209 research outputs found
Breakthrough of glycobiology in the 21st century
As modern medicine began to emerge at the turn of the 20th century, glycan-based therapies advanced. DNA- and protein-centered therapies became widely available. The research and development of structurally defined carbohydrates have led to new tools and methods that have sparked interest in the therapeutic applications of glycans. One of the latest omics disciplines to emerge in the contemporary post-genomics age is glycomics. In addition, to providing hope for patients and people with different health conditions through a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of common complex diseases, this new specialty in system sciences has much to offer to communities involved in the development of diagnostics and therapeutics in medicine and life sciences.This review focuses on recent developments that have pushed glycan-based therapies into the spotlight in medicine and the technologies powering these initiatives, which we can take as the most significant success of the 21st century
Revolutionising health care: Exploring the latest advances in medical sciences
Recent years have seen a revolution in the domain of medical science, with ground-breaking discoveries changing health care as we once knew it [1]. These advances have considerably improved disease diagnosis, treatment, and management, improving patient outcomes and quality of life [2–5]. . .
Effect of a booster dose of influenza vaccine in patients with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant recipients: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Booster influenza vaccination has been recommended for patients with chronic renal disease in order to enhance the immune response to the influenza vaccine; however, the efficacy of a booster influenza vaccination is a matter of controversy. Therefore, we made a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy in patients with hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and renal transplant recipient (RT). The sero-protection rate was used as a serologic parameter to describe the immune response to the vaccine. Statistical analysis was performed to calculate the pooled rate difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The pooled RD for the H1N1, H3N2 and B influenza vaccines was 0.02 (95% CI: −0.02–0.06), 0.05 (95% CI: −0.01–0.11), 0.04 (95% CI: −0.02–0.10), respectively. We concluded that a booster dose of the influenza vaccine did not effectively enhance immunogenicity. Therefore, a booster dose of vaccine is not recommended for patients with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant recipients.Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, Chin
The role of IgG N-galactosylation in spondyloarthritis
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory arthritic diseases causing inflammatory back pain and stiffness, leading to irreversible damage of joint and spine, seriously affecting the quality of life. However, the exact pathogenesis of SpA is still unknown, although the blockers of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are a major therapeutic advance. Of interest is the association between SpA and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation. IgG N-glycosylation is a process of post-translational modification (PTM) that takes part in regulating anti- and pro-inflammatory effects. A relationship between IgG N-glycosylation and the development of inflammatory arthritic diseases exists, in addition this relationship often occurs before the onset of disease. There are studies reporting the association between IgG N-glycosylation and SpA, leading to a significant amount of data being generated. Analysis of this data in a rigorous form is greatly needed, hence this review will focus on identifying the relationships that exist between IgG N-glycosylation in inflammatory arthritis. More specifically, the modification to the structure of IgG N-glycosylation via TNF blockers as a treatment, the link between disease activity and IgG N-glycosylation, and the predictive capacity of IgG N-glycosylation in SpA. Investigation of IgG N-glycosylation has demonstrated that IgG N-galactosylation plays an important role in the development and prognosis of SpA. This association provides a novel pathway to further research to improve early diagnosis and possible biomarkers for treatment of patients with SpA
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Autonomous Control of Space Reactor Systems
Autonomous and semi-autonomous control is a key element of space reactor design in order to meet the mission requirements of safety, reliability, survivability, and life expectancy. Interrestrial nuclear power plants, human operators are avilable to perform intelligent control functions that are necessary for both normal and abnormal operational conditions
Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly patients with triple-negative breast cancer
There is little evidence determining whether elderly patients (from 70 to 90 years old) with triple-negative breast cancer could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). This study explores the effect of AC in these population following surgery. A total of 4610 patients were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2010-2018). Multiple imputation by chained equations was performed to impute missing data. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to reduce the selection bias. IPTW-adjusted Kaplan-Meiers survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were performed to compare breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) in the two treatment groups. The patients were classified into the chemotherapy (n=1989) and the observation (n=2621) groups. The percentage of patients receiving AC versus observation increased significantly from 2010 to 2018 (estimated annual percentage change, 1.49%; 95%CI, 0.75-2.16%, p=0.002). The 5-year IPTW-adjusted rates of BCSS and OS in AC group were better than that in observation group (BCSS: 82.32% vs. 78.42%, p=0.010; OS: 75.54% vs. 64.65%, p0.050). In conclusion, we presented a BCSS and OS benefit from AC in elderly patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). AC remained a reasonable treatment approach in these specific patients. For the patients with T1ab, de-escalated treatment would be administrated with caution
Photometric Variability in the CSTAR Field: Results From the 2008 Data Set
The Chinese Small Telescope ARray (CSTAR) is the first telescope facility
built at Dome A, Antarctica. During the 2008 observing season, the installation
provided long-baseline and high-cadence photometric observations in the i-band
for 18,145 targets within 20 deg2 CSTAR field around the South Celestial Pole
for the purpose of monitoring the astronomical observing quality of Dome A and
detecting various types of photometric variability. Using sensitive and robust
detection methods, we discover 274 potential variables from this data set, 83
of which are new discoveries. We characterize most of them, providing the
periods, amplitudes and classes of variability. The catalog of all these
variables is presented along with the discussion of their statistical
properties.Comment: 38 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables; Accepted for publication in ApJ
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