Automated systems to identify relevant documents in product risk management

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Product risk management involves critical assessment of the risks and benefits of health products circulating in the market. One of the important sources of safety information is the primary literature, especially for newer products which regulatory authorities have relatively little experience with. Although the primary literature provides vast and diverse information, only a small proportion of which is useful for product risk assessment work. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the possibility of using text mining to automate the identification of useful articles, which will reduce the time taken for literature search and hence improving work efficiency. In this study, term-frequency inverse document-frequency values were computed for predictors extracted from the titles and abstracts of articles related to three tumour necrosis factors-alpha blockers. A general automated system was developed using only general predictors and was tested for its generalizability using articles related to four other drug classes. Several specific automated systems were developed using both general and specific predictors and training sets of different sizes in order to determine the minimum number of articles required for developing such systems.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The general automated system had an area under the curve value of 0.731 and was able to rank 34.6% and 46.2% of the total number of 'useful' articles among the first 10% and 20% of the articles presented to the evaluators when tested on the generalizability set. However, its use may be limited by the subjective definition of useful articles. For the specific automated system, it was found that only 20 articles were required to develop a specific automated system with a prediction performance (AUC 0.748) that was better than that of general automated system.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Specific automated systems can be developed rapidly and avoid problems caused by subjective definition of useful articles. Thus the efficiency of product risk management can be improved with the use of specific automated systems.</p

Chelating phosphine-N-heterocyclic carbene platinum complexes via catalytic asymmetric hydrophosphination and their cytotoxicity toward MKN74 and MCF7 cancer cell lines

A series of activated vinyl azoles was hydrophosphinated in the presence of a chiral palladacycle catalyst under mild conditions to give enantioenriched phosphine azoles with moderate enantioselectivities and yields. The racemic phosphine azoles were transformed into eleven novel chelating phosphine-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) platinum complexes. The drug efficacies of nine selected phosphine-NHC platinum(II) chlorides in two cancer cell lines (MKN74 and MCF7) were evaluated, and two were found to exhibit activities comparable to that of cisplatin.Ministry of Education (MOE)Submitted/Accepted versionThis research is supported by the Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its Academic Research Fund Tier 1 (2019- T1-001-094)

Optimizing Electrolyte Physiochemical Properties toward 2.8 V Aqueous Supercapacitor

Achieving a wide potential window of aqueous supercapacitor has been one of the key research interests to address its poor energy density. However, in this process, water decomposition becomes an increasingly significant issue that has to be tackled in order to attain a reliable aqueous supercapacitor. In order to avoid possible water decomposition at a wide potential, benign interaction between electrolyte and electrode during the cell operation has to be considered. In this work, a water-in-bisalt electrolyte consisting of 21 M lithium bis­(trifluoromethane)­sulfonamide and 1 M lithium sulfate was proposed. To complement the electrolyte, Li⁺ inserted MnO₂ and carbon were selected as electrode materials due to their low oxygen evolution reaction/hydrogen evolution reaction activities. The resultant aqueous supercapacitor was able to operate at 2.8 V which, to the best of our knowledge, is one of the widest potential windows reported for an aqueous supercapacitor system. The cell was able to deliver an energy density of 55.7 Wh kg^–1 at power density of 1 kW kg^–1, while attaining a good cyclic stability of 84.6% retention after 10000 cycles at a current density of 30 A g^–1. Such a strategy may be effective in the design of wide potential aqueous supercapacitors, which is crucial toward future supercapacitor development

Optimization of oxygen evolution activity by tuning e*(g) band broadening in nickel oxyhydroxide

10.1039/d2ee03413aENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE16

EZH2 phosphorylation by JAK3 mediates a switch to noncanonical function in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma

10.1182/blood-2016-01-690701BLOOD1287948-95