Sex, Drug, and HIV/AIDS: The Drug Career of an Urban Chinese Woman

This case study is based on the life history of an urban Chinese woman, Lydia, who has become an AIDS patient through injecting heroin use. Adopting theories of drug career and biopolitics, this study depicts Lydia’s drug-centered life. From the perspective of a drug career, this article vividly illustrates her experience of drug initiation, escalation, maintenance, and finally achievement of abstinence. In addition, this study also shows how drug use has penetrated all dimensions of Lydia’s life including intimate relationships, financial arrangements, and compulsory drug treatment; in the end, contracting HIV was when she finally hit rock bottom and worked to get rid of her heroin dependence. From the perspective of biopolitics, this article focuses on the institutional and social structure transformation that is reflected by Lydia’s personal experience, especially the social service, treatment, and intervention programs provided for her during an era of increasingly growing drug use and HIV-infected population

When There Are No Therapists: A Psychoeducational Group for People Who Have Experienced Social Disasters

A social disaster is when categories of people are politically or socially targeted by virtue of their social identities and suffer ongoing targeting and oppression. Survivors of social disasters often experience similar traumatic symptoms as those of survivors of natural disasters but, unlike most other types of disasters, the threats that caused the trauma and the conditions that undermine survivor’s identity, safety, trust, and sense of control continue to exist. This article shares a model of a psychoeducational group developed and field tested by the authors and used with a group of people targeted because of their queer identities

Spectral extremal results for Berge-K3,tK_{3,t}-free rr-graphs

An $r$-uniform hypergraph ($r$-graph) is linear if any two edges intersect at most one vertex. For a graph $F$, a hypergraph $H$ is Berge-$F$ if there is a bijection $\phi:E(F)\rightarrow E(H)$ such that $e\subseteq \phi(e)$ for each $e\in E(F)$. For an $r$-graph $H$, let $\mathcal{A}(H)$ be the adjacency tensor of $H$. The spectral radius of $H$ is the spectral radius of the tensor $\mathcal{A}(H)$. In this paper, a kind of stability results for Berge-$K_{3,t}$ linear $r$-graphs are built. Based on these results, an upper bound for the spectral radius of connected Berge-$K_{3,t}$-free linear $r$-graphs is obtained. Meanwhile, the structure of the spectral extremal connected Berge-$K_{3,t}$-free linear $r$-graphs is studied.Comment: 15 page

Health Service Access for Rural People Living with HIV/AIDS in China: A Critical Evaluation

The increasingly serious HIV/AIDS epidemic creates a significant burden for the public health system; however, little attention has been paid to the issue of health service access in rural China. Based on a qualitative study of 34 Chinese rural People Living with HIVIAIDS (PLWHA) and 13 health providers, this study fills a gap by examining health service access from both the demand and supply-side. Utilizing access theory, this study explores the availability, affordability and acceptability of health services in rural China. Moreover, this study focuses on access barriers and institutional obstacles that PLWHA meet during their illness and considers the influence of the current Chinese political philosophy of marketization and privatization of the health care systems

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of hESC-Derived 3D Retinal Organoids Reveals Novel Genes Regulating RPC Commitment in Early Human Retinogenesis.

The development of the mammalian retina is a complicated process involving the generation of distinct types of neurons from retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in a spatiotemporal-specific manner. The progression of RPCs during retinogenesis includes RPC proliferation, cell-fate commitment, and specific neuronal differentiation. In this study, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing of cells isolated from human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived 3D retinal organoids, we successfully deconstructed the temporal progression of RPCs during early human retinogenesis. We identified two distinctive subtypes of RPCs with unique molecular profiles, namely multipotent RPCs and neurogenic RPCs. We found that genes related to the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as chromatin remodeling, were dynamically regulated during RPC commitment. Interestingly, our analysis identified that CCND1, a G1-phase cell-cycle regulator, was coexpressed with ASCL1 in a cell-cycle-independent manner. Temporally controlled overexpression of CCND1 in retinal organoids demonstrated a role for CCND1 in promoting early retinal neurogenesis. Together, our results revealed critical pathways and novel genes in early retinogenesis of humans

Does Friend Support Matter? The Association between Gender Role Attitudes and School Bullying among Male Adolescents in China

This study investigated the association between gender role attitudes, perceived friend support, and school bullying among male adolescents from 11 schools in two cities in China. A total of 3172 Chinese adolescents between 12 and 20 years of age (48.80% girls and 51.20% boys) completed questionnaires that included measures of bullying, gender role attitudes, and perceived social support. In terms of outcome measures, the Chinese version of the Illinois Bully Scale (IBS), Attitudes toward Women Scale for Adolescents (AWSA), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to assess bullying perpetration, gender role attitudes, and perceived friend support, respectively. Based on masculinity theories and the stress-buffering theory, the study found that male adolescents held more traditional gender role attitudes (t = 30.78, p < 0.001) and reported higher prevalence of bullying behaviors (36.02%) than girls (31.20%). In addition, boys’ bullying behaviors were significantly predicted by gender role attitudes through perceived friend support. That is, male youth with more conservative gender role attitudes reported less perceived friend support (adjusted OR = 1.055; SE = 0.013), which elevated their risks of bullying perpetration (adjusted OR = 2.082; SE = 0.302). These findings have critical implications for bullying intervention and prevention through gender equity education

Day Re-construction: Understanding How College Students Manage Their Time Through Self-monitoring

With a plethora of possibilities for new social experiences, activities, and other prospects, college students may find it challenging to balance their time. To facilitate their awareness of and reflection upon time expenditures regarding the three pillars of a balanced life: work, personal maintenance and leisure. We designed and evaluated a web app called LifeLogger. This application harnesses semi-automated, self-tracking, and visualization features to support awareness and reflection of time use. We invited 13 participants to interact with the prototype for a week, and followed up with semi-structured interviews to understand their experiences of the application. We find that LifeLogger increases participants awareness and encourages self-reflection on time use, which could facilitate participants in comprehend- ing their time expenditures. We conclude by discussing potential design strategies for time management

GEOCHEMICAL AND CLAY-MINERAL STUDY OF HEALING MUD FROM WUDALIANCHI, NE CHINA

Over the centuries, people have used healing mud (peloids) to draw toxins out of the body, boost the immune system, cure psoriasis, acne, depression, and hair loss. The beauty industry has used mud-clay masks, body wraps, soaps, and baths. The useful properties of mud were established empirically. The most popular healing-mud spars are known in the Dead Sea in Israel, Baden-Baden in Germany, Calistoga in California, Budapest in Hungary, Akhtala and Kumisi in Georgia, Paratunka in Kamchatka, Wudalianchi in China.Over the centuries, people have used healing mud (peloids) to draw toxins out of the body, boost the immune system, cure psoriasis, acne, depression, and hair loss. The beauty industry has used mud-clay masks, body wraps, soaps, and baths. The useful properties of mud were established empirically. The most popular healing-mud spars are known in the Dead Sea in Israel, Baden-Baden in Germany, Calistoga in California, Budapest in Hungary, Akhtala and Kumisi in Georgia, Paratunka in Kamchatka, Wudalianchi in China

Bullying Perpetration and Homophobic Teasing: Mediation through Gender Role Attitudes

Homophobic teasing or name-calling, one form of school-related gender-based violence, refers to the use of derogatory language or actions towards sexual- or gender-nonconforming individuals. Research in the Global North has indicated that it is highly prevalent among adolescents, and is associated with a broad range of negative outcomes for both victims and perpetrators. However, such behaviors remain understudied in China. Using a cross-sectional design, the present study investigated the structural relations between homophobic teasing, bullying perpetration, and gender role attitudes among 1915 Chinese high school students. The results showed that 11.5% of the participants had perpetrated such harassment in the past month. Structural equation analyses revealed that bullying perpetration predicted more teasing involvement, and that the relationship was partially mediated by gender role attitudes among both female and male youth. The moderation effect of sex was found only for the direct effect of bullying; such that males who engaged in bullying were more likely to perpetrate homophobic teasing than females. These findings suggest the need for further examination and effective interventions and preventions for the behavior in Chinese contexts

Surgical treatment of a distal radius and ipsilateral metacarpal hemophilic pseudotumor without recurrence or functional deficit: a case report

BackgroundDistal hemophilic pseudotumor (HP) occurring distal to the wrist appear to be secondary to intraosseous hemorrhage, which develops rapidly and should be treated primarily with long-term replacement therapy and cast immobilization. Surgical removal or even amputation is indicated when conservative management fails to prevent progression. Here, a practical strategy was described for those patients who cannot afford the cost of routine coagulation factor replacement therapy, namely immediate surgical curettage and bone grafting as well as continuous follow-up.Case descriptionA 7-year-old boy with a history of mild hemophilia A was admitted to our medical center because of a 2-year history of progressive swelling and pain around right forearm and hand. Coagulation factor VIII level was 11.1% of normal with no inhibitor. Radiographs revealed expansile swelling, bone destruction, and deformity of the distal right radius and the second metacarpal bone. He was diagnosed with distal HP. Surgical procedure of curettage and bone grafting was performed. The function and appearance of the right wrist were almost normal without discomfort at the 101-month follow-up. Significantly, the same patient was hospitalized again because of a year-long progressive swelling and pain around the left hand when he was 14 years old. X-ray showed multiple bone destruction of the left proximal phalanges of left thumb, middle finger and little finger with local pathological fractures. Surgical procedure of HPs including curettage and bone grafting was performed. Postoperative recovery was good, and the last clinical follow-up at 18 months after the operation displayed a satisfactory shape and functional outcomes.ConclusionsCurettage and bone grafting prove to be safe and feasible for patients with distal HP and continuous follow-up of patients with distal HP is very vital for timely finding and then treating successive HP in developing countries