I Know It\u27s You: Touch Behavioral Characteristics Recognition on Smartphone Based on Pattern Password

In recent years, pattern password has been widely used for user authentication on smartphones and other mobile devices in addition to the traditional password protection approach. However, pattern password authentication mechanism is incapable of protecting users from losses when a user\u27s login credential information is stolen. We propose an identity verification scheme based on user’s touching behaviors when inputting a pattern password on the smartphone screen. By exploiting the biometrical features, such as position, pressure, size, and time when a user inputs a pattern password to a smartphone, the proposed user verification mechanism can validate whether the user is the true owner of the smartphone. We adopted fuzzy logic, artificial neural network, and support vector machine, to build classifiers, using the behavioral data collected from 10 users. The experimental results show that all the three algorithms have significant recognition capacity, and the fuzzy logic algorithm is the best one with its false acceptance rate and false rejection rate as 4.7% and 4.468% respectively

Global total precipitable water trends from 1958 to 2021

This study investigates the trend in global total precipitable water(TPW), surface skin temperature (Ts) and surface air temperature (T2m) from 1958 to 2021 using ERA5 and Jra-55 reanalysis datasets. We found that TPW trends in most regions of the world are moistening. Larger moistening trends were in tropical land areas from 1958 to 2021. Such moistening trends over large tropical lands, the Indian Ocean, high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) were confirmed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellite and the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive version 2 (IGRA2) observations. The average global TPW trend ranged from 0.16 and 0.21 mm decade-1 for ERA5 and JRA-55, respectively. We also found that significant warming of T2m and Ts was found in almost all regions especially the Arctic where the temperature anomaly trend (0.55 K decade-1) was three times more than the global average trend (around 0.15 K decade-1). In addition, this warming over land was obviously larger than ocean's warming. The TPW trend was positively correlated with surface warming over oceans while this correlation over land was negative. The TPW change in response to temperature T2m or Ts changes showed larger variations of 5-11% K-1 over oceans than over land (below 4 % K-1 and even negative). In view of global dTPW/dT in the banded-latitudes, two stronger response zones were in the southern high-latitudes and tropical zones, and the dTPW/dT ratios over land were mostly lower than the theoretical ratio of 7%/K-1 in tropical zones.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure

The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Overview and Evaluation at Standard Resolution

This work documents the first version of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) new Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1). We focus on the standard resolution of the fully coupled physical model designed to address DOE mission-relevant water cycle questions. Its components include atmosphere and land (110-km grid spacing), ocean and sea ice (60 km in the midlatitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles), and river transport (55 km) models. This base configuration will also serve as a foundation for additional configurations exploring higher horizontal resolution as well as augmented capabilities in the form of biogeochemistry and cryosphere configurations. The performance of E3SMv1 is evaluated by means of a standard set of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations consisting of a long preindustrial control, historical simulations (ensembles of fully coupled and prescribed SSTs) as well as idealized CO2 forcing simulations. The model performs well overall with biases typical of other CMIP-class models, although the simulated Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is weaker than many CMIP-class models. While the E3SMv1 historical ensemble captures the bulk of the observed warming between preindustrial (1850) and present day, the trajectory of the warming diverges from observations in the second half of the twentieth century with a period of delayed warming followed by an excessive warming trend. Using a two-layer energy balance model, we attribute this divergence to the model’s strong aerosol-related effective radiative forcing (ERFari+aci = -1.65 W/m2) and high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS = 5.3 K).Plain Language SummaryThe U.S. Department of Energy funded the development of a new state-of-the-art Earth system model for research and applications relevant to its mission. The Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) consists of five interacting components for the global atmosphere, land surface, ocean, sea ice, and rivers. Three of these components (ocean, sea ice, and river) are new and have not been coupled into an Earth system model previously. The atmosphere and land surface components were created by extending existing components part of the Community Earth System Model, Version 1. E3SMv1’s capabilities are demonstrated by performing a set of standardized simulation experiments described by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima protocol at standard horizontal spatial resolution of approximately 1° latitude and longitude. The model reproduces global and regional climate features well compared to observations. Simulated warming between 1850 and 2015 matches observations, but the model is too cold by about 0.5 °C between 1960 and 1990 and later warms at a rate greater than observed. A thermodynamic analysis of the model’s response to greenhouse gas and aerosol radiative affects may explain the reasons for the discrepancy.Key PointsThis work documents E3SMv1, the first version of the U.S. DOE Energy Exascale Earth System ModelThe performance of E3SMv1 is documented with a set of standard CMIP6 DECK and historical simulations comprising nearly 3,000 yearsE3SMv1 has a high equilibrium climate sensitivity (5.3 K) and strong aerosol-related effective radiative forcing (-1.65 W/m2)Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151288/1/jame20860_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151288/2/jame20860.pd

A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Molecular Study of Gynecologic and Breast Cancers

We analyzed molecular data on 2,579 tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of four gynecological types plus breast. Our aims were to identify shared and unique molecular features, clinically significant subtypes, and potential therapeutic targets. We found 61 somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) and 46 significantly mutated genes (SMGs). Eleven SCNAs and 11 SMGs had not been identified in previous TCGA studies of the individual tumor types. We found functionally significant estrogen receptor-regulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and gene/lncRNA interaction networks. Pathway analysis identified subtypes with high leukocyte infiltration, raising potential implications for immunotherapy. Using 16 key molecular features, we identified five prognostic subtypes and developed a decision tree that classified patients into the subtypes based on just six features that are assessable in clinical laboratories. By performing molecular analyses of 2,579 TCGA gynecological (OV, UCEC, CESC, and UCS) and breast tumors, Berger et al. identify five prognostic subtypes using 16 key molecular features and propose a decision tree based on six clinically assessable features that classifies patients into the subtypes

Fluctuation Relation for the Dissipative Flux: The Role of Dynamics, Correlations and Heat Baths

The fluctuation relation stands as a fundamental result in nonequilibrium statistical physics. Its derivation, particularly in the stationary state, places stringent conditions on the physical systems of interest. On the other hand, numerical analyses usually do not directly reveal any specific connection with such physical properties. This study proposes an investigation of such a connection with the fundamental ingredients of the derivation of the fluctuation relation for the dissipation, which includes the decay of correlations, in the case of heat transport in one-dimensional systems. The role of the heat baths in connection with the system’s inherent properties is then highlighted. A crucial discovery of our research is that different lattice models obeying the steady-state fluctuation relation may do so through fundamentally different mechanisms, characterizing their intrinsic nature. Systems with normal heat conduction, such as the lattice ϕ4 model, comply with the theorem after surpassing a certain observational time window, irrespective of lattice size. In contrast, systems characterized by anomalous heat conduction, such as Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou-β and harmonic oscillator chains, require extended observation periods for theoretical alignment, particularly as the lattice size increases. In these systems, the heat bath’s fluctuations significantly influence the entire lattice, linking the system’s fluctuations with those of the bath. Here, the current autocorrelation function allows us to discern the varying conditions under which different systems satisfy with the fluctuation relation. Our findings significantly expand the understanding of the stationary fluctuation relation and its broader implications in the field of nonequilibrium phenomena

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-US">Preparation of carbazole and dibenzofuran derivatives by selective b<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-US">romination<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-US"> on a<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-US">romatic<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-US"> rings<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-US"> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-US">or <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-US">benzylic g<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-US">roups with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-US">N</span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-US">-bromosuccinimide<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

635-641<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS), a bromine source, has been used to study the bromination of toluidine and cresols systematically to clarify the underlying mechanism and the orientation effect. It has been found that bromination of toluidine and cresols which possess electron-donating NH2/OH with NBS gives electrophilic aromatic substitution products quickly instead of the desired benzylic bromination products. In contrast, when the electronic effect of the substituted groups is reversed, only the benzylic bromination products are gained. Based on this methodology, several potential AChE inhibitors, such as 2-methoxy-5-(benzylamino)methyl-dibenzofuran, 3-bromo-2-methoxy-5-met-hyl-9H-carbazole, 3,6-dibromo-2-methoxy-5-methyl-9H-carb-azole, and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-methoxy-9H-(phenylsulfonyl)-carbazole have been synthesized

Dynamic Graph Convolution Based on Functional Neuroimaging Priors for EEG Mental Fatigue Recognition on Cross-subject

Mental fatigue among drivers is a primary factor in many traffic accidents. Electroencephalography (EEG), which directly measures neurophysiological activities in the brain, is commonly used for fatigue recognition. However, cross-subject research in fatigue recognition using EEG faces challenges such as low spatial resolution and significant individual variability. Inspired by neuroscience, a dynamic graph convolution learning from functional neuroimaging (FNI-DGCNN) is proposed, making up for EEG's low spatial resolution. We first use a multi-scale spatiotemporal learning block to extract EEG features with attention allocation, then initialize the adjacency matrix based on prior knowledge about fatigue recognition mechanisms from functional neuroimaging, use the extracted features and the adjacency matrix to initialize the graph, and finally use dynamic graph convolution further to study the intrinsic functional connectivity of mental fatigue. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 88.89% among 17 subjects, outperforming existing EEG models for cross-subject