatanumumnya memberikan apresiasi positif terhadap peneliti-penyuluh BPTP Sumatera Selatan, terlihat dari tingginyaminat petani untuk mendapatkan berbagai media informasi pertanian BPTP Sumatera Selatan, dan (4) temuankajian ini mengindikasikan faktor komunikasi memegang peran utama yang dapat mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi
Rh/DuanPhos-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‑Acetylamino Vinylsulfides: An Approach to Chiral β‑Acetylamino Sulfides
Rh/DuanPhos-catalyzed
asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging β-acetylamino
vinylsulfides has been developed, affording chiral β-acetylamino
sulfides with high yields and excellent ee’s (up to 99% ee).
This novel methodology provides an efficient and concise synthetic
route to chiral β-acetylamino sulfides. The potential utility
of this protocol in the synthesis of Apremilast has also been disclosed
Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‑Acetylamino Acrylosulfones: A Practical Approach to Chiral β‑Amido Sulfones
The
efficient and highly enantioselective catalytic asymmetric
hydrogenation of β-acetylamino acrylosulfone has been achieved
by employing Rhodium-TangPhos as catalyst. A series of β-amido
sulfone products are obtained with excellent yields and good enantioselectivities
Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Oxime Acetates
Rh-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of oxime acetates was first reported, which afforded a new approach for chiral amine synthesis
Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds via Thiourea Hydrogen Bonding
The
strategy of secondary interaction enables enantioselectivity
for homogeneous hydrogenation. By introducing hydrogen bonding of
substrates with thiourea from the ligand, α,β-unsaturated
carbonyl compounds, such as amides and esters, are hydrogenated with
high enantiomeric excess. The substrate scope for this chemical transformation
is broad with various substituents at the β-position. Control
experiments revealed that each unit of the ligand ZhaoPhos is irreplaceable.
No nonlinear effect was observed for this Rh/ZhaoPhos-catalyzed asymmetric
hydrogenation
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Simple Aromatic Ketones
A green method for chiral amine synthesis, the direct catalytic asymmetric reductive amination, was developed. Phenylhydrazide is an ideal nitrogen source for reductive amination. Molecular sieves play dual roles in this reaction. They help to remove H<sub>2</sub>O to form imine, as well as promote an imine reduction. f-Binaphane minimizes the inhibition effect from amines and helps the coordination of sterically demanding imines to the iridium center, thus leading to a smooth reaction
Cascade Synthesis of Fenpiprane and Related Pharmaceuticals via Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation
A novel rhodium catalytic system with Naphos as ligand was developed for an efficient hydroaminomethylation of 1,1-diphenylethene under relatively mild conditions. This will allow for an atom-economic and environmentally benign synthesis of fenpiprane and related pharmaceuticals
A Novel Triphosphoramidite Ligand for Highly Regioselective Linear Hydroformylation of Terminal and Internal Olefins
The first triphosphorus ligand has been designed and synthesized for highly regioselective linear hydroformylations. A very high <i><i>l</i></i>/<i><i>b</i></i> ratio (up to 471, 99.8% linear selectivity) was obtained in the linear hydroformylation of representative terminal and internal olefins. For the range of substrates tested, the regioselectivities achieved utilizing the novel triphosphoramidite ligand were much better than those of the bisphosphoramidite ligand and close to those of the tetraphosphoramidite ligand
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Chiral α‑CF<sub>3</sub> Amines via Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Highly
enantioselective catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of α-CF<sub>3</sub>-enamides has been achieved by employing rhodium–DuanPhos
as the catalyst, which provides a readily accessible method for the
synthesis of chiral trifluoromethylated amines. The reaction has a
broad substrate scope; both aryl- and alkyl-substituted α-CF<sub>3</sub>-enamides worked smoothly and afford the corresponding chiral
amines in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%
ee)
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Enantioenriched 2‑Pyrrolidones via Diastereoselective Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated γ‑Lactams
Synthesis
of optically enriched racetam analogues was achieved
via highly remote diastereocontrolled and enantiocontrolled Pd/C-catalyzed
hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams.
Various mono- and disubstituted 2-pyrrolidones were obtained in excellent
yields and stereoselectivities, and a concise and large-scale synthesis
of brivaracetam was developed from inexpensive l-2-aminobutyric
acid. Surprisingly, stereodivergent hydrogenation was observed by
modifying remote functionalized stereocenters and additives, which
would provide alternative stereochemical options of chiral racetams
synthesis