Research progress on moyamoya disease combined with thyroid diseases

Moyamoya disease (MMD), also known as abnormal cerebral vascular network disease, is characterized by progressive occlusion or stenosis of the internal carotid and cerebral arteries, as well as the formation of an abnormal cerebral vascular network. It can occur anywhere in the world but is most common in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. In recent years, there have been increasing reports on the coexistence of thyroid diseases and MMD, but the mechanism of their coexistence is still unclear. For this article, we used keywords such as “moyamoya disease”, “thyroid”, “Grave disease”, “thyrotoxicosis”, and “thyroid autoimmune antibodies” to search for 52 articles that met the requirements in medical databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. This article also reviews the research on the role of thyroid hormone, the mechanism of immune antibodies, the possible correlation between thyroid diseases and MMD disease genes, and the treatment methods, and discusses the possible relationship between MMD and thyroid diseases to provide a reference for the pathogenesis and treatment of MMD with thyroid diseases

Clinical value of the systemic immune-inflammation index in moyamoya disease

BackgroundMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder with unknown etiology. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of moyamoya disease remains to be elucidated, but recent studies have increasingly highlighted that abnormal immune response may be a potential trigger for MMD. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) are inflammatory markers that can reflect the immune-inflammation state of the disease.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate SII, NLR, and PLR in patients with moyamoya disease.MethodsA total of 154 patients with moyamoya disease (MMD group) and 321 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included in this retrospective case–control study. Complete blood count parameters were assayed to calculate the SII, NLR, and PLR values.ResultsThe SII, NLR, and PLR values in the moyamoya disease group were significantly higher than those in the control group [754 ± 499 vs. 411 ± 205 (P < 0.001), 2.83 ± 1.98 vs. 1.81 ± 0.72 (P < 0.001), and 152 ± 64 vs. 120 ± 42 (P < 0.001), respectively]. The SII in the medium-moyamoya vessels of moyamoya disease was higher than that in the high-moyamoya vessels and low-moyamoya vessels (P = 0.005). Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict MMD, the highest area under the curve (AUC) was determined for SII (0.76 for SII, 0.69 for NLR, and 0.66 for PLR).ConclusionBased on the results of this study, patients with moyamoya disease admitted for inpatient care due to acute or chronic stroke have significantly higher SII, NLR, and PLR when compared to blood samples drawn from completely healthy controls in a non-emergent outpatient setting. While the findings may suggest that inflammation plays a role in moyamoya disease, further studies are warranted to corroborate such an association. In the middle stage of moyamoya disease, there may be a more intense imbalance of immune inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine whether the SII index contributes to the diagnosis or serves as a potential marker of an inflammatory response in patients with moyamoya disease

Sex differences in the adult human brain:Evidence from 5216 UK Biobank participants

Sex differences in the human brain are of interest for many reasons: for example, there are sex differences in the observed prevalence of psychiatric disorders and in some psychological traits that brain differences might help to explain. We report the largest single-sample study of structural and functional sex differences in the human brain (2750 female, 2466 male participants; mean age 61.7 years, range 44–77 years). Males had higher raw volumes, raw surface areas, and white matter fractional anisotropy; females had higher raw cortical thickness and higher white matter tract complexity. There was considerable distributional overlap between the sexes. Subregional differences were not fully attributable to differences in total volume, total surface area, mean cortical thickness, or height. There was generally greater male variance across the raw structural measures. Functional connectome organization showed stronger connectivity for males in unimodal sensorimotor cortices, and stronger connectivity for females in the default mode network. This large-scale study provides a foundation for attempts to understand the causes and consequences of sex differences in adult brain structure and function

A Novel Iterative and Dynamic Trust Computing Model for Large Scaled P2P Networks

Trust management has been emerging as an essential complementary part to security mechanisms of P2P systems, and trustworthiness is one of the most important concepts driving decision making and establishing reliable relationships. Collusion attack is a main challenge to distributed P2P trust model. Large scaled P2P systems have typical features, such as large scaled data with rapid speed, and this paper presented an iterative and dynamic trust computation model named IDTrust (Iterative and Dynamic Trust model) according to these properties. First of all, a three-layered distributed trust communication architecture was presented in IDTrust so as to separate evidence collector and trust decision from P2P service. Then an iterative and dynamic trust computation method was presented to improve efficiency, where only latest evidences were enrolled during one iterative computation. On the basis of these, direct trust model, indirect trust model, and global trust model were presented with both explicit and implicit evidences. We consider multifactors in IDTrust model according to different malicious behaviors, such as similarity, successful transaction rate, and time decay factors. Simulations and analysis proved the rightness and efficiency of IDTrust against attacks with quick respond and sensitiveness during trust decision

Green coal mining under buildings by overburden grout injection for coalmine sustainable development of central China

Coal will occupy the main position in China's energy structure for a long time, and the negative externalities of its exploitation have a serious impact on the ground surface and its appurtenances. With the proposal of the dual carbon strategy, the coal-based energy determines that green and safe coal mining should be the priority direction of China's energy development. Taking Xinyi coalmine, which is mined in unstable coal seams with large mining depth, as the research area, the surface response characteristic and subsidence law under the different mining degrees were clarified. Meanwhile, the damage mechanism of buildings was revealed, which was from no obvious damage to Grade Ⅳ under the extremely insufficient mining to subcritical mining. Based on the sustainable development and green production in coalmines, the overburden grout injection technique under buildings that does not affect the normal production was proposed, and its technical principle was described. A weighted grey relational analysis model was established, and obtained that the panel width was the main factor affecting the overburden failure height under subcritical mining. According to the definition of overburden failure degree proposed by the author, the feasibility of overburden grout injection technique under buildings was analyzed and the key parameters, such as slurry diffusion radius, borehole position and depth, grouting system and technology, were determined and successfully applied. The engineering application shows that the maximum surface subsidence after grouting is 253 mm, and the building damage is within the Grade I. Meanwhile, 5.82 Mt of coal resources under the buildings have been liberated, which realizes high quality coal mining, low environmental damage, green and low-carbon, and also provides a reference for the sustainable development of coal enterprises, especially for the exhausted coalmines that recover coal pillars

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Surface Residual Deformation above Longwall Abandoned Goaf

With the rapid development of social economy in China, the contradiction between the wide distribution of abandoned goaf and the shortage of land for engineering construction is becoming increasingly prominent. The effective utilization of coal mining subsidence areas has become an effective measure to alleviate the poverty of construction land in mining areas and promote the green transformation of mining cities. The key to the scientific utilization of abandoned goaf is the prevention and control of surface residual deformation, which depends on the formation mechanism of surface residual deformation. Based on the regularity of mining-induced surface movement and deformation under different mining sizes, it is concluded that the full mining degree of working face is the primary condition for entering the surface recession period. The trapezoidal and periodic forward movement characteristics of mining-induced overburden destruction are analyzed. The regularity of upward transmission of mining-induced fissures with overburden destruction is clarified. The influencing factors of surface residual deformation are equivalent to the influencing factors of overburden structure and caved zone. The deformation characteristics of broken rock in the caved zone under different conditions (particle size, gradation, and water content) are analyzed. It is concluded that the surface residual subsidence near the boundary of the goaf is more significant than that in the middle of the goaf. It is revealed that the overburden structure at the boundary of the goaf and the re-compaction of the caved zone is the mechanism of surface residual deformation. The characteristics of surface residual deformation in abandoned goaf have been verified by field measurement, and it is pointed out that the surface residual deformation in abandoned goaf has long-term characteristics, which provides a theoretical basis for accurate prediction of surface residual deformation and rational utilization of abandoned goaf

Adhesion to the Brain Endothelium Selects Breast Cancer Cells with Brain Metastasis Potential

Tumor cells metastasize from a primary lesion to distant organs mainly through hematogenous dissemination, in which tumor cell re-adhesion to the endothelium is essential before extravasating into the target site. We thus hypothesize that tumor cells with the ability to adhere to the endothelium of a specific organ exhibit enhanced metastatic tropism to this target organ. This study tested this hypothesis and developed an in vitro model to mimic the adhesion between tumor cells and brain endothelium under fluid shear stress, which selected a subpopulation of tumor cells with enhanced adhesion strength. The selected cells up-regulated the genes related to brain metastasis and exhibited an enhanced ability to transmigrate through the blood–brain barrier. In the soft microenvironments that mimicked brain tissue, these cells had elevated adhesion and survival ability. Further, tumor cells selected by brain endothelium adhesion expressed higher levels of MUC1, VCAM1, and VLA-4, which were relevant to breast cancer brain metastasis. In summary, this study provides the first piece of evidence to support that the adhesion of circulating tumor cells to the brain endothelium selects the cells with enhanced brain metastasis potential