Liparis tianchiensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Gansu, China

Liparis tianchiensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a new species from Wenxian County, Gansu Province, China, is described and illustrated, based on morphological characters. Liparis tianchiensis is morphologically similar to L. damingshanensis, L. pauliana and L. mengziensis with erect, lax flowered-inflorescences, small persistent floral bracts, small greenish-purple flowers, spreading sepals, free reflexed and linear petals, a lip with 2 calli near the base and an arcuate column. Liparis tianchiensis differs from L. pauliana by the single and much smaller leaf, shorter sepals and petals, smaller and reflexed oblong lip. It differs from L. mengziensis by having fewer and larger flowers and not connate lip apex. The novelty mostly resembles L. damingshanensis, but can be readily identified by having longer sepals and a reflexed oblong lip. Liparis tianchiensis only occurs in evergreen broad-leaved forest around a mountain lake in Wenxian County, Gansu Province, China

5-(1H-Inden-2-yl)-1,3-benzodioxole

In the title compound, C16H12O2, the non-H atoms are coplanar with a mean r.m.s. deviation of 0.0260 (2) Å. The deviations of the bond angles from normal values at the indenyl junction C atom and the indenyl bridgehead C atom nearest the junction are imposed by the five-membered ring geometry. Due to conjugation, the single bond linking the two ring systems [1.455 (3) Å] is significantly shorter than the formal single bonds in the five-membered carbocyclic ring [1.500 (3) and 1.489 (3) Å]

Evaluation of X-Inactivation Status and Cytogenetic Stability of Human Dermal Fibroblasts after Long-Term Culture

Human primary fibroblasts are a popular type of somatic cells for the production of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Here we characterized biological properties of primary fibroblasts in terms of cell-growth rate, cytogenetic stability, and the number of inactive X chromosomes during long-term passaging. We produced eight lines of female human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and found normal karyotype and expected pattern of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) at low passages (Passage P1-5). However, four out of the eight HDF lines at high passage numbers (≥ P10) exhibited duplicated hallmarks of inactive X chromosome including two punctuate signals of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) RNA signals in approximately 8.5–18.5% of the cells. Our data suggest that the copy number of inactive X chromosomes in a subset of female HDF is increased by a two-fold. Consistently, DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) identified 3-4 copies of X chromosomes in one nucleus in this subset of cells with two inactive Xs. We conclude that female HDF cultures exhibit a higher risk of genetic anomalies such as carrying an increased number of X chromosomes including both active and inactive X chromosomes at a high passage (≥ P10)

Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of juglone in LS-174T cells

Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of juglone in LS-174T cells were investigated. In this study, we showed that juglone inhibited the proliferation of LS-174T cells in a time and dose-dependent manner, treatment of juglone resulted in the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, decrease of Bcl-2. N-acetylcysteine significantly attenuate LS-174T cell death induced by juglone (p<0.001). In addition, NAC could reverse caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, increase expression of Bcl-2 protein. Taken together, these findings indicated that juglone-mediated oxidative injury may act as upstream change, trigger ROS release, Bcl-2 modulation, caspase activation, and consequently leading cell apoptosis in LS-174T cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that juglone may be an effective way for treating human cancers

Assessing the Effect of Simultaneous Combining of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the Improvement of Working Memory Performance in Healthy Individuals

A previous study found that combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) could evoke significantly larger activation on a range of cortical and subcortical brain regions than the numerical summation of tDCS and taVNS effects. In this study, two within-subject experiments were employed to investigate its effects on working memory (WM). In experiment 1, the WM modulatory effects of tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), taVNS, and simultaneous joint simulation of tDCS over the left DLPFC and taVNS (SJS-L) were compared among 60 healthy subjects. They received these three interventions between the baseline test and post-test in a random manner three times. In spatial 3-back task, there was a significant interaction between time and stimulations in the accuracy rate of matching trials (mACC, p=0.018). MACCs were significantly improved by SJS (p = 0.001) and taVNS (p = 0.045), but not by tDCS (p = 0.495). Moreover, 41 subjects in the SJS group showed improvement, which was significantly larger than that in the taVNS group (29 subjects) and tDCS group (26 subjects). To further investigate the generalization effects of SJS, 72 students were recruited in experiment 2. They received tDCS over the right DLPFC, taVNS, simultaneous joint simulation of tDCS over the right DLPFC and taVNS (SJS-R), and sham stimulation in a random manner four times. No significant results were found, but there was a tendency similar to experiment 1 in the spatial 3-back task. In conclusion, combining tDCS and taVNS might be a potential non-invasive neuromodulation technique which is worthy of study in future

Enhanced Artificial Enzyme Activities on the Reconstructed Sawtoothlike Nanofacets of Pure and Pr-Doped Ceria Nanocubes

In this work, a simple one-step thermal oxidation process was established to achieve a significant surface increase in {110} and {111} nanofacets on well-defined, pure and Pr-doped, ceria nanocubes. More importantly, without changing most of the bulk properties, this treatment leads to a remarkable boost of their enzymatic activities: from the oxidant (oxidase-like) to antioxidant (hydroxyl radical scavenging) as well as the paraoxon degradation (phosphatase-like) activities. Such performance improvement might be due to the thermally generated sawtoothlike {111} nanofacets and defects, which facilitate the oxygen mobility and the formation of oxygen vacancies on the surface. Finally, possible mechanisms of nanoceria as artificial enzymes have been proposed in this manuscript. Considering the potential application of ceria as artificial enzymes, this thermal treatment may enable the future design of highly efficient nanozymes without changing the bulk composition.This work has been supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain with Reference Numbers of ENE2017-82451-C3-2-R, MAT2016-81118-P and MAT2017-87579-R. The research projects funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant ZR2017LB028), Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (Grant 2018GSF118032), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant 18CX02125A) in China are also acknowledged. TEM/STEM data were obtained at DMEUCA node of the Spanish Unique Scientific and Technological Infrastructure (ICTS) of Electron Microscopy of Materials ELECMIM. M. Tinoco thanks the FPU Scholarship Program (Grant AP2010-3737) from Ministry of Education of Spain. H. Pan is grateful for financial support (Grant 201406140130) from the Chinese Scholarship Council to accomplish her Ph.D. study at the University of Cadiz (Spain). J. M. Gonzalez, G. Blanco, and X. Chen are also grateful for the financial support from the joint project (Proyectos Integradores, Grant PI20201) in IMEYMAT of the University of Cadiz

Beyond spectroscopy. II. Stellar parameters for over twenty million stars in the northern sky from SAGES DR1 and Gaia DR3

We present precise photometric estimates of stellar parameters, including effective temperature, metallicity, luminosity classification, distance, and stellar age, for nearly 26 million stars using the methodology developed in the first paper of this series, based on the stellar colors from the Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey (SAGES) DR1 and Gaia EDR3. The optimal design of stellar-parameter sensitive $uv$ filters by SAGES has enabled us to determine photometric-metallicity estimates down to $-3.5$, similar to our previous results with the SkyMapper Southern Survey (SMSS), yielding a large sample of over five million metal-poor (MP; [Fe/H]$\le -1.0$) stars and nearly one million very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H]$\le -2.0$) stars. The typical precision is around $0.1$ dex for both dwarf and giant stars with [Fe/H]$>-1.0$, and 0.15-0.25/0.3-0.4 dex for dwarf/giant stars with [Fe/H]$<-1.0$. Using the precise parallax measurements and stellar colors from Gaia, effective temperature, luminosity classification, distance and stellar age are further derived for our sample stars. This huge data set in the Northern sky from SAGES, together with similar data in the Southern sky from SMSS, will greatly advance our understanding of the Milky Way, in particular its formation and evolution.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, accepted by ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.1415

An emerging PB2-627 polymorphism increases the pandemic potential of avian influenza virus by breaking through ANP32 host restriction in mammalian and avian hosts

Alterations in the PB2-627 domain could substantially increase the risk of an avian influenza virus (AIV) pandemic. So far, a well-known mammalian mutation PB2-E627K has not been maintained in AIV in poultry, which limits the spread of AIVs from avian to humans. Here, we discovered a variant, PB2-627V, which combines the properties of avian-like PB2-627E and human-like PB2-627K, overcoming host restrictions and posing a risk for human pandemics. Specifically, by screening the global PB2 sequences, we discovered a new independent cluster with PB2-627V emerged in the 2010s, which is prevalent in various avian, mammalian, and human isolates of AIVs, including H9N2, H7N9, H3N8, 2.3.4.4b H5N1, and other subtypes. And, the increasing prevalence of PB2-627V in poultry is accompanied by a rise in human infection cases with this variant. Then we systematically assessed its host adaptation, fitness, and transmissibility across three subtypes of AIVs (H9N2, H7N9, and H3N8) in different host models, including avian and human cells, chickens, mice, and ferrets where infections naturally occur. We found that PB2-627V facilitates AIVs to efficiently infect and replicate in chickens and mice by utilizing both avian- and human-origin ANP32A proteins. Importantly, and like PB2-627K, PB2-627V promotes efficient transmission between ferrets through respiratory droplets. Deep sequencing in passaged chicken samples and transmitted ferret samples indicates that PB2-627V remains stable across the two distinct hosts and has a high potential for long-term prevalence in avian species. Therefore, the mutation has the ability to continue spreading among poultry and can also overcome the barrier between birds and humans, greatly enhancing the likelihood of AIVs infecting humans. Given the escalating global spread of AIVs, it is crucial to closely monitor influenza viruses carrying PB2-627V to prevent a pandemic