现代汉语总结类话语标记浅析 = Discourse Markers of Summary in Modern Chinese

总结类话语标记是人类语言共有的元话语 成分之一。现代汉语总结类话语标记包括“总 之”、“一句话”、“概括起来讲”、“总的 来看”等众多成员，根据构成成分及其结构关 系特点可以归纳为以“话/言”和“说/讲/ 看”为核心成分的名词和动词两个系列。总结 类话语标记分布在前后语段之间，构建的语篇 模式为“a，X，b”，在“要点概括”的总体语 义功能之下表达概括、推论、补充、转折、让 步等多种下位语义关系。总结类话语标记的语 篇组织功能和人际互动功能是其概念表达功能 语法化的结果，在这一过程中从基本话语发展 为元话语。 A discourse marker of summary is a common meta-discourse element in human languages. Discourse markers of summary in modern Chinese contains zong zhi, yi ju hua, gai kuo qi lai jiang, zong de lai kan and others, which can be summarized as nouns and pronouns centered by hua/yan, shuo/jiang/kan in correspondence of their construction elements and features of construction relation. Discourse markers of summary distribute near the front and back syntagms, through which the discourse model is constructed as “a, X, b”. This construction implies summary, inference, complementarity, transference, concession, and other semantic relation of subcategorization. The discourse organizing function and inter-personal interactive function of discourse markers of summary is the grammaticalization of the function of these and in this process, the discourse markers of summary develops from basic discourse to meta-discourse

Applications of Schauder’s Fixed Point Theorem to Semipositone Singular Differential Equations

We study the existence of positive periodic solutions of second-order singular differential equations. The proof relies on Schauder’s fixed point theorem. Our results generalized and extended those results contained in the studies by Chu and Torres (2007) and Torres (2007) . In some suitable weak singularities, the existence of periodic solutions may help

The Technology and Application of Improving Bearing Capacity of Deep Peat Soil Subgrade

Peat soil is widely distributed in more than 500 countries around the world, covering an area of over 4 million square kilometers, among which the distribution area in China is about 40000 square kilometers, and most of Peat soil is distributed in swamps and forests. Peat soil is with high content of organic matter, poor engineering properties and low bearing capacity, which is very unfavorable to the safety and functionality of infrastructure construction. The Belt and Road, and the other two parts of the peat soil are studied in this paper. The key technologies of peat soil foundation are studied through literature review and comparative study. This will provide theoretical and technical support for repairing bridges, roads and houses in the distribution area of peat soil, and provide the theoretical basis and technical foundation for the construction of the “peat” Road area. Chinese Library Classification: TU0

Improved spring temperature reconstruction using earlywood blue intensity in southeastern China

Because instrumental observations are too short to fully represent long-term natural variability, high-resolution temperature proxy records are essential to understanding past climate and assessing current climate variability in the context of long-term patterns. In the subtropics, progress in this field has been hampered by a relative lack of long and truly temperature-sensitive proxy records. In this study, we provide an assessment of the dendroclimatic potential of blue intensity (BI) and ring-width (RW) measurements from two hot/humid Pinus massoniana sites in China. Our results show that RW exhibits a significant (p < .05) response to precipitation over a hydrological year (previous November to October) and to temperature over the winter–spring season (January to March). We find the earlywood blue intensity parameter to be the most robust parameter for reconstruction purposes; over the 1916–2015 period, it explains 36% of regional-scale spring season (March–May) temperature variance. Strong agreements between the current reconstruction and observed temperature over a large area of southeastern China implied that our reconstruction exhibited high reliability and large spatial representation. As expected, our reconstructed temperature data are directly correlated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation. These results suggest that there is great potential to use BI to advance our understanding of temperature variability in regions hot and humid climate regimes. However, more studies are needed to understand (1) which subtropical tree species will be appropriate for use and (2) how to overcome biases from differential staining between sapwood and heartwood

Emergence of Fatal PRRSV Variants: Unparalleled Outbreaks of Atypical PRRS in China and Molecular Dissection of the Unique Hallmark

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a severe viral disease in pigs, causing great economic losses worldwide each year. The causative agent of the disease, PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a member of the family Arteriviridae. Here we report our investigation of the unparalleled large-scale outbreaks of an originally unknown, but so-called “high fever” disease in China in 2006 with the essence of PRRS, which spread to more than 10 provinces (autonomous cities or regions) and affected over 2,000,000 pigs with about 400,000 fatal cases. Different from the typical PRRS, numerous adult sows were also infected by the “high fever” disease. This atypical PRRS pandemic was initially identified as a hog cholera-like disease manifesting neurological symptoms (e.g., shivering), high fever (40–42°C), erythematous blanching rash, etc. Autopsies combined with immunological analyses clearly showed that multiple organs were infected by highly pathogenic PRRSVs with severe pathological changes observed. Whole-genome analysis of the isolated viruses revealed that these PRRSV isolates are grouped into Type II and are highly homologous to HB-1, a Chinese strain of PRRSV (96.5% nucleotide identity). More importantly, we observed a unique molecular hallmark in these viral isolates, namely a discontinuous deletion of 30 amino acids in nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2). Taken together, this is the first comprehensive report documenting the 2006 epidemic of atypical PRRS outbreak in China and identifying the 30 amino-acid deletion in NSP2, a novel determining factor for virulence which may be implicated in the high pathogenicity of PRRSV, and will stimulate further study by using the infectious cDNA clone technique

Attitudinal stance towards the anti-extradition bill movement in <i>China Daily</i> and <i>South China Morning Post</i>

Abstract Based on Appraisal Theory and critical discourse analysis, this corpus-assisted study examines how China Daily (CD) and South China Morning Post (SCMP) used appraisal resources to express their respective stances towards the anti-extradition bill movement. The results show that both newspapers employed negative resources of Judgement and the predication strategy to convey their stance, but SCMP seemed more refrained in the use of appraisal resources. CD openly stated that any illegal actions should be punished, and SCMP also criticised these actions. Besides, CD emphasized the consequences brought by violence and attributed the breakout of the protests to the opposition camp’s political intention for their own benefit, whereas SCMP highlighted Hong Kongers’ widespread opposition to the bill. These differences in language use and stance might be explained by the different press systems they respectively belong to and related to their respective historical and socio-political contexts.</jats:p