254 research outputs found
Phosphorylation of TGB1 by protein kinase CK2 promotes barley stripe mosaic virus movement in monocots and dicots.
The barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) triple gene block 1 (TGB1) protein is required for virus cell-to-cell movement. However, little information is available about how these activities are regulated by post-translational modifications. In this study, we showed that the BSMV Xinjiang strain TGB1 (XJTGB1) is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by protein kinase CK2 from barley and Nicotiana benthamiana. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro phosphorylation assays demonstrated that Thr-401 is the major phosphorylation site of the XJTGB1 protein, and suggested that a Thr-395 kinase docking site supports Thr-401 phosphorylation. Substitution of Thr-395 with alanine (T395A) only moderately impaired virus cell-to-cell movement and systemic infection. In contrast, the Thr-401 alanine (T401A) virus mutant was unable to systemically infect N. benthamiana but had only minor effects in monocot hosts. Substitution of Thr-395 or Thr-401 with aspartic acid interfered with monocot and dicot cell-to-cell movement and the plants failed to develop systemic infections. However, virus derivatives with single glutamic acid substitutions at Thr-395 and Thr-401 developed nearly normal systemic infections in the monocot hosts but were unable to infect N. benthamiana systemically, and none of the double mutants was able to infect dicot and monocot hosts. The mutant XJTGB1T395A/T401A weakened in vitro interactions between XJTGB1 and XJTGB3 proteins but had little effect on XJTGB1 RNA-binding ability. Taken together, our results support a critical role of CK2 phosphorylation in the movement of BSMV in monocots and dicots, and provide new insights into the roles of phosphorylation in TGB protein functions
Efficient Mn(II) removal mechanism by Serratia marcescens QZB-1 at high manganese concentration
Manganese (Mn(II)) pollution has recently increased and requires efficient remediation. In this study, Serratia marcescens QZB-1, isolated from acidic red soil, exhibited high tolerance against Mn(II) (up to 364âmM). Strain QZB-1 removed a total of 98.4% of 18âmM Mn(II), with an adsorption rate of 71.4% and oxidation rate of 28.6% after incubation for 48 h. The strain synthesized more protein (PN) to absorb Mn(II) when stimulated with Mn(II). The pH value of the cultural medium continuously increased during the Mn(II) removal process. The product crystal composition (mainly MnO2 and MnCO3), Mn-O functional group, and element-level fluctuations confirmed Mn oxidation. Overall, strain QZB-1 efficiently removed high concentration of Mn(II) mainly via adsorption and showed great potential for manganese wastewater removal
Biological Effects of Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials on Mammalian Cells and Animals
The remarkable progress of applied black phosphorus nanomaterials (BPNMs) is attributed to BP's outstanding properties. Due to its potential for applications, environmental release and subsequent human exposure are virtually inevitable. Therefore, how BPNMs impact biological systems and human health needs to be considered. In this comprehensive Minireview, the most recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms and regulation factors of BPNMsâ endogenous toxicity to mammalian systems are presented. These achievements lay the groundwork for an understanding of its biological effects, aimed towards establishing regulatory principles to minimize the adverse health impacts
IL-34 Expression Is Reduced in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Associated With Thyrocyte Apoptosis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disease accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration and thyroid tissue destruction. IL-34 was first described in 2008, and its involvement in the development of many autoimmune diseases has been recently identified. However, whether IL-34 is a regulatory factor in HT is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that IL-34 is expressed on thyroid follicular epithelial cells and that IL-34 expression is significantly reduced in thyroid tissue in patients with HT and spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) models. Serum IL-34 levels in patients with HT are also significantly reduced. In addition, IL-34 is associated with thyroid autoantibodies in both thyroid tissue and serum. Furthermore, our data show that IL-34 participates in the apoptosis resistance of thyrocytes in HT induced by CSF-1R and may be a potential indicator for evaluating thyrocyte damage
Biologische Effekte von auf schwarzem Phosphor basierenden Nanomaterialien auf Zellen und Tiere
Die bedeutenden Fortschritte bei der Anwendung von auf schwarzem Phosphor basierenden Nanomaterialien (SPNMs) sind auf deren hervorragende Eigenschaften zurĂŒckzufĂŒhren. Aufgrund der vielfĂ€ltigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Materialien sind die Freisetzung in die Umwelt und eine anschlieĂende Exposition des Menschen praktisch unvermeidlich. Daher muss untersucht werden, wie sich SPNMs auf biologische Systeme und die menschliche Gesundheit auswirken. In dieser umfassenden Ăbersicht werden die neuesten Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf Wirkungsweise, Mechanismen und Regulierungsfaktoren der endogenen ToxizitĂ€t von SPNMs in SĂ€ugetieren vorgestellt. Diese Ergebnisse bilden die Grundlage fĂŒr das VerstĂ€ndnis der biologischen Auswirkungen und haben das Ziel, Regulierungsprinzipien zur Minimierung gesundheitsschĂ€dlicher Auswirkungen festzulegen
High power and stable P-doped yolk-shell structured Si@C anode simultaneously enhancing conductivity and Li+ diffusion kinetics
Silicon is a low price and high capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The yolk-shell structure can effectively accommodate Si expansion to improve stability. However, the limited rate performance of Si anodes canât meet peopleâs growing demand for high power density. Herein, the phosphorus-doped yolk-shell Si@C materials (P-doped Si@C) were prepared through carbon coating on P-doped Si/SiOx matrix to obtain high power and stable devices. Therefore, the as-prepared P-doped Si@C electrodes delivered a rapid increase in Coulombic efficiency from 74.4% to 99.6% after only 6 cycles, high capacity retention of ⌠95% over 800 cycles at 4 A·gâ1, and great rate capability (510 mAh·gâ1 at 35 A·gâ1). As a result, P-doped Si@C anodes paired with commercial activated carbon and LiFePO4 cathode to assemble lithium-ion capacitor (high power density of ⌠61,080 W·kgâ1 at 20 A·gâ1) and lithium-ion full cell (good rate performance with 68.3 mAh·gâ1 at 5 C), respectively. This work can provide an effective way to further improve power density and stability for energy storage devices
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