Stability Analysis of Impulsive Control Systems with Finite and Infinite Delays

This paper studies impulsive control systems with finite and infinite delays. Several stability criteria are established by employing the largest and smallest eigenvalue of matrix. Our sufficient conditions are less restrictive than the ones in the earlier literature. Moreover, it is shown that by using impulsive control, the delay systems can be stabilized even if it contains no stable matrix. Finally, some numerical examples are discussed to illustrate the theoretical results

A Sequence-to-Sequence&Set Model for Text-to-Table Generation

Recently, the text-to-table generation task has attracted increasing attention due to its wide applications. In this aspect, the dominant model formalizes this task as a sequence-to-sequence generation task and serializes each table into a token sequence during training by concatenating all rows in a top-down order. However, it suffers from two serious defects: 1) the predefined order introduces a wrong bias during training, which highly penalizes shifts in the order between rows; 2) the error propagation problem becomes serious when the model outputs a long token sequence. In this paper, we first conduct a preliminary study to demonstrate the generation of most rows is order-insensitive. Furthermore, we propose a novel sequence-to-sequence&set text-to-table generation model. Specifically, in addition to a text encoder encoding the input text, our model is equipped with a table header generator to first output a table header, i.e., the first row of the table, in the manner of sequence generation. Then we use a table body generator with learnable row embeddings and column embeddings to generate a set of table body rows in parallel. Particularly, to deal with the issue that there is no correspondence between each generated table body row and target during training, we propose a target assignment strategy based on the bipartite matching between the first cells of generated table body rows and targets. Experiment results show that our model significantly surpasses the baselines, achieving state-of-the-art performance on commonly-used datasets

The mechanism of word satiation in Tibetan reading: Evidence from eye movements

Two eye-tracking experiments were used to investigate the mechanism of word satiation in Tibetan reading. The results revealed that, at a low repetition level, gaze duration and total fixation duration in the semantically unrelated condition were significantly longer than in the semantically related condition; at a medium repetition level, reaction time in the semantically related condition was significantly longer than in the semantically unrelated condition; at a high repetition level, the total fixation duration and reaction time in the semantically related condition were significantly longer than in the semantically unrelated condition. However, fixation duration and reaction time showed no significant difference between the similar and dissimilar orthography at any repetition level. These findings imply that there are semantic priming effects in Tibetan reading at a low repetition level, but semantic satiation effects at greater repetition levels, which occur in the late stage of lexical processing

Phenotypic characteristics and transcriptome of wax gourd embryonic root development under high auxin stress

Wax gourd is an important horticultural crop, and auxin plays a crucial role in its growth and development. However, excessive concentrations of auxin can inhibit plant growth. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic characteristics and conducted a transcriptomic analysis of wax gourd embryonic root development under high auxin concentration. Phenotypic observations revealed that as auxin concentration increased, the primary root of the wax gourd radicle became shorter, the number of lateral roots increased, and the length of lateral roots fluctuated. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1,305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 43 genes associated with auxin, as determined by GO and KEGG annotations. We further focused on 10 key genes with significant differential expression and validated the results using qRT-PCR, which aligned with the transcriptomic date. Notably, the expression of ABCB increased with higher IAA concentrations, while PILS7, LAX3, IAA16, FRQ1, and MYBS3 showed significant downregulation at 600 μM IAA. Conversely, SAUR32 and SAUR71 were significantly upregulated under the same conditions, while the expression of PIN3 and KRP1 exhibited variable patterns. These findings suggest that these genes are key regulators of wax gourd embryonic root responses to high auxin concentration. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying auxin-induced stress in wax gourd and lays a foundation for further research on its response mechanisms

Metabolomics and Antioxidant Capacity Analysis of Flavonoids in the Bran of Purple-Black Kam Sweet Rice (Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa Matsum)

Metabolomic analysis and antioxidant activity of flavonoids were investigated in the bran of deep purple-black (cv. Yadingsha), light purple-black (cv. Gounendang) and white (cv. Gouyangnong) Kam Sweet Rice (KSR). Differential flavonoid metabolites between the three varieties of KSR were determined and the correlation between flavonoid metabolites and antioxidant activity was analyzed. The results showed that a total of 139 flavonoids, belonging to 10 different classes, were identified in the rice bran. Seven, two and seven unique metabolites were found in Yadingsha, Gounendang, and Gouyangnong, respectively. Additionally, 111, 104, and 96 differential metabolites were found in Yadingsha versus Gouyangnong, Gounendang versus Gouyangnong, and Yadingsha versus Gounendang, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the contents of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, dihydroflavonols and chalcones among rice brans of different kernel colors. Yadingsha exhibited the highest total flavonoid content and demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical, followed by Gounendang, suggesting a positive correlation between kernel color depth and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant capacity. A total of 72 flavonoid metabolites showed significant or highly significant positive correlations with antioxidant capacity. This study provides a scientific basis for the processing and utilization of purple-black KSR bran and further research on its flavonoid metabolism

A CBL4-CIPK6 module confers salt tolerance in cucumber

Soil salinization is a major threat to cucumbers grown under protected cultivation. Under stressful environments, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) can sense and bind Ca2+ signals and regulate CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to transmit signals and induce cellular responses. Although CBL-CIPK modules play central roles in plant development and response to various abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis, little is known about their functions in cucumber. In this study, we demonstrate that CsCBL4 interacts with CsCIPK6, which exhibited similar responses to salt stress in cucumber. Furthermore, salt stress resulted in greater accumulation of CsCBL4 and CsCIPK6. Comprehensive phenotype analysis demonstrated that silencing CsCBL4 or CsCIPK6 reduced the salt tolerance of cucumber, and overexpression of CsCBL4 increased the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis. Collectively, these results indicate that the CsCBL4-CsCIPK6 module plays an important role in the resistance of cucumber to salt stress. The information provides insights for the genetic breeding of salt tolerance in cucumber in the future